Geomechanics and Engineering

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

An improved approach to evaluate the compaction compensation grouting efficiency in sandy soils

  • Xu, Xiang-Hua (Guizhou Provincial Communications Department) ;
  • Xiang, Zhou-Chen (School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Central South University Railway Campus) ;
  • Zou, Jin-Feng (School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Central South University Railway Campus) ;
  • Wang, Feng (School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Central South University Railway Campus)
  • Received : 2019.01.11
  • Accepted : 2020.02.02
  • Published : 2020.02.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

This study focuses on a prediction approach of compaction compensation grouting efficiency in sandy soil. Based on Darcy's law, assuming that the grouting volume is equal to the volume of the compressed soil, a two-dimensional calculation model of the compaction compensation grouting efficiency was improved to three-dimensional, which established a dynamic relationship between the radius of the grout body and the grouting time. The effectiveness of this approach was verified by finite element analysis. The calculation results show that the grouting efficiency decreases with time and tends to be stable. Meanwhile, it also indicates that the decrease of grouting efficiency mainly occurs in the process of grouting and will continue to decline in a short time after the completion of grouting. The prediction three-dimensional model proposed in this paper effectively complements the dynamic relationship between grouting compaction radius and grouting time, which can more accurately evaluate the grouting efficiency. It is practically significant to ensure construction safety, control grouting process, and reduce the settlement induced by tunnel excavation.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Major Project, No. Qian-ke-hezhong-da-zhuan-xiang-zi [2018]3010.

References

  1. Au, S.K.A. (2001), "Fundamental study of compensation grouting in clay.", Ph.D. Thesis, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
  2. Au, S.K.A., Bolton, M.D. and Soga, K. (2002), "Effect of multiple injection on long-term compensation grouting - laboratory and numerical studies", Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposiu, On Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Specifique, Lyon, France.
  3. Au, S.K.A., Soga, K., Jafari, M.R., Bolton, M.D. and Komiya, K. (2003), "Factors affecting long-term efficiency of compensation grouting in clays", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 129(3), 254-262. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2003)129:3(254).
  4. Bellendir, E.N., Aleksandrov, A.V., Zertsalov, M.G. and Simutin, A.N. (2016), "Building and structure protection and leveling using compensation grouting technology", Power Technol. Eng., 50(2), 142-146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs10749-016-0674-y. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10749-016-0674-y
  5. Bezuijen, A., Grotenhuis, R.T., Tol, A.F.V., Bosch, J.W. and Haasnoot, J.K. (2008), "Analytical model for fracture grouting in sand", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 137(6), 611-620. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000465.
  6. Bezuijen, A., Sanders, M.P.M., Den, D., Geodelft, H. and Tol, A.F.V. (2007), "Laboratory tests on compensation grouting, the influence of grout bleeding", Proceedings of the 33rd ITA-AITES World Tunnel Congress, Prgaue, Czech Republic, May.
  7. Bai, R.B., Zheng, G., Diao, Y., Du, Y.M. and Cheng, X.S. (2018), "Experimental study and numerical analysis of tunnel deformation control by compensation grouting", China Harbour Eng., 38(3), 24-29.
  8. Chen, G.H., Zou, J.F. and Chen, J.Q. (2019c), "Shallow tunnel face stability considering pore water pressure in non-homogeneous and anisotropic soils", Comput. Geotech., 116, 103205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103205.
  9. Chen, G.H., Zou, J.F. and Qian, Z.H. (2019a), "An improved collapse analysis mechanism for the face stability of shield tunnel in layered soils", Geomech. Eng., 17(1), 97-107. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.17.1.097.
  10. Chen, G.H., Zou, J.F., Min, Q., Guo, W.J. and Zhang, T.Z. (2019b), "Face stability analysis of a shallow square tunnel in non-homogeneous soils", Comput. Geotech., 114, 103112. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103112.
  11. Chen, R.P., Tang, L.J., Yin, X.S., Chen, Y.M. and Bian, X.C. (2015), "An improved 3D wedge-prism model for the face stability analysis of the shield tunnel in cohesionless soils", Acta Geotech., 10(5), 683-692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-014-0304-5.
  12. Dan, H. C., Zhang, Z., Liu, X. and Chen, J.Q. (2017), "Transient unsaturated flow in the drainage layer of a highway: Solution and drainage performance", Road Mater. Pavement Des., 20(3), 528-553. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2017.1397049.
  13. Dan, H.C., He, L.H. and Zhao, L.H. (2018), "Experimental investigation on the resilient response of unbound graded aggregate materials by using large-scale dynamic triaxial tests", Road Mater. Pavement Des., 21(2), 434-451. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2018.1500300.
  14. Eisa, K. (2008), "Compensation grouting in sand", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
  15. El-Kelesh, A.M., Mossaad, M.E. and Basha, I.M. (2001), "Model of compaction grouting", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(11), 955-964. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:11(955).
  16. Fan, G., Zhong, D., Yan, F. and Yue, P. (2016), "A hybrid fuzzy evaluation method for curtain grouting efficiency assessment based on an AHP method extended by D numbers", Expert Syst. Appl., 44(C), 289-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2015.09.006.
  17. Gustin E.J.G., Karim, U.F.A. and Brouwers, H.J.H. (2007), "Bleeding characteristics for viscous cement and cement-bentonite grouts", Geotechnique, 57(57), 391-395. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.57.4.391.
  18. Huang F., Zhang M., Wang F., Ling T.H. and Yang X.L. (2020), "The failure mechanism of surrounding rock around an existing shield tunnel induced by an adjacent excavation", Comput. Geotech., 117, 103236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103236.
  19. Ibrahim, E., Soubra, A.H. and Mollon, G. (2015), "Three-dimensional face stability analysis of pressurized tunnels driven in a multilayered purely frictional medium", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 49(1), 18-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.04.001.
  20. Kim, D. and Park, K. (2017), "Evaluation of the grouting in the sandy ground using bio injection material", Geomech. Eng., 12(5), 739-752. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.5.739.
  21. Lee, H.B., Oh, T.M., Park, E.S., Lee, J.W. and Kim, H.M. (2017), "Factors affecting waterproof efficiency of grouting in single rock fracture", Geomech. Eng., 12(5), 771-783. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.5.771.
  22. Li, C. and Zou, J.F. (2019), "Anisotropic elasto-plastic solutions for cavity expansion problem in saturated soil mass", Soils Found., 59(5), 1313-1323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2019.05.012.
  23. Li, C., Zou, J.F. and Li, L. (2020), "A novel approach for predicting lateral displacement caused by pile installation", Geomech. Eng., 20(2), 147-154. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.2.147.
  24. Li, C., Zou, J.F. and Si-ga, A. (2019), "Closed-Form solution for undrained cavity expansion in anisotropic soil mass based on spatially mobilized plane failure criterion", Int. J. Geomech., 19(7), 04019075. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001458.
  25. Li, T.Z. and Yang, X.L. (2020), "Stability of plane strain tunnel headings in soils with tensile strength cut-off", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 95, 103138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2019.103138.
  26. Mair, R.J., Rankin, W.J., Essler, R.D. and Chipp, P.N. (1994), "Compensation grouting", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr., 7(1), 39-41.
  27. Masini, L. (2010), "Studio sperimentale della tecnica delle iniezioni di compensazione in terreni sabbiosi e limosi", Ph.D. Thesis, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy (in Italian).
  28. Masini, L., Rampello, S. and Soga, K. (2014), "An approach to evaluate the efficiency of compensation grouting", J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 140(12), 04014073. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001180.
  29. Masini, L., Rampello, S., Viggiani, G. and Soga, K. (2011), "Experimental and numerical study of group injections in silty soils", Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Rome, Italy, May.
  30. Merkin, V., Konyukhov, D., Simutin, A. and Medvedev, G. (2016), "Stabilizing of high-altitude position of the centrifuge foundation by compensation grouting technique during underground tunneling", Procedia Eng., 165, 658-662. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.763.
  31. Pan, Q. and Dias, D. (2017), "Upper-bound analysis on the face stability of a non-circular tunnel", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 62, 96-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.11.010.
  32. Pan, Q. and Dias, D. (2018), "Three dimensional face stability of a tunnel in weak rock masses subjected to seepage forces", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 71, 555-566. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2017.11.003.
  33. Qian, Z.H., Zou, J.F., Jie, T. and Pan, Q.J. (2020), "Estimations of active and passive earth thrusts of non-homogeneous frictional soils using a discretisation technique", Comput. Geotech., 119(3), 103366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.103366.
  34. Sanders, M.P.M. (2007), "Hydraulic fracture grouting, laboratory test in sand", Ph.D. Dissertation, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands.
  35. Si, K.A. (2001), "Fundamental study of compensation grouting in clay", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K.
  36. Soga, K., Au, S.K A., Jafari, M.R. and Bolton, M.D. (2004), "Laboratory investigation of multiple grout injections into clay", Geotechnique, 54(2), 81-90. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2004.54.2.81
  37. Soga, K., Bezuijen, A. and Eisa, K. (2012), "The efficiency of compensation grouting in sands", Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Aspects of Underground Construction in Soft Ground, Rome, Italy, May.
  38. Stark, A., Pujol, R.S., Hill, N. and Kettle, C.T. (2017), "Compensation grouting - Balance between asset protection and collateral damage through the example of Crossrail C510", Geomech. Tunn., 10(5), 489-496. https://doi.org/10.1002/geot.201700034.
  39. Taylor, D.W. (1948), Fundamentals of Soil Mechanics, in Soil Science, Wolters Kluwer.
  40. Ukritchon, B., Yingchaloenkitkhajorn, K. and Keawsawasvong, S. (2017), "Three-dimensional undrained tunnel face stability in clay with a linearly increasing shear strength with depth", Comput. Geotech., 88, 146-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2017.03.013.
  41. Zhang, C., Han, K. and Zhang, D. (2015), "Face stability analysis of shallow circular tunnels in cohesive-frictional soils", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., 50, 345-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2015.08.007.
  42. Zhang, J., Li, S.C., Li, L.P., Zhang, Q.Q, Xu, Z.H, Wu, J. and He, P. (2017), "Grouting effects evaluation of water-rich faults and its engineering application in Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay Subsea Tunnel, China", Geomech. Eng., 12(1), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2017.12.1.035.
  43. Zheng, G., Zhang, X.S., Diao, Y. and Lei, H.Y. (2016), "Experimental study on the performance of compensation grouting in structured soil", Geomech. Eng., 10(3), 335-355. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2016.10.3.335.
  44. Zou, J. F., Yang, T., Ling, W., Guo, W. and Huang, F. (2019a), "A numerical stepwise approach for cavity expansion problem in strain-softening rock or soil mass", Geomech. Eng., 18(3), 225-234. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2019.18.3.225.
  45. Zou, J.F. and Zhang, P.H. (2019), "Analytical model of fully grouted bolts in pull-out tests and in situ rock masses", Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci., 113(1), 278-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.11.015.
  46. Zou, J.F. and Zuo, S.Q. (2017), "Similarity solution for the synchronous grouting of shield tunnel under the vertical non-axisymmetric displacement boundary condition", Adv. Appl. Math. Mech., 9(1), 205-232. https://doi.org/10.4208/aamm.2016.m1479.
  47. Zou, J.F., Chen, G.H. and Qian, Z.H. (2019b), "Tunnel face stability in cohesion-frictional soils considering the soil arching effect by improved failure models", Comput. Geotech., 106(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2018.10.014.
  48. Zou, J.F., Liu, S.X., Li, J.B. and Qian, Z.H. (2019c), "Face stability analysis for a shield-driven tunnel with non-linear yield criterion", Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng., 172(3), 243-254. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeen.17.00222.
  49. Zou, J.F., Sheng, Y.M. and Xia, M.Y. (2020), "A novel numerical-iterative-approach for strain-softening surrounding rock incorporating rockbolts effectiveness and hydraulic-mechanical coupling based on Three-Dimensional Hoek-Brown strength criterion", Tunn. Undergr. Sp. Technol., In Press.
  50. Zou, J.F., Wei, A. and Li, L. (2020), "Analytical solution for steady seepage and groundwat inflow into an underwater tunnel", Geomech. Eng., 20(3), 267-273. https://doi.org/10.12989/gae.2020.20.3.267.
  51. Zou, J.F., Wei, A. and Yang, T. (2018), "Elasto-plastic solution for shallow tunnel in semi-infinite space", Appl. Math. Modell., 64(12), 669-687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2018.07.049.