Advances in concrete construction

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Evaluation of seismic strengthening techniques for non-ductile soft-story RC frame

  • Karki, Prajwol (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi) ;
  • Oinam, Romanbabu M. (Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Tirupati) ;
  • Sahoo, Dipti Ranjan (Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi)
  • Received : 2019.08.06
  • Accepted : 2020.03.25
  • Published : 2020.04.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Open ground story (OGS) reinforced concrete (RC) buildings are vulnerable to the complete collapse or severe damages under seismic actions. This study investigates the effectiveness of four different strengthening techniques representing the local and global modifications to improve the seismic performance of a non-ductile RC OGS frame. Steel caging and concrete jacketing methods of column strengthening are considered as the local modification techniques, whereas steel bracing and RC shear wall systems are selected as the global strengthening techniques in this study. Performance-based plastic design (PBPD) approach relying on energy-balance concept has been adopted to determine the required design force demand on the strengthening elements. Nonlinear static and dynamic analyses are carried out on the numerical models of study frames to assess the effectiveness of selected strengthening techniques in improving the seismic performance of OGS frame.. Strengthening techniques based on steel braces and RC shear wall significantly reduced the peak interstory drift response of the OGS frame. However, the peak floor acceleration of these strengthened frames is amplified by more than 2.5 times as compared to that of unstrengthened frame. Steel caging technique of column strengthening resulted in a reasonable reduction in the peak interstory drift response without substantial amplification in peak floor acceleration of the OSG frame.

Keywords

References

  1. ACI 374.1-05 (2005), Acceptance Criteria for Moment Frames Based on Structural Testing and Commentary (ACI 374.1-05), American Concrete Institute, Farmington Hills, MI, U.S.A.
  2. Adam, J.M., Ivorra, S., Pallares, F.J., Gimenez, E. and Calderon, P.A. (2008), "Column-joint assembly in RC columns strengthened by steel caging", Proc. Inst. Civil Eng.: Struct. Build., 161(6), 337-343. https://doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2008.161.6.337.
  3. Alcocer, S.M. and Jirsa, J. (1993), "Strength of reinforced concrete frame connections rehabilitated by jacketing", ACI Struct. J., 90(3), 249-261.
  4. ASCE 7-10 (2010), Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and other Structures, American Society of Civil Engineers, Reston, Virginia.
  5. Bothara, J., Dizhur, D., Dhakal, R. and Ingham, J. (2017), "Context and issues during post-earthquake rapid evaluation of buildings after the 2015 Nepal (Gorkha) earthquake", Proceedings of SESOC Conference, Wellington, New Zealand.
  6. Bruneau, M., Uang, C.M. and Sabelli, R. (2011), Ductile Design of Steel Structures, McGraw-Hill, New York.
  7. Chaulagain, H., Rodrigues, H., Spacone, E. and Varum, H. (2015), "Assessment of seismic strengthening solutions for existing low-rise RC buildings in Nepal", Earthq. Struct., 8(3), 511-539. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.8.3.511.
  8. CSI (2017), SAP2000 Analysis Reference Manual, Computers and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, California.
  9. Dolsek, M. and Fajfar, P. (2001), "Soft-storey effects in uniformly infilled reinforced concrete frames", J. Earthq. Eng., 5(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460109350383
  10. Dritsos, S. and Pilakoutas, K. (1992), "Composite technique for repair/strengthening of RC members", Proceedins of the Second International Symposium on Composite Materials and Structues, Beijing, China.
  11. Dritsos, S.E. (1997), "Jacket retrofitting of reinforced concrete columns", Constr. Repair, 11(4), 35-40.
  12. FEMA 306 (1998), Evaluation of Earthquake Damaged Concrete and Masonry Wall Buildings Basic Procedures Manual, Applied Technology Council, Washington, DC.
  13. Garzon-Roca, J., Adam, J.M. and Calderon, P.A. (2011), "Behaviour of RC columns strengthened by steel caging under combined bending and axial loads", Constr. Build. Mater., 25(5), 2402-2412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2010.11.045.
  14. Ghobadi, M.S., Jazany, R.A. and Farshchi, H. (2019), "In-situ repair technique of infill masonry walls in steel frames damaged after an earthquake", Eng. Struct., 178, 665-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.10.022.
  15. Goel, S.C. and Chao, S.H. (2008), Performance-based Plastic Design: Earthquake-resistant Steel Structures, International Code Council, California.
  16. Goel, S.C., Liao, W., Bayat, M.R. and Chao, S.H. (2010), "Performance-based plastic design (PBPD) method for earthquake-resistant structures : An overview", Struct. Des. Tall Spec. Build., 137(19), 115-137. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.547.
  17. Hwang, S.J., Fang, W.H., Lee, H.J. and Yu, H.W. (2001), "Analytical model for predicting shear strength of squat walls", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 127(1), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2001)127:1(43).
  18. IS:1893-I (2016), Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
  19. Jain, S.K., Lettis, W.R., Murty, C.V.R. and Bardet, J. (2002), "Bhuj, India earthquake of January 26, 2001 reconnaissance report", Earthq. Spectra, 18(S1), 297-317. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2803917
  20. Julio, E.N.B.S. and Branco, F.A.B. (2008), "Reinforced concrete jacketing-interface influence on cyclic loading response", Am. Concrete Inst. Struct. J., 105(4), 1-7.
  21. Karamodin, A. and Zanganeh, A. (2017). "Seismic design and performance of dual moment and eccentrically braced frame system using PBPD method", Lat. Am. J. Solid. Struct., 14(3), 441-463. https://doi.org/10.1590/1679-78253425.
  22. Kato, D. and Ohnishi, K. (2001), "Axial load carrying capacity of R/C columns under lateral load reversals", Proc. Third U.S.-Japan Workshop on Performance-based Earthq. Eng. Meth. for Reinf. Conc. Build. Struct., 231-239.
  23. Kumar, P.C.A. and Sahoo, D.R. (2016), "Optimum range of slenderness ratio of hollow steel square braces for special concentrically braced frames", Adv. Struct. Eng., 19(6), 928-944. https://doi.org/10.1177/1369433216630442.
  24. Kumar, P.C.A., Anand, S. and Sahoo, D.R. (2017), "Modified seismic design of concentrically braced frames considering flexural demand on columns", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 46, 1559-1580. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2867.
  25. Liao, W.C. (2010). "Performance-based plastic design of earthquake resistant reinforced concrete moment frames", Doctoral Thesis, The University of Michigan, USA.
  26. Moehle, J.P. (2000). "State of research on seismic retrofit of concrete building structures in the US", Proceedings of the US-Japan Symposium and Workshop on Seismic Retrofit of Concrete Structures-State of Research and Practice, Japan.
  27. Motter, C.J., Abdullah, S.A. and Wallace, J.W. (2018), "Reinforced concrete structural walls without special boundary elements", ACI Struct. J., 115(3), 723-733.
  28. Murty, C.V.R., Greene, M., Jain, S.K., Prasad, N.P. and Mehta, V.V. (2005), "Earthquake rebuilding in Gujarat, India", Special Earthquake Report, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland California.
  29. Nagaprasad, P., Sahoo, D.R. and Rai, D.C. (2009), "Seismic strengthening of RC columns using external steel cage", Earthq. Eng. Struct. Dyn., 38, 1563-1586. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.917.
  30. Newmark, N.M. and Hall, W.J. (1982), Earthquake Spectra and Design, Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Oakland California.
  31. Oinam, R.M. (2017), "Metallic energy dissipation devices for seismic strengthening of reinforced concrete frames with soft-storey", Doctoral Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi.
  32. Oinam, R.M. and Sahoo, D.R. (2016). "Seismic rehabilitation of damaged reinforced concrete frames using combined metallic yielding passive devices", Struct. Infrastr. Eng., 13(6), 816-830. https://doi.org/10.1080/15732479.2016.1190766.
  33. Oinam, R.M. and Sahoo, D.R. (2018), "Numerical evaluation of seismic response of soft-story RC frames retrofitted with passive devices", Build. Earthq. Eng., 16(2), 983-1006. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-017-0240-5.
  34. Oinam, R.M. and Sahoo, D.R. (2019). "Using metallic dampers to improve seismic performance of soft-story RC frames : Experimental and numerical study", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 33(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001254.
  35. Paulay, T. and Priestley, M. (1992), Seismic Design of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York.
  36. Reza Banihashemi, M., Mirzagoltabar, A.R. and Tavakoli, H.R. (2015), "Development of the performance-based plastic design for steel moment resistant frame", Int. J. Steel Struct., 15(1), 51-62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-015-3004-6.
  37. Sabelli, R., Mahin, S. and Chang, C. (2003), "Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces", Eng. Struct., 25(5), 655-666. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00175-X.
  38. Sahoo, D.R. and Chao, S.H. (2010), "Performance-based plastic design of buckling-restrained braced frames", Eng. Struct., 32(9), 2950-2958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.05.014.
  39. Sahoo, D.R. and Rai, D.C. (2010), "Seismic strengthening of non-ductile reinforced concrete frames using aluminum shear links as energy-dissipation devices", Eng. Struct., 32(11), 3548-3557. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2010.07.023.
  40. Saravanan, T.J., Rao, G.V.R., Prakashvel, J., Gopalakrishnan, N., Lakshmanan, N. and Murty, C.V.R. (2017), "Dynamic testing of open ground story structure and in situ evaluation of displacement demand magnifier", J. Perform. Constr. Facil., ASCE, 31(5), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0001052.
  41. Smyrou, E. (2015), "FRP versus traditional strengthening on a typical mid-rise Turkish RC building", Earthq. Struct., 9(5), 1069-1089. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/eas.2015.9.5.1069.
  42. Srechai, J., Leelataviwat, S., Wongkaew, A. and Lukkunaprasit, P. (2017), "Experimental and analytical evaluation of a low-cost seismic retrofitting method for masonry-infilled non-ductile RC frames", Earthq. Struct., 12(6), 699-712. https://doi.org/10.12989/eas.2017.12.6.699.
  43. Teran, A. and Ruiz, J. (1992), "Reinforced concrete jacketing of existing structures", Proceedings of the 10th World Conference Earthq. Eng., Balkema, Rotterdam, 5107-5113.
  44. Vandoros, K.G. and Dritsos, S.E. (2008), "Concrete jacket construction detail effectiveness when strengthening RC columns", Constr. Build. Mater., 22(3), 264-276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2006.08.019.
  45. Wallace, J.W. (1994), "New methodology for seismic design of RC shear walls", J. Struct. Eng., ASCE, 120(3), 863-884. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1994)120:3(863).
  46. Yavari, H., Ghobadi, M.S. and Yakhchalian, M. (2019), "Progressive collapse potential of different types of irregular buildings located in diverse seismic sites", Heliyon, 5(1), e01137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01137.

Cited by

  1. Seismic assessment of RC building frames using direct-displacement-based and force-based approaches vol.5, pp.3, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41062-020-00364-1
  2. Seismic performance improvement of RC buildings with external steel frames vol.27, pp.4, 2020, https://doi.org/10.12989/cac.2021.27.4.343
  3. Direct-displacement and force-based seismic assessment of RC frame structures vol.7, pp.1, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1007/s41024-021-00160-z