References
- Champman P.J., Edwards A.C. and Cresser M.S. 2001. The nitrogen composition of streams in upland Scotland: some regional and seasonal differences. The Science of the Total Environment. 265 : 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(00)00650-1
- Cho H.S., Kim K.R., Lim G.C., Bae K.S. and Lee M.H. 2012. A study on long-term variation of BOD and COD as indicator of organic matter pollution in the Han River. Korean Journal of Limnology. 45(4) : 474-481.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2012.45.4.474
- Choi J. and Han D. 2011. Development of water quality standard for TOC as organic matter index. Seoul Studies. 12(3) : 173-184.(in Korean)
- Choi J.Y., Lee S.Y. and Kim L.H. 2009. Wash-off characteristics of NPS pollutants from forest landuse. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation. 9(4) : 129-134.(in Korean)
- Choi Y., Won C., Seo J., Shin M.H., Yang H., Lim K. and Choi J. 2009. Analysis and comparison about NPS of plane field and alpine field. Journal of Korean Society of Water Quality. 25(5) : 682-688.(in Korean)
- Chung W.J. and Chang S.W. 2016. Characteristics of storm runoff and analysis of its correlation with forest properties. Journal of Environmental Science International. 25(7) : 1007-1016.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2016.25.7.1007
- Constable T.W. and McBean E.A. 1979. BOD/TOC correlations and their application to water quality evaluation. Water Air and Soil Pollution. 11 : 363-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00296593
- Edwards A. C., Cook Y., Smart R., and Wade A. J. 2000. Concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in streams draining the mixed land-use Dee Catchment north-east Scotland. Journal of Applied Ecology. 37 : 159-170.
- Hwang S.J., Kim K., Park C., Seo W., Choi B.G., Eum H.S., Park M.H., Noh H.R., Sim Y.B. and Shin J.K. 2016. Hydro-meteorological effects on water quality variability in Paldang Reservoir, confluent area of the South-Han River-North-Han River-Gyeongan Stream Korea. Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment. 49(4) : 354-374. (in Korean) https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2016.49.4.354
- Ice G. and Binkley D. 2003. Forest streamwater concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus. Journal of Forestry. 101(1) : 21-28.
- Jeong Y., Park J.H., Kim K.H., Youn H.J. and Won H.K. 1999. Influence of forest management on the Facilitation of purifying water quality in Abies holophylla and Pinus koraiensis watershed(2). Journal of Korean Forest Society. 88(4) : 498-509.(in Korean)
- Jung Y., Kim K., Chung C., Jun J. and Yoo J. 2004. Effects of forest fire on the quantities and qualities of the streamwater in small forest catchments. Journal of Korean Forest Society. 93(7) : 446-452.(in Korean)
- Kang C.G., Lee S., Gorme J.B., Lee J.U. and Kim L. 2009. Determination of EMC and washoff characteristics of stormwater runoff from broad-leaved forest areas. Jounal of Environmental Impact Assessment. 18(6) : 393-399.(in Korean)
- Kim B., Jung S., Jang C. and Kim J.K. 2007. Comparison of BOD COD and TOC as the indicator of organic matter pollution in streams and reservoirs of Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 29(6) : 640-643.(in Korean)
- Kim G., Kim Y., Lee D., Jung H. and Yur J. 2003. Analysis and estimation of EMC loads of rainfall runoff from agricultural-forestry in Korea. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 25(6) : 760-770. (in Korean)
- Kim J.S., Kim S.J., Oh K.Y., Oh S.Y., Kim J.S. and Jung Y.H. 2003. Outflow loads of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and COD in mountain stream water. Journal of Korea Water Resource Association. 36(5) : 787-797.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2003.36.5.787
- Kim L., Ko S., Lee B. and Kim S. 2006. Estimation of pollutant EMCs and loadings in highway runoff. Korean Society of Civil Engineers. 26(2B) : 225-231.(in Korean)
- Kim S., Choi H., Park K., Cho J., Kim C. and Park C. 2018. Development of forest stream water purifying function enhancement technology. National Institute of Forest Science. (in Korean)
- Kim S., Jeong Y., Kim K., Yoo J., Jeong C. and Jun J. 2005. Change of streamwater chemistry and contribution of subsurface discharge in forest catchment during storm events. Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 7(1) : 51-56.(in Korean)
- Kim S.W., Cho Y.H., Chae M.H., Kil G.B. and Seok K.S. 2020. Characteristics of organic matters in small streams into the Daecheong Reservoir. Journal of Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology. 23(3) : 155-164.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.36278/jeaht.23.3.155
- Kwak S., Bal Dev B., Kim E., Lee C., Lee H. and Heo W. 2012. Characteristics of non-point pollution discharge on stormwater runoff from lake Doam watershed. Korean Journal of Limnology. 45(1) : 62-71.(in Korean)
- Lee C.S., Im T. and Kwon H. 2017. A study of calculation of nonpoint sources load in the Panmuncheon by precipitation. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation. 17(3) : 399-408.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2017.17.3.399
- Lee H.B., Park C.O. and Shin D.Y. 2007. The characteristics of runoff from a forest watershed with different vegetation. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers. 29(3) : 311-316.(in Korean)
- Lee J., Park S., Kim D., Lee Y.J. and Park M.J. 2012. Long-term monitoring and analysis for discharge characteristics of nonpoint source pollution by land use types in Geum River basin. Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 12(6) : 343-350.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.9798/KOSHAM.2012.12.6.343
- Lyou C., Shin Y.C., Heo S.G., Lim K.J. and Choi J.D. 2006. Characteristics of nonpoint source pollutant loads from forest watershed. The KCID Journal. 13(1) : 63-71.(in Korean)
- Lyu J.H. and Lee D.G. 2007. Inquiry of water environment in Mihocheon(Stream) - water quality monitoring focused on TOC. Journal of Korean Society of Water Quality. 23(5) : 731-739.(in Korean)
- Ma H. and Goo S. 2002. A change of the stream water quality by forest land use. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology 23(5) : 43-48.(in Korean)
- Ma H., Kang W. and Kang E. 2011. A change of stream water quality by forest type. Journal of Korean Forest Society. 100(2) : 142-148.(in Korean)
- Nieminen M. 2004. Export of f dissolved organic carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus following clear-cutting of three Norway spruce forests growing on drained peatlands in southern Finland. Silva Fennica 38(2) : 123-132
- Oregon Department of Forestry (ODF). 1994. Oregon Department of Forestry 1993 annual status report on implementation of water quality management in the Tualatin River Basin. Salem.
- Palviainen M., Finer L., Lauren A., Launiainen S., Piirainen S., Mattsson T. and Starr M. 2013. Nitrogen, phosphorus, carbon and suspended solids loads from forest clear-cutting and site preparation: long-term paired catchment studies from eastern Finland. AMBIO. 43 : 218-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-013-0439-x
- Park J. and Ma H. 1999. Stream water quality monitoring in closed valley areas for preserving stream water quality of Puk'ansan National Park. Journal of the Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Technology. 2(2) : 88-96.(in Korean)
- Park S.M. and Shin Y.K. 2011. The impact of onsoon rainfall on the water quality in the upstream watershed of Southern Han River. Korean Journal of Limnology. 44(4) : 373-384.(in Korean)
- Shin M.H., Lee Y.J., Choi J.W., Shin D.S., Cheon S.U. and Choi J. 2007. Analysis of flow-weighted mean concentration (FWMC) characteristics from rural watersheds. Journal of Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers. 49(6) : 3-9.(in Korean) https://doi.org/10.5389/KSAE.2007.49.6.003
- Shin Y. 2004. Comparison of water quality between forested and agricultural subcatchments in Daegwallyong Area. The Korean Geographlcal Society. 39(4) : 544-561.(in Korean)
- Turner B.L., Baxter R. and Whitton B.A. 2003. Nitrogen and phosphorus in soil solutions and drainage streams in Upper Teesdale, northern England: implications of organic compounds for biological nutrient limitation. The Science of the Total Environment. 314-316 : 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0048-9697(03)00101-3
- Vuorenmaa J., Forsius M. and Mannio J. 2006. Increasing trends of total organic carbon concentrations in small forest lakes in Finland from 1987 to 2003. Science of Total Environment. 365 : 47-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.02.038
- Yoon S.W., Chung S.W., Oh D.G. and Lee J.W. 2010. Monitoring of non-point source pollutant load from a mixed forest land use. Journal of Environmental Sciences. 22(6) : 801-805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1001-0742(09)60180-7
- Yur J. and Kim G. 2005. Comparison of discharge characteristics of NPS pollutant loads from urban agricultural and forestry watersheds. Journal of Korean Society of Water Quality. 21(2) : 184-189.(in Korean)
- Zhao Zhang, Takehiko Fukushima, Peijun Shi, Fulu Tao, Yuichi Onda, Takashi Gomi, Shigeru Mizugaki, Yuko Asano, Ken'ichirou Kosugi, Shinya Hiramatsu, Hikaru Kitahara, Koichiro Kuraji, Tomomi Terajima and Kazuo Matsushige. 2008. Baseflow concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus in forested headwaters in Japan. Science of The Total Environment, 402(1) : 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.04.045