DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Gender-Sensitive Analysis on the scale and causes of the blind spots in the employment insurance system

고용보험제도의 실질적 사각지대 규모와 원인에 대한 성별 분석

  • Kim, Hyeyoun (Department of Social Welfare, Kyunghee Cyber University)
  • 김혜연 (경희사이버대학교 사회복지학부)
  • Received : 2019.11.04
  • Accepted : 2020.03.06
  • Published : 2020.03.31

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyze the blind spots of Korea's employment insurance system from a gender perspective. The data used for this study was derived from 12th (2009) and 20th (2017) years of the Korean Labor and Income Panel Studies. Logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the causes of the blind spot. As a result, the gender gap decreased by 5% in 2017 compared to that in 2009. In the coverage of employment insurance by gender, women are more likely to join when controlling for other demographic factors. If the conditions in the labor market are the same, then women's insurance coverage is likely to be higher than that of men. The policy suggestions are as follows. The current employment insurance system has a greater impact on the labor market characteristics than the difference in the participation rate according to gender itself. The results of this study show that bridging the gender gap in the labor market is an important way of bridging the gender gap in employment insurance coverage. In the short term, the social insurance subsidy program may be effective, but policy efforts are fundamentally needed to improve the employment environment of women and low-wage workers.

이 연구는 우리나라 고용보험제도의 사각지대를 젠더 관점에서 분석하여 고용보장 측면에서 여성에게 실질적인 제도적 보장이 제공되고 있는지의 여부를 실증적으로 검토하고 이를 토대로 고용보험제도의 향후 발전방안에 대해 제언하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 분석 자료로 한국노동패널 12차년도(2009년)와 20차년도(2017년) 자료를 이용하였으며, 사각지대의 원인 분석을 위해 로지스틱 회귀분석(logistic regression)을 실시하였다. 연구결과, 고용보험의 실질적 사각지대는 2009년에 성별 격차가 10%p 이상이었으나 2017년에 5%p 정도로 감소하여 실질적 사각지대의 성별 격차는 다소 완화된 것으로 파악되었다. 고용보험 미가입 원인의 경우 다른 인구사회학적 요인들을 통제할 경우 여성의 고용보험 미가입 가능성이 남성보다 낮아, 노동시장 내 여건이 성별로 동일하다면 여성의 고용보험 가입률이 오히려 남성보다 높아질 가능성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 분석결과에 따른 정책적 제언은 다음과 같다. 현재의 고용보험제도는 성별 자체에 의한 가입률 차이보다는 노동시장 특성이 미치는 영향이 더 큰 것으로 나타나, 성별 노동시장 격차를 완화시키는 것이 고용보험 가입의 성별 격차를 완화시키는 중요한 방법이라는 점을 알 수 있다. 이를 위해 단기적으로는 현재 시행되고 있는 사회보험료 지원 사업이 효과적일 수 있으나, 근본적으로는 여성의 고용환경을 개선시키기 위한 정책적 노력과 더불어 정규직·고임금 노동자를 중심으로 한 현재의 고용보험제도가 불안정 일자리 및 저임금 노동자들을 포괄할 수 있도록 개편될 필요가 있다.

Keywords

References

  1. Korea Employment Information Service, https://eis.work.go.kr (accessed September. 30, 2018)
  2. H.N. Bang, "Policy Initiatives to Strengthen Social Safety-net for Unemployment", Health and Welfare Policy Forum, 2012, pp.25-32, 2012.
  3. H.N. Bang and J.W. Nahm, "The Exclusion from the Employment Insurance System and Policy Issues: Focused on Unemployment Benefit", Social Welfare Policy, Vol.43, No.1, pp.51-79, 2016. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15855/swp.2016.43.1.51
  4. B.H. Lee, S.T. Kang, S.M. Eun, J.Y. Jang, J.H. Do, K.C. Park, J.S. Park, Evaluation and Alternatives on the Social Insurance Blind Spot, Korea, Korea Labor Institute, 2012.
  5. http://kosis.kr
  6. Misintry of Gender Equality and Family, Basic Plan for Gender Equality Policies, 2018.
  7. D.H. Kim, "International Comparison and Policy Alternatives on Unemployment Insurance", Proceedings of the Congress of Critical Social Welfare Academy, 2014, pp. 521-536, 2014.
  8. D.H. Kim and J.J. Huh, "Reform of Employment Insurance System", Korean Public Administration Quarterly, Vol.30, No.1, pp.93-108. 2018. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.21888/KPAQ.2018.3.30.1.93
  9. H.S. Yun, "Main cause of social insurance blind spots in Korea", Women's Economic Studies, V ol.15, No.2, pp.1-22. 2018.
  10. B.B. Kim, and Y.H. Choi, "The Impact of Working Status on Poverty among the Elderly", Health and Social Welfare Review, Vol.38(1), pp.64-87, 2018. DOI: http://doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2018.38.1.64
  11. S.Y. Lee, H.j. Seo and K.E. Park, "Why are Cleaning Workers Precarous?", Korean Journal of Labor Studies, Vol. 24(2), pp.247-291.
  12. J.W. Lee, "A Study on the Problems and Improvement of Protection of Part-time Workers, Studies of Social Security Law, Vol. 32, pp.161-188.
  13. J.H. Seo and S.H. Back, "Analysis of Changes in Social Insurance Legislation and Coverage", Quarterly Journal of Labor Policy, Vol.14(3), pp.37-78, 2014. https://doi.org/10.22914/JLP.2014.14.3.002
  14. D.S. Hwang, "Employment Insurance and Policy Issues", Review of Labor Policy, 2017. 5, pp.32-39, 2017.
  15. H.J. Kang, "Legal Alternatives for Gender Equality in Employment Insurance". The Journal of labor law, Vol. 31, pp.407-432, 2014.
  16. E.H. Kim, H-L, Kim, E-K, Bae, C.S. Hong, "A Gender-sensitive Analysis on Unemployment Benefit system". Journal of Social Security, Vol.26, No.4, pp.239-264, 2010.
  17. J.S. Kim, "Unemployment Insurance Benefit and Re-employment of Female Workers in Korea", The Women's Studies. 2005.6, pp.107-135, 2005.
  18. C.S. Hong, E.H. Kim, H-L, Kim, E-K, Bae, "Gender Effect of Unemployment Benefit System in Korea", Journal of Korean Women's Studies, Vol.26, No.3, pp.31-63, 2010.
  19. A. Orloff. "Gender and the Social Rights of Citizenship: The comparative-analysis of gender relations and welfare states", American Sociological Review, Vol.58, No.3, pp.303-328, 1993. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2095903
  20. N. Fraser, "After the Wage: Gender Equity and the Welfare State", Political Theory, Vol.22, No.4, pp.591-618, 1994. https://doi.org/10.1177/0090591794022004003
  21. J. Lewis, "Gender and the Development of Welfare Regimes", Journal of European Social Policy, Vol. 2, No.3, pp.159-173, 1992. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F095892879200200301 https://doi.org/10.1177/095892879200200301
  22. D. Sainsbury, Gender and Welfare State Regimes. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 1999. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/0198294166.001.0001
  23. W. Korpi, "Faces of inequality: Gender, class, and patterns of inequalities in different types of welfare states", Social Politics, Vol.7, No.2, pp.127-191, 2000. DOI :https://doi.org/10.1093/sp/7.2.127
  24. D. Grimshaw and J. Rubery, "Workforce Heterogeneity and Unemployment Benefits: The need for policy assessment in the European Union". Journal of European Social Policy, Vol.7, No.4, pp.291-318, 1997. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177%2F095892879700700402 https://doi.org/10.1177/095892879700700402
  25. M. Latimer, "A comprehensive analysis of sex and race inequalities in Unemployment insurance benefits", Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, Vol.XXX, No.4, pp.95-122, 2003.
  26. M. Michelle, "Gender and Unemployment Insurance: why Women receive Unemployment Benefits at Lower Rates than Men and Will Unemployment Insurance Reform Close the Gender Gap", Texas Journal of Women and the Law, Vol.20, pp.55-74, 2010.
  27. M. Townson and H. Kevin, Women and the employment insurance program, Canadian Center for Policy Alternatives, 2007.
  28. E.M. Seung, "Irregular Work and Social Insurance", Proceedings of the Korean Association of Social Policy, pp.289-310, 2010.
  29. Korean Labor and Income Panel Study User's Guide. Korean Labor Institute (2017).
  30. S.W. Kim, "An Empirical Study on the Effect Mechanism of Labor Market Structure on Access to Social Insurance", Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies, Vol.40, No.2, pp.253-283, 2009. DOI : https://doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2009.40.2.253
  31. J.H. Seo and J.S. Lee, "An Causal Mechanism Analysis to the Effect of the Labor Market Structure by Industry on Precarious Work in Service Sector", Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies, Vol.46, No.5, pp.283-314, 2010. DOI: http://doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2015.46.1.283
  32. H.j. Kwon, "Atypical Employment and Exclusion from the National Pension Scheme", Journal of Applied Economics, Vol.14(2), pp.85-120, 2012.