Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society (한국지반환경공학회 논문집)

Korean Geo-Environmental Society (한국지반환경공학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Landuse and Landcover Change and the Impacts on Soil Carbon Storage on the Bagmati Basin of Nepal

  • Bastola, Shiksha (Department of Disaster Prevention and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Lim, Kyuong Jae (Department of Regional Infrastructure Engineering, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Yang, Jae Eui (Department of Biological Environment, Kangwon National University) ;
  • Shin, Yongchul (Department of Agricultural Civil Engineering, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Jung, Younghun (Department of Disaster Prevention and Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
  • Received : 2019.10.27
  • Accepted : 2019.11.12
  • Published : 2019.12.01
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

The upsurge of population, internal migration, economic activities and developmental works has brought significant land use and land cover (LULC) change over the period of 1990 and 2010 in the Bagmati basin of Nepal. Along with alteration on various other ecosystem services like water yield, water quality, soil loss etc. carbon sequestration is also altered. This study thus primary deals with evaluation of LULC change and its impact on the soil carbon storage for the period 1990 to 2010. For the evaluation, InVEST (Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs) Carbon model is used. Residential and several other infrastructural development activities were prevalent on the study period and as a result in 2010 major soil carbon reserve like forest area is decreased by 7.17% of its original coverage in 1990. This decrement has brought about a subsequent decrement of 1.39 million tons of carbon in the basin. Conversion from barren land, water bodies and built up areas to higher carbon reserve like forest and agriculture land has slightly increased soil carbon storage but still, net reduction is higher. Thus, the spatial output of the model in the form of maps is expected to help in decision making for future land use planning and for restoration policies.

Keywords

References

  1. Aalde, H., Gonzalez, P., Gytarsky, M., Krug, T., Kurz, W. A., Lasco, R. D., Martino, D. L., McConkey, B. G., Ogle, S., Paustian, K., Raison, J., Ravindranath, R. H., Schoene, D., Smith, P., Somogyi, Z., Amstel, A. and Verchot, L. (2006), Generic methodologies applicable to multiple land-use categories. In:IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories.
  2. Baccini, A., Goetz, S. J., Walker, W. S., Laporte, N. T., Sun, M., Sulla-Menashe, D., Hackler, J. L., Beck, P. S., Dubayah, R., Friedl, M. A., Samanta, S. and Houghton, R. A. (2012), Estimated carbon dioxide emissions from tropical deforestation improved by carbon-density maps, Nature Climate Change, Vol. 2, No. 3, pp. 182-185. https://doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1354
  3. Bastola, S., Seong, Y. J., Lee, S. H. and Jung, Y. (2019), Water yield estimation of the Bagmati basin of Nepal using GIS based InVEST model, Journal of Korea Water Resources Association, Vol. 52, No. 9, pp. 637-645. https://doi.org/10.3741/jkwra.2019.52.9.637
  4. Bastola, S., Seong, Y. J., Lee, S. H., Shin, Y. and Jung, Y. (2018), Assessment of soil erosion loss by using RUSLE and GIS in the Bagmati basin of Nepal, Journal of Korean Geotechnical Society, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 5-14.
  5. Chun, J., Kim, C. K., Kang, W., Park, H., Kim, G. and Lee, W. K. (2019), Sustainable management of carbon sequestration service in the areas with high development pressure: Considering land use changes and carbon costs, Sustainability, Vol. 11, No. 8, pp. 5116. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11185116
  6. Davids, J. C., Rutten, M. M., Shah, RDT., Shah, D. N., Devkota, N., Izebound, P., Pandey, A. and Giesen N, V.D. (2018), Quantifying the connections-linkages between land-use and water in the Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, Vol. 190, No. 5, pp. 304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-018-6687-2
  7. FAO. (2012), Soil carbon monitoring using surveys and modelling General description and application in the United Republic of Tanzania, FAO Forestry Paper, Vol. 168, Rome, Italy.
  8. FAO. (2017), Soil Organic Carbon: the hidden potential. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Rome, Italy.
  9. Goldstein, J. H., Caldarone, G., Duarte, T. K., Ennaanay, D., Hannahs, N., Mendoza, G., Polasky, S., Wolny, S. and Daily, G. C. (2012), Integrating ecosystem service tradeoffs into landuse decisions. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences, USA, Vol. 109, No. 19, pp. 7565-7570. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1201040109
  10. Guo, L. B. and Gifford, R.M. (2002), Soil carbon stocks and land use change: a meta-analysis, Global Change Biology, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 345-360. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2002.00486.x
  11. Harris, N. L., Brown, S., Hagen, S. C., Saatchi, S. S., Petrova, S., Salas, W., Hansen, M. C., Potapov, P. V. and Lotsch, A. (2012), Baseline map of carbon emissions from deforestation in tropical regions, Science, Vol. 336, No. 6088, pp. 1573-1576. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1217962
  12. IPCC Climate Change 2007. (2007), Synthesis Report, Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland.
  13. Johnson, D. W. and Henderson, P. (1995), Effects of forest management and elevated carbon dioxide on soil carbon storage. In: Soil Management and the Greenhouse Effect, Lewis Publishers, London, pp. 137-145.
  14. Lal, R. (2004), Soil carbon sequestration impacts on global climate change and food security, Science, Vol. 304, pp. 1623-1627. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1097396
  15. Liang, Y., Liu, L. and Huang, J. (2017), Integrating the SDCLUE-S and InVEST models into assessment of oasis carbon storage in northwestern China, PLoS ONE, Vol. 12, No. 2.
  16. MEA. (2005), Millennium Ecosystem Assessment. Ecosystems and Human Well-Being: Synthesis; Island Press: Washington, DC, USA, pp. 1-137.
  17. Murty, D., Kirschbaum, M. U. F., McMurtrie, R. E. and McGilvray, H. (2002), Does conversion of forest to agricultural land change soil carbon and nitrogen? A review of the literature, Global Change Biology, Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 105-123 https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1354-1013.2001.00459.x
  18. Post, W.M. and Kwon, K. C. (2000), Soil carbon sequestration and land-use change: processes and potential, Global Change Biology, Vol. 6, No. 3, pp. 317-327. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.2000.00308.x
  19. Ruesch, A. and Holly, K. G. (2008), New IPCC Tier-1 Global Biomass Carbon Map for the Year 2000. Available online from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center [http://cdiac. ess-dive.lbl.gov], Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. USA.
  20. Saatchi, S. S., Harris, N. L., Brown, S., Lefsky, M., Mitchard, E. T., Salas, W., Zutta, B. R., Buermann, W., Lewis, S. L., Hagen, S., Petrova, S., White, L., Silman, M. and Morel, A. (2011), Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents. Proceedings of National Academy of Sciences USA, Vol. 108, No. 24, pp. 9899-9904. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1019576108
  21. Scharlemann, J. PW., Tanner, E. VJ., Hiederer, R. and Kapos, V. (2014), Global soil carbon: understanding and managing the largest terrestrial carbon pool, Carbon Management, Vol. 5, No. 1, pp. 81-91. https://doi.org/10.4155/cmt.13.77
  22. Sharp, R., Tallis, H. T., Ricketts, T., Guerry, A. D., Wood, S. A., Chaplin-Kramer, R., Nelson, E., Ennaanay, D., Wolny, S., Olwero, N., Vigerstol, K., Pennington, D., Mendoza, G., Aukema, J., Foster, J., Forrest, J., Cameron, D., Arkema, K., Lonsdorf, E., Kennedy, C., Verutes, G., Kim, C. K., Guannel, G., Papenfus, M., Toft, J., Marsik, M., Bernhardt, J., Griffin, R., Glowinski, K., Chaumont, N., Perelman, A., Lacayo, M. Mandle, L., Hamel, P., Vogl, A. L., Rogers, L., Bierbower, W., Denu, D. and Douglass, J. (2018), InVEST 3.6.0 User's Guide. The Natural Capital Project, Stanford, CA, USA.
  23. United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), Green Vehicle Guide, accessed from https://www.epa.gov/greenvehicles/greenhouse-gas-emissions-typical-passenger-vehicle, accessed on November 11, 2019.
  24. Vagen, T. G., Lal, R. and Singh, B. R. (2005), Soil carbon sequestration in sub-Saharan Africa: a review, Land Degradation & Development, Vol. 16, No. 1, pp. 53-71. https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.644
  25. Vicente-Vicente, J. L., Fuss, S., Song, C., Lee, J., Kim, M., Lee, W.-K. and Son, Y. (2019), A Holistic View of Soils in Delivering Ecosystem Services in Forests: A Case Study in South Korea., Forests, Vol. 10, No. 6, pp. 487. https://doi.org/10.3390/f10060487