Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure

응용생태공학회 (Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering)
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우리나라 하천 관리에서 생물지형학의 적용과 전망

Applications and Perspectives of Fluvial Biogeomorphology in the Stream Management of South Korea

  • 김대현 (서울대학교 지리학과) ;
  • 김원 (한국건설기술연구원 국토보전연구본부) ;
  • 김은석 (광주과학기술원 지구.환경공학부) ;
  • 옥기영 (국립생태원 생태평가연구실) ;
  • 장창래 (한국교통대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 최미경 (충남대학교 국제수자원연구소) ;
  • 조강현 (인하대학교 생명과학과)
  • Kim, Daehyun (Department of Geography, Seoul National University) ;
  • Kim, Won (Department of Land, Water and Environment Research, Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology) ;
  • Kim, Eunsuk (School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology) ;
  • Ock, Giyoung (Department of Ecosystem Assessment, National Institute of Ecology) ;
  • Jang, Chang-Lae (Department of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation) ;
  • Choi, Mikyoung (International Water Resources Research Institute, Chungnam National University) ;
  • Cho, Kang-Hyun (Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University)
  • 투고 : 2019.11.11
  • 심사 : 2020.01.22
  • 발행 : 2020.03.31
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초록

하천과 홍수터 생태계에서 생물지형학 연구는 폭 넓은 시공간 차원에서 생물계와 수문-지형체계 사이의 복잡한 다중관계를 다루어 왔다. 본 총설에서는 하천에서 (1) 생물과 수문지형 조건의 다자간 관계, (2) 생물다양성과 서식처 이질성의 관계, (3) 생태계 유형에 대한 교란의 영향에 대하여 설명함으로써 하천지형생물학의 범위와 과정을 논의하였다. 시간적으로 하천의 생물지형 복합체는 지형, 선구, 생물지형 및 생태적 단계의 순서로 전환이 된다. 공간적으로 물 흐름과 유사 분포가 식생과 상호작용하여 하도 지형의 변화가 일어난다. 이렇게 형성된 하천의 공간적 이질성은 하안의 생물종다양성을 증가시킨다. 그러나 댐 하류 하천에서는 서식처 유형과 조건이 심각하게 훼손되어 생물다양성이 저하된다. 우리나라의 하천에서는 최근 국지적 교란과 전 지구적 기후변화로 하안 식생이 번무하고 특히 외래종이 빠르게 정착하고 있다. 따라서 급격한 기후변화와 인류에 의한 압박의 시대에서 하천 생물과 수문지형 조건 사이의 상호 관계를 이해하는 것이 더욱 중요할 것으로 생각된다. 이 총설에서 논의한 하천 생물지형 개념틀은 우리나라 하천의 생태적 관리와 복원에 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

In fluvial and riparian ecosystems, biogeomorphological research has considered the complex, multi-way relationships between biological and hydro-geomorphological components over a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. In this review, we discussed the scope and processes of fluvial biogeomorphology by explaining (1) the multi-lateral interactions between organisms and hydrogeomorphic conditions, (2) the relationships between biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity, and (3) the effects of disturbance on ecosystem patterns. Over time, an organism-landform complex along streams transitions in the sequences of geomorphic, pioneer, biogeomorphic, and ecological stages. Over space, water flow and sediment distributions interact with vegetation to modify channel topography. It is the habitat heterogeneity in streams that enhances riparian biodiversity. However, in the areas downstream of a dam, habitat types and conditions are substantially damaged and biodiversity should be reduced. In South Korea, riparian vegetation flourishes in general and, in particular, invasive species actively colonize in accordance with the changes in the fluvial conditions driven by local disturbances and global climate change. Therefore, the importance of understanding reciprocal relationships between living organisms and hydrogeomorphic conditions will ever increase in this era of rapid climate change and anthropogenic pressure. The fluvial biogeomorphic framework reviewed in this article will contribute to the ecological management and restoration of streams in Korea.

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