DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

독일, 덴마크, 노르웨이의 해외자격 평가인정제도 비교 분석

A Comparative Analysis of Evaluation and Recognition of Foreign Qualification in Germany, Denmark, and Norway

  • Chae, Jae-Eun (Gachon University, Department of Public Administration)
  • 투고 : 2020.01.14
  • 심사 : 2020.03.20
  • 발행 : 2020.03.28

초록

우수한 해외인적 자원의 확보와 활용은 저출산, 고령화로 인해 인구절벽 위기를 직면하고 있는 우리 사회의 중요한 과제라고 할 수 있다. 이에 따라 최근에 '외국인 고용허가, 귀화허가'와 관련된 규제들이 완화되고 있으나, 해외인재 유치에 필수적인 '해외자격 평가인정제도'의 도입에 관한 논의는 거의 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내에 해외자격 평가인정제도 구축에 필요한 지식 토대를 마련하기 위해 글로벌 차원의 해외자격평가인정제도의 도입배경과 주요 이슈를 검토하고, 해외자격 평가인정 분야의 선도 국가라고 할 수 있는 "독일, 덴마크, 노르웨이" 사례를 비교 분석하였다. 분석 결과, '평가대상, 선행학습 경험인정, 고용허가와의 연계' 등의 면에서 국가간 차이가 있지만, 3개국 모두 1997년에 제정된 유럽 자격상호인정 협약(리스본 인정 협약)에 따라 2000년대부터 해외자격 평가인정체제를 구축하고 있었다. 특히 인구 규모가 작은 노르웨이와 덴마크의 경우 해외자격 평가인정과 외국인 고용허가를 적극적으로 연계하는 특징이 있었다. 이러한 점들은 국내에서 해외자격 평가인정제도를 도입하는 데 있어 고려해야 할 점들에 대해 시사하는 바가 크다.

This study aims to provide the policy implications for the Korean government which has to attract foreign workers with higher education degrees in order to address shortage of human resources. As a way of doing this, the study has compared the foreign qualification evaluation and recognition (FQER) systems in Germany, Denmark and Norway. The results of the study reveal that the three countries are similar in that they have developed their own FQER systems according to the Lisbon Recognition Convention and has thus provided everyone with opportunities to have his/her qualifications evaluated fairly. However, there are differences in terms of the evaluation target, the recognition of prior learning and the linkage between the evaluation and employment approval for foreigners among the three countries. These cases altogether provide meaningful policy implications for the Korean government that has to develop its own FQER system in the near future.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. S. H. Hu & H. Y. Chang. (2019). Employment Trends in the Fourth industrial Revolution Era : Analysis of Hiring Trends of Autonomous Automobile Industry Related Companies. Journal of Digital Convergence, 17(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2019.17.1.001
  2. K. T. Kim. (2019). Domestic Research Trends and Cases of University Education and Operation in the Era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. Journal of Digital Convergence, 17(8), 15-26. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2019.17.8.015
  3. J. Gibson, D. McKenzie & S. Stilman. (2011). The Impacts of International Migration on Remaining Household Members: Omnibus Results from a Migration Lottery Program. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 93(4), 1297-1318. https://doi.org/10.1162/REST_a_00129
  4. OECD. (2018). Education at a Glance 2018: OECD Indicators. Paris: OECD.
  5. S. Niknami & L. Schroder. (2012). Using Bridging Courses to Make Better Use of Migrants Skills. Unpublished working paper. Stockholm : Swedish Institute of Social Research.
  6. A. Rauhvargers. (2004). Improving the Recognition of Qualifications in the Framework of the Bologna Process. European Journal of Education, 39(3), 331-347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2004.00187.x
  7. J. E. Chae & S. Y. Byoun. (2019). University Mergers in Finland and Norway and their Policy Implications. Journal of Digital Convergence, 17(8), 61-69. https://doi.org/10.14400/JDC.2019.17.8.061
  8. Statistics Korea website. (2019). http://www.index.go.kr, March 06.
  9. Q-Net website. (2019). https://www.q-net.or.kr, December 10.
  10. J. E. Chae & M. H. Kim. (2019). Research on the Establishment of Total Management System of Foreign Degrees. Seoul: National Research Foundation of Korea.
  11. Ministry of Education. (2019). The Opening of Higher Education Information Center in Korea (Press Release on April 1st, 2019).
  12. OECD. (2017). Making Integration Work: Assessment and Recognition of Foreign Qualifications. Paris: OECD.
  13. IIE. (2018). A World on the Move: Trends in Global Student Mobility. New York: IIE.
  14. UN website. (2019). https://www.un.org/ December 10.
  15. Ministry of Justice. (2019). Statistics on Korean Immigration. Ministry of Justice.
  16. European Commission. (2018). ERASMUS+ Annual Report 2017. Brussel: European Commission.
  17. D. Crosier & T. Parveva. (2013). The Bologna Process: Its impact in Europe and beyond. Paris: UNESCO.
  18. Damiani. M. S. (2019). From 1999 to 2019: 20 Years of European Debate, Development, and Achievements. Tuning Journal for Higher Education, 6(2), 51-71. https://doi.org/10.18543/tjhe-6(2)-2019pp51-71
  19. KCUE website. (2019). http://www.kcue.or.kr, November 10.
  20. OECD. (2004). Internationalisation and Trade in Higher Education: Opportunities and Challenges. Paris: OECD.
  21. A. Stella. (2006). Quality Assurance of Cross-border Higher Education. Journal of Quality in Higher Education, 12(3), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/13538320601072859
  22. A. Schuster, M, V. Desiderio & G. Urso. (2013). Recognition of Qualifications and Competences of Migrants. International Organization for Migrants. Geneva: IOM.
  23. Private Qualification Inquiry website. (2019). https://www.pqi.or.kr, December 1.
  24. MPI website. (2019). https://www.migrationpolicy.org, December 10.
  25. ZAB website. (2019). https://www.kmk.org, May 10.
  26. ANABIN website. (2019). http://www.anabin.de, May 20.
  27. Worldmeters website. (2019). https://www.Worldometers.info, October 10.
  28. DAUI. (2012). Danish legislation. Copenhagen: DAUI.
  29. MHES website. (2019). https://ufm.dk/en, December 10.
  30. ENIC-NARIC NET website. (2019). https://www.enic-naric.net, December 10.
  31. J. O. Larsen. (2012). Recognition of foreign qualifications in Denmark. BiBB, 5, 40-43.
  32. The Local dk website. (2019). https://www.thelocal.dk, December 11.
  33. NOKUT website. (2019). http://www.nokut.no/en, October 10.
  34. L. Langfeldt, L. Harvey, J. Huisman, D. Westerheijden & B. Stensaker. (2008). Evaluation of NOKUT: The Norwegian Agency for Quality Assurance in Education. Norwegian Ministry of Education.
  35. NOKUT. (2018). The Year 2018. Lysaker: NOKUT.
  36. K. O. Jang. (2018). Convergence Research on Academic Adjustment of Foreign Students. Journal of the Korea Convergence Society, 9(11), 169-177. https://doi.org/10.15207/JKCS.2018.9.11.169
  37. K. A. Jang & S. E. Heo. (2019). The Relationship between Oral Health-Related Self-Efficacy and Quality of Life According to Smoking Experience of Chinese Students in Korea. Journal of Convergence for Information Technology, 9(4), 130-138. https://doi.org/10.22156/CS4SMB.2019.9.4.130