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Outbreak of Fire Blight of Apple and Pear and Its Characteristics in Korea in 2019

2019년 국내 사과와 배 화상병 대발생과 그 특징

  • Ham, Hyeonheui (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Kyong Jae (Disaster Management Division, Extension Service Bureau, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Hong, Seong Jun (Disaster Management Division, Extension Service Bureau, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kong, Hyun Gi (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Mi-Hyun (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Kim, Hyun-Ran (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration) ;
  • Lee, Yong Hwan (Crop Protection Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration)
  • 함현희 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 이경재 (농촌진흥청 농촌지원국 재해대응과) ;
  • 홍성준 (농촌진흥청 농촌지원국 재해대응과) ;
  • 공현기 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 이미현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 김현란 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 작물보호과) ;
  • 이용환 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 작물보호과)
  • Received : 2020.09.28
  • Accepted : 2020.11.10
  • Published : 2020.12.31

Abstract

To find out the cause of the fire blight outbreak in apples and pears of Korea in 2019, we investigated disease appearing situation of thirty fire blight infected orchards, and interviewed farmers to determine the cultivation characteristics. Fire blight occurred mostly in orchards that had infected more than 2 years before. The cause of this were as follows: farmers did not know the symptoms of the disease properly. It is presumed that it has spread from the first occurrence to the surrounding orchards by flower-visiting insects or farmers and to a short distance or a long distance by the same cultivator or co-farmer. These series of processes repeated in the newly spreading area, and then disease reports increased as farmers became aware of fire blight. To minimize the spread of fire blight in Korea, it suggested that thorough education of farmers for early diagnosis and quantitative detection technology that can diagnose even in no symptom showing plants. And chemical or biological spraying systems suitable for domestic cultivation methods, which are producing large fruits, and molecular epidemiological studies of pathogens.

2019년 국내의 사과와 배에 화상병이 크게 발생한 원인을 파악하기 위하여 화상병 발생한 30개 과원을 대상으로 각각의 발생 상황과 농가 면담을 통해 경종적 특징 등을 조사하였다. 화상병은 이미 감염된 지 2년 이상 오래 된 과원에서 대부분 발생하였는데, 이런 원인은 (1) 농가가 병 증상을 정확히 알지 못하여 농작업과 방화곤충 등을 통해 과원 내에서 퍼지게 되고, (2) 방화곤충이나 농작업자 등에 의해 처음 발생 과원에서 주변 과수원으로 확산되었고, (3) 동일 경작자 또는 공동 농작업자에 의해 근거리 또는 원거리로 확산된 것이라고 추정할 수 있다. (4) 이런 일련의 과정이 새롭게 확산된 지역에서 반복되다가 농가들이 화상병을 알게 되면서 신고가 증가한 것이 2019년 화상병 대발생의 일련의 원인이라고 추정할 수 있었다. 국내에서 화상병 확산을 최소화하기 위해서는 조기진단을 위한 철저한 농업인 교육과 무병징 식물체에서도 화상병균 진단이 가능한 정량적 검출기술이 요구되고 있다. 또한 큰 열매를 주로 생산하는 국내 재배법에 적합한 약제방제 체계 개발이 필요하다. 화상병 방제에서 가장 중요한 가지의 궤양 증상, 묘목, 양봉장 등의 전염원 관리를 위해서 과원별 병원균의 분자역학연구를 통해 정확한 확산경로를 구명할 것을 제안한다.

Keywords

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