한국수자원학회논문집 (Journal of Korea Water Resources Association)

  • 제52권11호
  • /
  • Pages.887-894
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 2799-8746(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2799-8754(eISSN)
한국수자원학회 (Korea Water Resources Association)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

CUDA fortran을 이용한 GPU 가속 운동파모형 개발

Development of GPU-accelerated kinematic wave model using CUDA fortran

  • 김보람 (서울시립대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 박선량 (서울시립대학교 토목공학과) ;
  • 김대홍 (서울시립대학교 토목공학과)
  • Kim, Boram (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Seoul) ;
  • Park, Seonryang (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Seoul) ;
  • Kim, Dae-Hong (Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Seoul)
  • 투고 : 2019.06.14
  • 심사 : 2019.10.07
  • 발행 : 2019.11.30
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

분포형 강우유출모형의 수치모의 연산시간을 단축시키기 위해 GPU(Graphic Processing Unit)를 이용한 가속 운동파모형을 개발하고 정확성과 연산속도에 대한 성능을 검토하였다. 분포형모형의 지배방정식은 운동파모형과 Green-Ampt모형으로 구성되었고, 운동파모형은 유한체적법을 이용하여 이산화 하였다. GPU 가속 운동파모형 개발을 위해 CUDA fortran을 이용하였다. 개발된 모형을 이용하여 이상적인 유역에서 발생하는 강우유출현상을 모의 하였고, 다른 모형 및 실험결과와의 비교를 통하여 개발된 GPU 가속 운동파모형이 비교적 정확하게 유출량을 계산할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 동일한 유한체적법을 이용한 CPU(Central Processing Unit) 기반의 강우유출모형과 비교할 경우, GPU 가속모형의 연산시간 단축비율은 격자의 수가 증가할수록 높아졌으며, 본 연구에 사용된 장비를 기준으로 최대 450배 정도 단축됨을 확인하였다.

We proposed a GPU (Grapic Processing Unit) accelerated kinematic wave model for rainfall runoff simulation and tested the accuracy and speed up performance of the proposed model. The governing equations are the kinematic wave equation for surface flow and the Green-Ampt model for infiltration. The kinematic wave equations were discretized using a finite volume method and CUDA fortran was used to implement the rainfall runoff model. Several numerical tests were conducted. The computed results of the GPU accelerated kinematic wave model were compared with several measured and other numerical results and reasonable agreements were observed from the comparisons. The speed up performance of the GPU accelerated model increased as the number of grids increased, achieving a maximum speed up of approximately 450 times compared to a CPU (Central Processing Unit) version, at least for the tested computing resources.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Chang, T. K., Park, J. S., and Kim, C. (2014). Efficient computation of compressible flow by higher-order method accelerated using GPU. M. d. dissertation, Seoul National University.
  2. Chung, S. Y., Park, J. H., Hur, Y. T., and Jung, K. S., (2010). "Application of Mpi technique for distributed rainfall-runoff model." Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, KWRA, Vol. 43, No. 8, pp. 747-755. https://doi.org/10.3741/JKWRA.2010.43.8.747
  3. Delestre, O., Cordier, S., James, F., and Darboux, F. (2008). "Simulation of rainwater overland-flow." In: 12th International Conference on Hyperbolic Problems, American Mathematical Society, Vol. 67, Maryland, USA, pp. 537-546.
  4. Di Giammarco, P., Todini, E., and Lamberti, P. (1996). "A conservative finite elements approach to overland flow: the control volume finite element formulation." Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 175, No. 1-4, pp. 267-291. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(95)02855-2
  5. Esteves, M., Faucher, X., Galle, S., and Vauclin, M. (2000). "Overland flow and infiltration modelling for small plots during unsteady rain: Numerical results versus observed values." Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 228, No. 3-4, pp. 265-282. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00155-4
  6. Fernandez Pato, J., Caviedes-Voullieme, D., and Garcia-Navarro, P. (2016). "Rainfall/runoff simulation with 2d full shallow water equations: Sensitivity analysis and calibration of infiltration parameters." Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 536, pp. 496-513. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.03.021
  7. Gomez Gesteira, M., Crespo, A. J., Rogers, B. D., Dalrymple, R. A., Dominguez, J. M., and Barreiro, A., (2012a). "Sphysics-development of a freesurface fluid solver-part 2: Efficiency and test cases." Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 48, pp. 300-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.02.028
  8. Gomez Gesteira, M., Rogers, B. D., Crespo, A. J., Dalrymple, R. A., Narayanaswamy, M., and Dominguez, J. M., (2012b). "Sphysics-development of a free-surface fluid solver-part 1: Theory and formulations." Computers & Geosciences, Vol. 48, pp. 289-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cageo.2012.02.029
  9. Govindaraju, R. S., Kavvas, M. L., and Tayfur, G. (1992). "A simplified model for two-dimensional overland flows." Advances in Water Resources, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 133-141. https://doi.org/10.1016/0309-1708(92)90040-9
  10. Green, W. H., and Ampt, G. (1911). "Studies on soil phyics." The Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600001441
  11. Horton, R. E. (1939). "Analysis of runoff-plat experiments with varying infiltration-capacity." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 693-711. https://doi.org/10.1029/TR020i004p00693
  12. Kim, B. R. (2019). Development of GPU-accelerated numerical model for surface and ground water flow. Ph. D. dissertation, University of Seoul.
  13. Kim, S. W., Jung, S. J., Choi, E. K., Kim, S. H., Lee, K. H., and Park, D. G. (2013a). "An Analysis of the current status of disasters occurring on the steep slopes in Korea." Journal of Environmental Science International, Vol. 22, No. 11, pp. 1529-1538. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2013.22.11.1529
  14. Kim, Y. T., Lee, Y. L., and Chung, K. Y. (2013b). "WRF physics models using GP-GPUs with CUDA fortran." Korean Meteorological Society, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp. 231-235.
  15. Liu, Q., Chen, L., Li, J., and Singh, V. (2004). "Two-dimensional kinematic wave model of overland-flow." Journal of Hydrology, Vol. 291, No. 1-2, pp. 28-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.12.023
  16. Mein, R. G., and Larson, C. L. (1973). "Modeling infiltration during a steady rain." Water Resources Research, Vol. 9, No. 2, pp. 384-394. https://doi.org/10.1029/WR009i002p00384
  17. NVIDIA (2011). Cuda c programming guide version 4.0. NVIDIA Corporation 4. USA.
  18. Park, J. H., Kang, B. S., Lee, G. S., and Lee, E. R. (2007). "Flood runoff analysis using radar rainfall and vflo model for Namgang Dam watershed." Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 13-21.
  19. Rousseau, M., Cerdan, O., Delestre, O., Dupros, F., James, F., and Cordier, S. (2015). "Overland flow modeling with the shallow water equations using a well-balanced numerical scheme: Better predictions or just more complexity." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, Vol. 20, No. 10, p. 04015012. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HE.1943-5584.0001171
  20. Ruetsch, G., and Fatica, M. (2013). CUDA Fortran for scientists and engineers: best practices for efficient CUDA Fortran programming. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
  21. Tayfur, G., and Kavvas, M. L. (1994). "Spatially averaged conservation equations for interacting rill-interrill area overland flows." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, Vol. 120, No. 12, pp. 1426-1448. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1994)120:12(1426)
  22. Vanderbauwhede, W., and Takemi, T., (2013). "An investigation into the feasibility and benefits of gpu/multicore acceleration of the weather research and forecasting model." In: 2013 International Conference on High Performance Computing & Simulation (HPCS), IEEE, Helsinki, Finland, pp. 482-489.