Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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Escaping Uncertainty: Elementary Students' Emotional-Cognitive Rebuttals in the Argumentation of "Why Did the Kidney Beans not Germinate?"

불확실함에서 벗어나기까지: "왜 강낭콩이 싹트지 않았을까?" 논변 활동에서 초등학생들의 정서-인지적 반박

  • Received : 2019.09.25
  • Accepted : 2020.01.20
  • Published : 2020.02.29
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Abstract

In scientific argumentation, students can use rebuttals to escape uncertainty, which, in this case, can be defined as a vague and fuzzy feeling about other students' explanations. As rebuttals can play a critical role in the sophistication of arguments and the alleviation of uncertainty, this study aims to understand the dynamics of uncertainty and rebuttals by exploring the context of the uncertainty experienced by elementary school students in the argumentation of "Why did the kidney beans not germinate?" and to get insights based on the research results. Twenty fourth-grade students and their homeroom teacher in Kyong-Ki province, South Korea, took part in the research. Students engaged in argumentation in five small groups of four students. The researcher collected qualitative data through video transcriptions, student interviews, and field notes. In the data analysis, the researcher employed the constant comparative method to explore in what context students experienced uncertainty and how they used rebuttals. The results of this study were as follows: First, students tried to reduce their uncertainty through argumentation on why the kidney beans did not germinate. Second, students used elaboration-oriented rebuttals, personal opinion-oriented rebuttals, and blame-oriented rebuttals to reduce this uncertainty. However, when they used blame-oriented rebuttals, their uncertainty and negative emotions increased. Third, intervention by the teacher led students to stop using blame-oriented rebuttals. Instead, they employed elaboration-oriented rebuttals to explore why the kidney beans would not sprout, and finally, they escaped uncertainty by discovering an appropriate explanation. Based on the findings of this study, the researcher discussed how the interaction between uncertainty and elaboration-oriented rebuttals could shape and facilitate argument development in elementary school students.

논변 활동에서 불확실함은 상대방의 설명에 대한 막연하고 애매모호한 느낌을 말하며 학생들은 그들이 경험하는 불확실함에서 벗어나기 위해 반박을 사용할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 초등학생들이 "왜 강낭콩이 싹트지 않았을까" 논변 활동에서 경험한 불확실함 맥락과 이에 따른 반박 사용이 어떠했는지를 탐색하여 불확실함과 반박 간의 역동을 이해하는 데 있다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 논변 정교화와 불확실함 감소에 중요한 역할을 할 수 있는 반박이 활발하게 나타날 수 있는 맥락을 불확실함 경험 측면에서 해석하고 설명하고자 한다. 경기도 초등학교 4학년 학생 20명 및 담임교사가 연구 참여자로 참여하였으며 학생들은 5개(남, 녀 4명으로 구성)의 소집단으로 이루어져 논변 활동에 참여하였다. 연구자는 학생들의 논변 활동이 녹화된 비디오에 대한 전사본, 학생들과의 면담, 연구자의 필드 노트를 질적 자료로 수집하였다. 자료 분석 과정에서, 지속적 반복적 비교 방법을 사용하여 학생들이 어떠한 맥락에서 불확실함을 경험하였고 이에 따른 반박 사용은 어떻게 나타났는지를 탐색하였다. 이를 통해 나타난 연구 결과는 첫째, 학생들은 "왜 강낭콩이 싹트지 않았을까?" 논변 활동에서 불확실함을 경험하였고 이 정서에서 벗어나고자 하였다. 둘째, 학생들은 이 불확실함을 줄이고자 정교화형 반박, 의견형 반박, 비난형 반박을 사용하였다. 그러나 학생들의 불확실함은 감소하지 않았으며 그들이 사용한 비난형 반박은 학생들의 부정적 정서를 높이기도 하였다. 셋째, 교사의 개입은 학생들이 비난형 반박 사용을 멈추도록 이끌었으며, 학생들은 정교화형 반박을 사용하여 강낭콩이 싹틀 수 있는 조건을 탐색하였고 "왜 강낭콩이 싹트지 않았는가?"에 대한 적절한 설명을 찾게 되면서 불확실함에서 벗어날 수 있었다. 추가적으로 연구자는 본 연구 결과를 토대로 하여 불확실함과 정교화형 반박의 상호작용이 일어나도록 하는 것이 논변 발달을 촉진할 수 있음을 논의하였다.

Keywords

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