Journal of Information Processing Systems

Korea Information Processing Society (한국정보처리학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Zero-Watermarking Algorithm in Transform Domain Based on RGB Channel and Voting Strategy

  • Zheng, Qiumei (College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum Huadong) ;
  • Liu, Nan (College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum Huadong) ;
  • Cao, Baoqin (College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum Huadong) ;
  • Wang, Fenghua (College of Computer and Communication Engineering, China University of Petroleum Huadong) ;
  • Yang, Yanan (College of Computer Science and Technology, China University of Petroleum Huadong)
  • Received : 2018.11.27
  • Accepted : 2020.05.29
  • Published : 2020.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

A zero-watermarking algorithm in transform domain based on RGB channel and voting strategy is proposed. The registration and identification of ownership have achieved copyright protection for color images. In the ownership registration, discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), and singular value decomposition (SVD) are used comprehensively because they have the characteristics of multi-resolution, energy concentration and stability, which is conducive to improving the robustness of the proposed algorithm. In order to take full advantage of the characteristics of the image, we use three channels of R, G, and B of a color image to construct three master shares, instead of using data from only one channel. Then, in order to improve security, the master share is superimposed with the copyright watermark encrypted by the owner's key to generate an ownership share. When the ownership is authenticated, copyright watermarks are extracted from the three channels of the disputed image. Then using voting decisions, the final copyright information is determined by comparing the extracted three watermarks bit by bit. Experimental results show that the proposed zero watermarking scheme is robust to conventional attacks such as JPEG compression, noise addition, filtering and tampering, and has higher stability in various common color images.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51274232, 61305008); the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province of China (No. ZR2018MEE004); and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 19CX02030A).

References

  1. H. Berghel and L. O'Gorman, "Protecting ownership rights through digital watermarking," Computer, vol. 29, no. 7, pp. 101-103, 1996. https://doi.org/10.1109/2.511977
  2. C. I. Podilchuk and E. J. Delp, "Digital watermarking: algorithms and applications," IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 33-46, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/79.939835
  3. M. Barni, F. Bartolini, I. J. Cox, J. Hernandez, and F. Perez-Gonzalez, "Digital watermarking for copyright protection: a communications perspective," IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 39, no. 8, pp. 90-91, 2001. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2001.940043
  4. X. Y. Yu, C. Y. Wang, and X. Zhou, "A hybrid transforms-based robust video zero-watermarking algorithm for resisting high efficiency video coding compression," IEEE Access, vol. 7, pp. 115708-115724, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2936134
  5. Z. Ali, M. S. Hossain, G. Muhammad, and M. Aslam, "New zero-watermarking algorithm using Hurst exponent for protection of privacy in telemedicine," IEEE Access, vol. 6, pp. 7930-7940, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2799604
  6. S. Roy and A. K. Pal, "An SVD Based location specific robust color image watermarking scheme using RDWT and Arnold scrambling," Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 98, no. 2, pp. 2223-2250, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4971-z
  7. Q. T. Su, Y. G. Niu, G. Wang, S. L. Jia, and J. Yue, "Color image blind watermarking scheme based on QR decomposition," Signal Processing, vol. 94, pp. 219-235, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2013.06.025
  8. Q. Wen, T. Sun, and S. Wang, "Concept and application of zero-watermark," Acta Electronica Sinica, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 214-216, 2003. https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:0372-2112.2003.02.015
  9. J. H. Ma and J. X. He, "A wavelet-based method of zero-watermark," Journal of Image and Graphics, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 581-585, 2007. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1006-8961.2007.04.003
  10. H. Q. Cao, H. Xiang, X. T. Li, M. Liu, S. Yi, and F. Wei, "A zero-watermarking algorithm based on DWT and chaotic modulation," in Proceedings of the SPIE 6247: Independent Component Analyses, Wavelets, Unsupervised Smart Sensors, and Neural Networks IV. Bellingham, WA: International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2006.
  11. X. Zhou, H. Zhang, and C. Wang, "A robust image watermarking technique based on DWT, APDCBT, and SVD," Symmetry, vol. 10, no. 3, article no. 77, 2018.
  12. X. L. Liu, B. J. Chen, G. Coatrieux, and H. Z. Shu, "Color image zero-watermarking based on SVD and visual cryptography in DWT domain," in Proceedings of SPIE 10225: Eighth International Conference on Graphic and Image Processing (ICGIP 2016). Bellingham, WA: International Society for Optics and Photonics, 2017.
  13. Y. Zhao and X. Wang, "Multipurpose zero watermarking algorithm for color image based on SVD and DCNN," Journal of Shandong University (Engineering Edition), vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 25-33, 2018.
  14. Y. Yu, M. Lei, X. Liu, Z. Qu, and C. Wang, "Novel zero-watermarking scheme based on DWT-DCT," China Communications, vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 122-126, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1109/CC.2016.7559084
  15. C. P. Wang, X. Y. Wang, X. J. Chen, and C. Zhang, "Robust zero-watermarking algorithm based on polar complex exponential transform and logistic mapping," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 76, no. 24, pp. 26355-26376, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-4130-7
  16. H. Y. Yang, S. R. Qi, P. P. Niu, and X. Y. Wang, "Color image zero-watermarking based on fast quaternion generic polar complex exponential transform," Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 82, pp. 115747-115763, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.image.2019.115747
  17. Y. Hu, S. A. Zhu, and D. Zhang, "A novel zero-watermark algorithm in image subspace domain," in Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation, Guangzhou, China, 2007, pp. 2744-2748.
  18. Y. R. Rao and E. Nagabhooshanam, "A novel image zero-watermarking scheme based on DWT-BN-SVD," in Proceedings of International Conference on Information Communication and Embedded Systems (ICICES), Chennai, India, 2014, pp. 1-6.
  19. D. Xiao, M. Deng, and X. Zhu, "A reversible image authentication scheme based on compressive sensing," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 74, no. 18, pp. 7729-7752, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2017-z
  20. T. Ye, "A robust zero-watermark algorithm based on singular value decomposition and discreet cosine transform," in Parallel and Distributed Computing and Networks. Heidelberg, Germany: Springer, 2011, pp. 1-8.
  21. H. Pan, G. Chen, Y. Ding and F. Li, "A zero-watermarking algorithm of color image based on SVD and DWT," Microelectronics & Computer, vol. 29, no. 5, pp. 50-53, 2012.
  22. T. Sun, W. Quan and S. Wang, "Zero-watermark watermarking for image authentication," in Proceedings of the 4th IASTED International Conference on Signal and Image Processing, Kauai, HI, 2002, pp. 503-508.
  23. M. Sui and J. B. Li, "Robust watermarking for medical images based on Arnold scrambling and DCT," Application Research of Computers, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 2552-2556, 2013.
  24. A. Rani, A. K. Bhullar, D. Dangwal, and S. Kumar, "A zero-watermarking scheme using discrete wavelet transform," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 70, pp. 603-609, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.10.046
  25. A. Rani and B. Raman, "An image copyright protection scheme by encrypting secret data with the host image," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 1027-1042, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-014-2344-0
  26. T. M. Thanh and K. Tanaka, "An image zero-watermarking algorithm based on the encryption of visual map feature with watermark information," Multimedia Tools and Applications, vol. 76, no. 11, pp. 13455-13471, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-016-3750-2
  27. Z. T. Jiang and W. Chen, "Zero-watermarking algorithm for color image based on DWT-DCT-SVD," Microelectronics & Computer, vol. 33, no. 8, pp. 107-111, 2016.
  28. X. G. Xiong, "A robust zero-watermarking algorithm for spatial domain color images," Computer Engineering and Science, vol. 39, no. 1, pp.103-110, 2017.
  29. T. M. Thanh, P. T. Hiep, T. M. Tam, and K. Tanaka, "Robust semi-blind video watermarking based on frame-patch matching," AEU-International Journal of Electronics and Communications, vol. 68, no. 10, pp. 1007-1015, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2014.05.004