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88올림픽공원 조각공원의 조성 과정 및 전후 담론의 해석

Development Process of the 88 Seoul Olympic Park as Sculpture Park and Its Discourses

  • 신명진 (서울대학교 대학원 협동과정 조경학) ;
  • 성종상 (서울대학교 환경대학원 환경조경학과) ;
  • 배정한 (서울대학교 조경.지역시스템공학부)
  • Shin, Myungjin (Interdisciplinary Program in Landscape Architecture, Graduate School, Seoul National University) ;
  • Sung, Jong-Sang (Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University) ;
  • Pae, Jeong-Hann (Dept. of Landscape Architecture and Rural Systems Engineering, Seoul National University)
  • 투고 : 2020.02.14
  • 심사 : 2020.03.02
  • 발행 : 2020.02.28

초록

88올림픽공원은 한국 근현대사의 주요 전환점인 88서울올림픽대회를 기념하는 공간으로서 체육공원, 사적공원, 조각공원 등 다양한 기능의 수행을 목적으로 한 도시 공원이다. 문화올림픽이라는 슬로건 아래 88서울올림픽은 국가 홍보의 장으로 적극 활용되었으며, 이와 같은 차원에서 1986년 기 준공되었던 공원은 1, 2차 세계야외조각 심포지엄 및 국제조각초대전을 거치며 190여 점의 작품이 설치되면서 조각공원으로 재조성되었다. 본 연구는 조각공원으로서 88올림픽공원의 조성 과정 및 전후 담론을 살펴봄으로써 88올림픽공원의 역사·문화적 가치를 재고하고자 한다. 조성 과정 및 그 전후, 88올림픽공원을 둘러싼 여러 담론이 나타났다. 먼저, 추상 양식 조각품의 비율이 높아 한국의 문화를 보여주는 데 역부족이라는 비판이 지속적으로 제기되며, 한국 문화의 세계화에 대한 논의가 번졌다. 둘째, 조성 과정에서 몽촌토성 훼손 등 사적지 보존 문제에 대한 논쟁이 이어졌다. 셋째, 공원의 정체성에 관한 공방이 있었다. 이에 더해 조각공원 프로그램의 후속 도입으로 인해 공간과 작품의 간극이 해소되지 못했기에 통합된 도시공원으로 자리 잡지 못했다는 의견도 제기되었다. 조각공원으로서 88올림픽공원은 세계화, 민족성, 공공성, 예술성 등에 대한 논의가 대형 공원 조성과 맞물려 공론화된 초창기 사례로, 추후 도시 경관의 문화·예술적 실천에 대한 탐구에 있어 유의미한 역사적 맥락을 제시한다. 본 연구는 정치·문화·예술·조경을 아우르는 88올림픽공원의 조성 전후 담론을 살펴봄으로써 1980년대 문화예술과 도시 공간에 대한 논의가 벌어진 지점을 포착하고 해석했다는 의의를 지닌다.

The 88 Olympic Park is a monumental urban park in Seoul, developed to commemorate South Korea's hosting of the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. Initially conceived to emphasize the event slogan, 'Cultural Olympics,' which was driven by the Korean government, the park, already designed and constructed by 1986, was reconfigured into a sculpture park following two international outdoor sculpture Olympiads and an invitational sculpture exhibition. This study takes a look at the process of redesigning the park into sculpture park and the socio-political discussions surrounding such a process, in order to reconsider the significance of the 88 Seoul Olympic Park with regards to Korean landscape architectural history. Several discussions within Korean society arose during the redesign process. First, there were critiques on the artwork selection during the early phase of the project. Second, issues regarding the conservation of the national heritage site, Mongchon-tosung, located within the park, gave rise to a larger discourse on heritage preservation in Seoul. Third, discussions regarding the formation of the park identity, or lack thereof, prevalent. Through this study, the 88 Seoul Olympic Park presents itself as an example where large park construction in Seoul caused discussions regarding globalization, nationalism, publicness and art to be brought forth. This paper concludes that the 88 Seoul Olympic Park is a cultural landscape that requires further examination and exploration as it provides rich historical context for understanding the history of cultural and artistic practices in Korean urban landscapes.

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참고문헌

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