References
- Shiozaki K, Abe S, Agematsu H, Mitarashi S, Sakiyama K, Hashimoto M, et al. Anatomical study of accessory nerve innervation relating to functional neck dissection. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65: 22-9.
- Nystrom NA, Champagne LP, Freeman M, Blix E. Surgical fasciectomy of the trapezius muscle combined with neurolysis of the Spinal accessory nerve; results and long-term follow-up in 30 consecutive cases of refractory chronic whiplash syndrome. J Brachial Plex Peripher Nerve Inj 2010; 5: 7.
- Chandawarkar RY, Cervino AL, Pennington GA. Management of iatrogenic injury to the spinal accessory nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg 2003; 111: 611-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PRS.0000041943.47622.EB
- Cappiello J, Piazza C, Giudice M, De Maria G, Nicolai P. Shoulder disability after different selective neck dissections (levels II-IV versus levels II-V): a comparative study. Laryngoscope 2005; 115: 259-63. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.mlg.0000154729.31281.da
- Restrepo CE, Tubbs RS, Spinner RJ. Expanding what is known of the anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve. Clin Anat 2015; 28: 467-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/ca.22492
- Bremner-Smith AT, Unwin AJ, Williams WW. Sensory pathways in the spinal accessory nerve. J Bone Joint Surg Br 1999; 81: 226-8. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.81B2.0810226
- Bodner G, Harpf C, Gardetto A, Kovacs P, Gruber H, Peer S, et al. Ultrasonography of the accessory nerve: normal and pathologic findings in cadavers and patients with iatrogenic accessory nerve palsy. J Ultrasound Med 2002; 21: 1159-63. https://doi.org/10.7863/jum.2002.21.10.1159
- Kessler J, Gray AT. Course of the spinal accessory nerve relative to the brachial plexus. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2007; 32: 174-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2006.12.003
- Townsley P, Ravenscroft A, Bedforth N. Ultrasound-guided spinal accessory nerve blockade in the diagnosis and management of trapezius muscle-related myofascial pain. Anaesthesia 2011; 66: 386-9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.2011.06691.x
- Canella C, Demondion X, Delebarre A, Moraux A, Cotten H, Cotten A. Anatomical study of phrenic nerve using ultrasound. Eur Radiol 2010; 20: 659-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-009-1579-z
- Li AE, Greditzer HG 4th, Melisaratos DP, Wolfe SW, Feinberg JH, Sneag DB. MRI findings of spinal accessory neuropathy. Clin Radiol 2016; 71: 316-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crad.2015.11.015
- Cappiello J, Piazza C, Nicolai P. The spinal accessory nerve in head and neck surgery. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2007; 15: 107-11. https://doi.org/10.1097/MOO.0b013e3280523ac5
- Choi CH, Choi JH, Sung CH. Positive effects of local anesthetic nerve blocks for a patient with newly developed left side spasmodic torticollis after surgical intervention of right side spasmodic torticollis - a case report. Korean J Pain 2007; 20: 246-50. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2007.20.2.246
- Ramamurthy S, Akkineni SR, Winnie AP. A simple technic for block of the spinal accessory nerve. Anesth Analg 1978; 57: 591-3. https://doi.org/10.1213/00000539-197857050-00017
- Scott PV. Asystole from tetanic stimulation of the accessory nerve. Anaesthesia 1996; 51: 1148-50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb15053.x
- Waldman SD. Atlas of interventional pain management. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, Saunders. 2009, p 103.
- Symes A, Ellis H. Variations in the surface anatomy of the spinal accessory nerve in the posterior triangle. Surg Radiol Anat 2005; 27: 404-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00276-005-0004-9
- Hagert CG, Christenson JT. Hyperpressure in the trapezius muscle associated with fibrosis. Acta Orthop Scand 1990; 61: 263-5. https://doi.org/10.3109/17453679008993514
- Jobe CM, Kropp WE, Wood VE. Spinal accessory nerve in a trapezius-splitting surgical approach. J Shoulder Elbow Surg 1996; 5: 206-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1058-2746(05)80007-2
- Ogawa R, Murakami M, Vinh VQ, Hyakusoku H. Clinical and anatomical study of superficial cervical artery flaps: retrospective study of reconstructions with 41 flaps and the feasibility of harvesting them as perforator flaps. Plast Reconstr Surg 2006; 118: 95-101.
Cited by
- Prognostic value of cervical ligamentum flavum thickness as a morphological parameter to predict cervical stenosis vol.100, pp.34, 2020, https://doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000027084