참고문헌
- G. Yang, J. K. Seok, H. C. Kang, Y. Y. Cho, H. S. Lee, and J. Y. Lee, Skin barrier abnormalities and immune dysfunction in atopic dermatitis, Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21(8), 2867 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21082867
- J. van Smeden and J. A. Bouwstra, Stratum corneum lipids: Their role for the skin barrier function in healthy subjects and atopic dermatitis patients, Curr. Probl. Dermatol., 49, 8 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1159/000441540
- O. Pacha, B. L. Sambrano, and A. A. Hebert, Skin barrier repair in eczema: A review of current understanding of pathophysiology and treatment, Curr. Dermatol. Rep., 1, 115 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13671-012-0018-6
- T. Gavrilova, Immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, Dermatitis, 29(2), 57 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1097/der.0000000000000340
- Y. Belkaid and T. Hand, Role of the Microbiota in Immunity and inflammation, Cell, 157(1), 121 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.03.011
- T. Andoh and Y. Kuraishi, Nitric oxide enhances substance P‐induced itch‐associated responses in mice, Br. J. Pharmacol., 138(1), 202 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.bjp.0705004
- M. S. Steinhoff, B. von Mentzer, P. Geppetti, C. Pothoulakis, and N. W. Bunnett, Tachykinins and their receptors: contributions to physiological control and the mechanisms of disease, Physiol. Rev., 94(1), 265 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00031.2013
- E. M. Peters, M. E. Ericson, J. Hosoi, K. Seiffert, M. K. Hordinsky, J. C. Ansel, R. Paus, and T. E. Scholzen, Neuropeptide control mechanisms in cutaneous biology: physiological and clinical significance, J. Invest. Dermatol., 126(9), 1937 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5700429
- D. Roosterman, T. Goerge, S. W. Schneider, N. W. Bunnett, and M. Steinhoff, Neuronal control of skin function: the skin as a neuroimmunoendocrine organ, Physiol. Rev., 86(4), 1309 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00026.2005
- U. Pereira, N. Boulais, N. Lebonvallet, L. Lefeuvre, A. Gougerot, and L. Misery, Development of an in vitro coculture of primary sensitive pig neurons and keratinocytes for the study of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation, Exp. Dermatol., 19(10), 931 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0625.2010.01119.x
- C. Hosokawa, S. Takeuchi, and M. Furue, Severity scores, itch scores and plasma substance P levels in atopic dermatitis treated with standard topical therapy with oral olopatadine hydrochloride, J. Dermatol., 36(4), 185 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00621.x
- L. Misery, Atopic dermatitis and the nervous system, Clin. Rev. Allergy Immunol., 41(3), 259 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12016-010-8225-z
- U. Raap, S. Stander, and M. Metz, Pathophysiology of itch and new treatments, Curr. Opin. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 11(5), 420 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1097/ACI.0b013e32834a41c2
- S. Pavlovic, M. Daniltchenko, D. J. Tobin, E. Hagen, S. P. Hunt, B. F. Klapp, P. C. Arck, and E. M. J. Peters, Further exploring the brain-skin connection: stress worsens dermatitis via substance P-dependent neurogenic inflammation in mice, J. Invest. Dermatol., 128(2), 434 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5701079
- H. Murota and I. Katayama, Exacerbating factors of itch in atopic dermatitis, Allergol. Int., 66(1), 8 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.alit.2016.10.005
- S. Stander and T. A. Luger, NK‐1 Antagonists and itch, Handb. Exp. Pharmacol., 226, 237 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44605-8_14
- C. Zeidler and S. Stander, The pathogenesis of prurigo nodularis-'Super-Itch'in exploration, Eur. J. Pain., 20(1), 37 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.767
- H. A. Jung, S. E. Jin, J. S. Park, and J. S. Choi, Antidiabetic complications and anti-alzheimer activities of sophoflavescenol, a prenylated flavonol from Sophora flavescens, and its structure-activity relationship, Phytother. Res., 25(5), 709 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1002/ptr.3326
- J. H. Jin, J. S. Kim, S. S. Kang, K. H. Son, H. W. Chang, and H. P. Kim, Anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic activity of total flavonoids of the roots of Sophora flavescens, J. Ethnopharmacol., 127(3), 589 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.020
- H. P. Zhou, H. Lutterodt, Z. H. Cheng, and L. L. Yu, Anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of trifolirhizin, a flavonoid from Sophora flavescens roots, J. Agr. Food. Chem., 57(11), 4580 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1021/jf900340b
- C. S. Kim, S. N. Park, S. J. Ahn, Y. W. Seo, Y. J. Lee, Y. K. Lim, M. O. Freire, E. Cho, and J. K. Kook, Antimicrobial effect of sophoraflavanone G isolated from Sophora flavescens against mutans streptococci, Anaerobe, 19, 17 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2012.11.003
- M. Sun, H. Cao, L. Sun, S. Dong, Y. Bian, J. Han, L. Zhang, S. Ren, Y. Hu, C. Liu, L. Xu, and P. Liu, Antitumor activities of kushen: literature review, Evid. Based. Complement. Alternat. Med., 2012, 373219 (2012).
- T. Hasegawa, H. Shimada, T. Uchiyama, O. Ueda, M. Nakashima, and Y. Matsuoka, Dietary glucosylceramide enhances cornified envelope formation via transglutaminase expression and involucrin production, Lipids, 46(6), 529 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11745-011-3546-0
- F. Elsholz C. Harteneck, W. Muller, and K. Friedland, Calcium-a central regulator of keratinocyte differentiation in health and disease, Eur. J. Dermatol., 24(6), 650 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1684/ejd.2014.2452
- L. Baumann, Skin ageing and its treatment, J. Pathol., 211(2), 241 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1002/path.2098
- J. Ring, A. Alomar, T. Bieber, M. Deleuran, A. Fink-Wagner, C. Gelmetti, U. Gieler, J. Lipozencic, T. Luger, A. P. Oranje, T. Schafer, T. Schwennesen, S. Seidenari, D. Simon, S. Stander, G. Stingl, S. Szalai, J. C. Szepietowski, A. Taieb, T. Werfel, A. Wollenberg, and U. Darsow, European dermatology forum (EDF), European academy of dermatology and venereology (EADV), European federation of allergy (EFA), European task force on atopic dermatitis (ETFAD), European society of pediatric dermatology (ESPD), and global allergy and asthma European network (GA2LEN), guidelines for treatment of atopic eczema (atopic dermatitis) part I, J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 26(8), 1045 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2012.04635.x
- C. Lynde, K. Barber, J. Claveau, D. Gratton, V. Ho, B. Krafchik, R. Langley, D. Marcoux, E. Murray, and N. Shear, Canadian practical guide for the treatment and management of atopic dermatitis, J. Cutan. Med. Surg., 8(supple 5), 1 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10227-004-0751-y
- G. M. Turino and J. O. Cantor, Hyaluronan in respiratory injury and repair, Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care. Med., 167(9), 1169 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.200205-449PP
- S. Sakai, R. Yasuda, T. Sayo, O. Ishikawa, and S. Inoue, Hyaluronan exists in the normal stratum corneum, J. Invest. Dermatol., 114(6), 1184 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00992.x
- R. Tammi, J. A. Ripellino, R. U. Margolis, H. I. Maibach, and M. Tammi, Hyaluronate accumulation in human epidermis treated with retinoic acid in skin organ culture, J. Invest. Dermatol., 92(3), 326 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1111/1523-1747.ep12277125
- A. L. Byrd, Y. Belkaid and J. A. Segre, The human skin microbiome, Nat. Rev. Microbiol., 16(3), 143 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrmicro.2017.157
- T. Nakatsuji and R. L. Gallo, The role of the skin microbiome in atopic dermatitis, Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol., 122(3), 263 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2018.12.003
- S. Higaki, M. Morohashi, T. Yamagishi, and Y. Hasegawa, Comparative study of Staphylococci from the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and from healthy subjects, Int. J. Dermatol., 38(4), 265 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.1999.00686.x
- M. Tauber, S. Balica, C. Y. Hsu, C. Jean-Decoster, C. Lauze, D. Redoules, C. Viode, A. M. Schmitt, G. Serre, M. Simon, and C. F. Paul, Staphylococcus aureus density on lesional and nonlesional skin is strongly associated with disease severity in atopic dermatitis, J. Allergy Clin. Immunol., 137(4), 1272 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.07.052
- T. J. Guzik, M. Bzowska, A. Kasprowicz, G. Czerniawska-Mysik, K. Wójcik, D. Szmyd, T. Adamek-Guzik, and J. Pryjma, Persistent skin colonization with Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: relationship to clinical and immunological parameters, Clin. Exp. Allergy, 35(4), 448 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2005.02210.x
- H. Y Park, C. R. Kim, I. S. Huh, M. Y. Jung, E. Y. Seo, J. H. Park, D. Y. Lee, and J. M. Yang, Staphylococcus aureus colonization in acute and chronic skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis, Ann. Dermatol., 25(4), 410 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5021/ad.2013.25.4.410
- M. R. Williams and R. L. Gallo, Evidence that human skin microbiome dysbiosis promotes atopic dermatitis, J. Invest. Dermatol., 137(12), 2460 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.09.010
- P. Meylan, C. Lang, S. Mermoud, A. Johannsen, S. Norrenberg, D. Hohl, Y. Vial, G. Prod'hom, G. Greub, M. Kypriotou, and S. Christen-Zaech, Skin colonization by Staphylococcus aureus precedes the clinical diagnosis of atopic dermatitis in infancy, J. Invest. Dermatol., 137(12), 2497 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2017.07.834
- K. Iwamoto, M. Moriwaki, R. Miyake, and M. Hide, Staphylococcus aureus in atopic dermatitis: Strain-specific cell wall proteins and skin immunity, Allergol. Int., 68(3), 315 (2019).
- S. Pavlovic, M. Daniltchenko, D. J. Tobin, E. Hagen, S. P. Hunt, B. F Klapp, P. C. Arck, and E. M. J, Peters, Further exploring the brain-skin connection: stress worsens dermatitis via substance P-dependent neurogenic inflammation in mice, J. Invest. Dermatol., 128(2), 434 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.jid.5701079
- S. Pavlovic, C. Liezmann, S. M. Blois, R. Joachim, J. Kruse, N. Romani, B. F. Klapp and E. M. J. Peters, Substance P is a key mediator of stress-induced protection from allergic sensitization via modified antigen presentation, J. Immunol., 186(2), 848 (2011). https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.0903878
- J. Salomon and E. Baran, The role of selected neuropeptides in pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis, J. Eur. Acad. Dermatol. Venereol., 22(2), 223 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2007.02399.x
- K. H. Kim, K. C. Park, J. H. Chung, and H. R. Choi, The effect of substance P on peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with atopic dermatitis, J. Dermatol. Sci., 32(2), 115 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0923-1811(03)00070-7
- D. J. Gordon, L. S. Ostlere, and C. A. Holden, Neuropeptide modulation of Th1 and Th2 cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear leucocytes in atopic dermatitis and non-atopic controls, Br. J. Dermatol., 137(6), 921 (1997). https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1997.19862067.x
- X. Shi, L. Wang, J. D. Clark, and W. S. Kingerya, Keratinocytes express cytokines and nerve growth factor in response to neuropeptide activation of the ERK1/2 and JNK MAPK transcription pathways, Regul. Pept., 186, 92 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.regpep.2013.08.001
- J. Viac, A. Gueniche, J. D. Doutremepuich, U. Reichert, A. Claudy, and D. Schmitt, Substance P and keratinocyte activation markers: an in vitro approach, Arch. Dermatol. Res., 288(2), 85 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02505049
- X. He, J. Fang, L. Huang, J. Wang, and X. Huang, Sophora flavescens Ait.: Traditional usage, phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Chinese medicine, J. Ethnopharmacol., 172, 10 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.06.010
- J. L. Chang, S. P. Hu, W. Y. Wang, Y. M. Li, W. L. Zhi, S. Lu, Q. Shi, Y. Q. Wang, and Y. P. Yang, Matrine inhibits prostate cancer via activation of the unfolded protein response/endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling and reversal of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, Mol. Med. Rep., 18(1), 945 (2018).
- P. Zhao, R. Zhou, X. Y. Zhu, Y. J. Hao, N, Li, J. Wang, Y. Niu, T. Sun, Y. X. Li, and J. Q. Yu, Matrine attenuates focal cerebral ischemic injury by improving antioxidant activity and inhibiting apoptosis in mice. Int. J. Mol. Med., 36(3), 633 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3892/ijmm.2015.2260
- G. Xiao, S. Hao, Y. Fan, D. Han, Q. Linnan, G. Leying, W. Guanyi, Z. Chan, Y. Yan, W. Changming, Z. Yuan, Y, Guang, L. Qin, D. Xinzhong, Y. Lei, and T. Zongxiang, Matrine inhibits itching by lowering the activity of calcium channel, Sci. Rep., 8(1), 11328 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-28661-x
- Y. J. Niu, Q. M. Dong, and R. H. Li, Matrine regulates Th1/Th2 cytokine responses in rheumatoid arthritis by attenuating the NF-κB signaling, Cell Bio. Int., 41(6), 611 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/cbin.10763