References
- Aiumlamai S, Fredriksson G, Nilsfors L. 1992. Real-time ultrasonography for determining the gestational age of ewes. Vet. Rec. 131:560-562.
- Amer HA. 2007. Determination of first pregnancy and foetal measurements in Egyptian Baladi goats (Capra hircus). Vet. Ital. 44:429-437.
- Amer HA. 2010. Ultrasonographic assessment of early pregnancy diagnosis, fetometry and sex determination in goats. Anim. Reprod. Sci. 117:226-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anireprosci.2009.05.015
- Anwar M, Riaz A, Ullah N, Rafiq M. 2008. Use of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in Balkhi sheep. Pak. Vet. J. 28:144-146.
- Bretzlaff K, Edwards J, Forrest D, Nuti L. 1993. Ultrasonographic determination of pregnancy in small ruminants. Vet. Med. 88:12-24.
- Doize F, Vaillancourt D, Carabin H, Belanger D. 1997. Determination of gestational age in sheep and goats using transrectal ultrasonographic measurement of placentomes. Theriogenology 48:449-460. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0093-691X(97)00254-9
- Faostat 2009. http://faostat3.fao.org/home/E.
- Fowler DG and Wilkins JF. 1984. Diagnosis of pregnancy and number of foetuses in sheep by real-time ultrasonic imaging. I. Effects of number of foetuses, stage of gestation, operator and breed of ewe on accuracy of diagnosis. Livest. Prod. Sci. 11:437-450. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(84)90055-1
- Gearhart MA, Wingfield WE, Knight AP, Smith JA, Dargatz DA, Boon JA, Stokes CA. 1988. Real-time ultrasonography for determining pregnancy status and viable fetal numbers in ewes. Theriogenology 30:323-337. https://doi.org/10.1016/0093-691X(88)90180-X
- Ghannam SA, Bosc MJ, Du Mesnil du Buisson F. 1972. Examination of vaginal epithelium of the sheep and its use in pregnancy diagnosis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 33:1175-1185.
- Gonzalez de Bulnes A, Santiago Moreno J, Lopez Sebastian A. 1998. Estimation of fetal development in Manchega dairy ewes by transrectal ultrasonographic measurements. Small Rumin. Res. 27:243-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0921-4488(97)00062-X
- Gonzalez F, Cabrera F, Batista M, Rodriguez N, Alamo D, Sulon J, Beckers JF, Gracia A. 2004. A comparison of diagnosis of pregnancy in the goat via transrectal ultrasound scanning, progesterone, and pregnancy-associated glycoprotein assays. Theriogenology 62:1108-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2003.12.009
- Grant R. 1933. Studies on the physiology of reproduction in the ewe. Trans. R. Soc. Edinburgh. 58:16-35.
- Haibel GK. 1990. Use of ultrasonography in reproductive management of sheep and goat herds. Vet. Clin. North Am. Food Anim. Pract. 6:597-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30835-5
- Leigh OO, Raheem AK, Olugbuyiro JAO. 2010. Improving the reproductive efficiency of the goat: vaginal cytology and vulvar biometry as predictors of synchronized estrus/breeding time in West African dwarf goat. Int. J. Morphol. 28:923-928.
- Matsas D. 2007. Pregnancy diagnosis in goats. In: Youngquist RS, Threlfall WR (Eds.), Current Therapy in Large Animal Theriogenology. 2nd ed, Saunders, Philadelphia, pp. 547-554.
- Ola SI, Sanni WA, Egbunike G. 2006. Exfoliative vaginal cytology during the oestrous cycle of West African dwarf goats. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 46:87-95. https://doi.org/10.1051/rnd:2005067
- Oral H, Pancarci SM, Gungor O, Kacar C. 2007. Determination of gestational age by measuring fetal heart diameter with transrectal ultrasonograph in sheep. Med. Weter. 63:1558-1560.
- Russel AJF. 1989. The application of real-time ultrasonic scanning in commercial sheep, goats and cattle production enterprises. In: Taverne MAM, Willemse AH (Eds.), Diagnostic Ultrasound and Animal Reproduction. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 73-87.
- Sharma M and Sharma N. 2016. Vaginal cytology: an historical perspective on its diagnostic use. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 4:283-288. https://doi.org/10.14737/journal.aavs/2016/4.6.283.288
- Talukder AK, Rahman MA, Hoque MN, Islam MT, Rahman ANMA, Das ZC. 2020. Conceptus-related measurements at early pregnancy in Black Bengal goat: an abattoir study. J. Anim. Reprod. Biotechnol. 35:177-182. https://doi.org/10.12750/JARB.35.2.177
- White IR, Russel AJ, Fowler DG. 1984. Real-time ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of pregnancy and the determination of fetal numbers in sheep. Vet. Rec. 115:140-143. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.115.7.140
- Zohara BF, Azizunnesa, Islam MF, Alam MGS, Bari FY. 2014. Exfoliative vaginal cytology and serum progesterone during the estrous cycle of indigenous ewes in Bangladesh. J. Emb. Trans. 29:183-188. https://doi.org/10.12750/JET.2014.29.2.183