창업가의 역량이 기업성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 메타분석

Entrepreneurs' Competencies and Business Performance: A Meta-Analysis

  • 이혜영 (창업진흥원 조사연구실) ;
  • 김진수 (중앙대학교 경영경제대학)
  • 투고 : 2019.05.18
  • 심사 : 2019.10.07
  • 발행 : 2019.10.31

초록

본 연구의 목적은 기업의 성공과 실패를 좌우하는 결정요인으로 제시되고 있는 창업가 역량과 기업성과 간의 관계를 고찰한 기존의 실증연구들을 체계적으로 통합하여 향후 연구에 이론적 기초를 제공하는 데 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구에서 창업가 역량과 기업성과 간의 관계를 고찰한 실증분석 결과가 혼재되어 있음에 따라, 메타분석 방법론을 통해 개별 연구에서 도출된 상이한 결과를 표준화된 통계치로 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 본 연구에서는 선행연구의 이론적 고찰을 통해 기업성과에 영향을 미치는 주요 창업가 역량으로 기회인식 역량, 관리적 역량, 기술적 역량, 전략적 역량, 그리고 관계 역량을 선정하고 가설을 설정하였다. 다음으로 메타분석 수행 절차에 따라 15개의 연구를 최종 분석 데이터로 선정하고, 오픈소스 기반의 통계 프로그램인 R을 활용하여 메타분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 창업가의 기회인식 역량, 관리적 역량, 기술적 역량, 전략적 역량, 그리고 관계 역량은 기업성과를 유의하게 향상시키는 요인임이 확인되었다. 또한, 각 역량요인들은 기업성과에 모두 중간정도의 효과크기를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 변수 중 기업성과에 대한 효과크기가 가장 큰 역량은 전략적 역량이며, 그 다음으로 기회인식 역량, 관리적 역량, 기술적 역량, 그리고 관계 역량순으로 효과크기가 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 아직까지 창업가 역량과 기업성과 간의 관계를 메타분석을 통해 살펴본 연구는 국내에 부재한 실정으로, 본 연구의 결과를 통해 향후 연구의 이론적 기초를 발전시키는데 있어서 시사점을 제공할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

The purpose of this study is to provide a theoretical basis for future studies by systematically integrating existing empirical studies that examine the relationship between the entrepreneurs' competencies and business performance. As the results of empirical studies examining the relationship between the entrepreneurs' competencies and business performance are mixed, this study tries to derive different results from individual studies through meta-analysis into standardized statistics(effect sizes). To accomplish the purpose, this study developed hypotheses about the positive effects of the entrepreneurial competencies including opportunity recognition competency, managerial competency, technical-functional competency, strategic competency, and relationship competencies on the business performance through theoretical reviews of the literature. Also, this study conducted meta-analysis with 15 sample data using open source based statistical program 'R'. The results of this study are as follows. The opportunity recognition competency, managerial competency, technical-functional competency, strategic competency, and relationship competency were found to significantly affect financial business performance. Also, each of the factors had a moderate effect size on the performance. Among these competencies, the most effective factor was the strategic competency, followed by the opportunity recognition competency, technical-functional competency, and relationship competency. There is still no study using meta-analysis on the relationship between the entrepreneurs' competencies and business performance in South Korea. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to provide implications for developing the theoretical basis of future studies.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Ahmad, N. H.(2007). Cross cultural study of entrepreneurial competencies and entrepreneurial success in SMEs in Australia and Malaysia. Doctoral dissertation, The University of Adelaide.
  2. Ahmad, N. H., Ramayah, T., Wilson, C., & Kummerow, L.(2010). Is entrepreneurial competency and business success relationship contingent upon business environment? A study of Malaysian SMEs. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 16(3), 182-203. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551011042780
  3. Barazandeh, M., Parvizian, K., Alizadeh, M., & Khosravi, S.(2015). Investigating the effect of entrepreneurial competencies on business performance among early stage entrepreneurs, Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM 2010 survey data). Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 5(1), 18. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-015-0037-4
  4. Baum, J. R., Locke, E. A., & Smith, K. G.(2001). A multidimensional model of venture growth. Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 292-303. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069456
  5. Bird, B.(1995). Towards a theory of entrepreneurial competency. Advances in Entrepreneurship, Firm Emergence and Growth, 2(1), 51-72.
  6. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P., & Rothstein, H. R.(2009). Introduction to meta-analysis. Chichester, John Wiley & Sons.
  7. Brush, C. G., Greene, P. G., & Hart, M. M.(2001). From initial idea to unique advantage: The entrepreneurial challenge of constructing a resource base. The Academy of Management Executive, 15(1), 64-78.
  8. Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H.(1993). Measuring the performance of emerging businesses: A validation study. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(5), 391-408. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(93)90021-V
  9. Chandler, G. N., & Hanks, S. H.(1994). Founder competence, the environment, and venture performance. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 18(3), 77-90. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225879401800306
  10. Chandler, G. N., & Jansen, E.(1992). The founder's self-assessed competence and venture performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 7(3), 223-236. https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-9026(92)90028-P
  11. Chen, M. H., & Chang, Y. Y.(2013). The impacts of human capital in enhancing new venture's performance: Competence, motivation and creativity. Journal of Knowledge-based Innovation in China, 5(2), 146-168. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKIC-06-2013-0011
  12. Chung, J. H.(2010). A study on the effect of the entrepreneurship and competency on management performance. Master's Thesis, Chung-Ang University.
  13. Cohen, J.(1988). Statistical power for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
  14. Colombo, M. G., & Grilli, L.(2005). Founders' human capital and the growth of new technology-based firms: A competence-based view. Research Policy, 34(6), 795-816. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2005.03.010
  15. Cooper, H.(1998). Synthesizing research: A guide for literature reviews (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  16. Dainty, A. R., Cheng, M. I., & Moore, D. R.(2004). A competency‐based performance model for construction project managers. Construction Management and Economics, 22(8), 877-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144619042000202726
  17. Gilbert, B. A., McDougall, P. P., & Audretsch, D. B.(2006). New venture growth: A review and extension. Journal of Management. 32(6), 926-950. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306293860
  18. Glass, G. V.(1976). Primary, secondary, and meta-analysis of research. Educational Researcher, 5, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X005010003
  19. Grant, R. M.(1991). The resource-based theory of competitive advantage: implications for strategy formulation. California Management Review, 33(3), 114-135. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166664
  20. Herron, L. A., & Robinson Jr, R. B.(1990). Entrepreneurial skills: An empirical study of the missing link connecting the entrepreneur with venture performance. In National Academy of Management Meeting, San Francisco, CA.
  21. Higgins, J., & Green, S.(Eds.)(2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5,1.0. The Cochrane Collaboration, Retrieved from http://handbook.cochrane.org.
  22. Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L.(1990). Methods of meta-Analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
  23. Hunter, J. E., & Schmidt, F. L.(2004). Methods of meta-Analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
  24. Hwang, S. D.(2015). Understanding of Meta-analysis. Seoul: Hakjisa.
  25. Kaur, H., & Bains, A.(2013). Understanding the concept of entrepreneur competency. Journal of Business Management & Social Sciences Research, 2(11).
  26. Kelley, D., & Marram, E.(2010). Beyond start‐up: Developing and sustaining the growing organization. The Portable MBA in Entrepreneurship(4th ed.), 355-383.
  27. Kim, B. K., & Jung, C. Y.(2013). A meta-analysis on the studies of factors affecting career success and moderating effect of gender of employees in corporations. Journal of Agricultural Education and Human Resource Development, 45(2), 123-148. https://doi.org/10.23840/agehrd.2013.45.2.123
  28. Kim, C. K., Lee, C. S., & Kim, J. S.(2014). Analysis of factors influencing the early performance oftechnology-based start-ups. Corporation Management of Academy Journal, 57, 63-86. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0641
  29. Kim, K. S(20015). A study on the effects of venture entrepreneurs' competence in their business performances. Doctoral dissertation, Kon-Kuk University.
  30. Le Deist, F. D., & Winterton, J.(2005). What is competence?. Human Resource Development International, 8(1), 27-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367886042000338227
  31. Lee, D. H.(2016). The effects of psychological characteristics and competency characteristics on performance for start-up: Moderating effect of start-up consulting of consulting support program for small and medium-sized businesses. Master's Thesis, Han-Bat University.
  32. Lee, H. Y., & Kim, J. S.(2017). The impacts of entrepreneurs' and entrepreneurial teams' competency on performance of new technology-based startups. Journal of the Korean Entrepreneurship Socieity, 12, 31-56. https://doi.org/10.24878/tkes.2017.12.2.031
  33. Lee, H. Y., & Kim, J. S.(2018). A study on the entrepreneurial competency model in early-andlate-stage technology-based ventures. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship, 13(4), 99-116.
  34. Lee, I. W.(2009). An empirical study on the technological-orientation & market-orientation ofstartup enterprises an their effect on managerial performance. Doctoral dissertation, Kyunghee University
  35. Lim, A. R., Kim, H. C., & Kim, K. P(2015). The effect of youth entrepreneurs' competence on entrepreneurialbehavior and entrepreneurial performance. Korean Management Consulting Review, 15(3), 143-154.
  36. Man, T. W.(2001). Entrepreneurial competencies and the performance of small and medium enterprises in the Hong Kong services sector. Doctoral dissertation, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University.
  37. Man, T. W., Lau, T., & Chan, K. F.(2002). The competitiveness of small and medium enterprises: A conceptualization with focus on entrepreneurial competencies. Journal of Business Venturing, 17(2), 123-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(00)00058-6
  38. Man, T. W., Lau, T., & Snape, E.(2008). Entrepreneurial competencies and the performance of small and medium enterprises: An investigation through a framework of competitiveness. Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship, 21(3), 257-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2008.10593424
  39. Masurel, E., & Van Montfort, C. A. G. M.(2003). SME Innovation and the Crucial Role of the Entrepreneur.
  40. Morris, M. H., Webb, J. W., Fu, J., & Singhal, S.(2013), A competency‐based perspective on entrepreneurship education: Conceptual and empirical insights. Journal of Small Business Management, 51(3), 352-369. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12023
  41. Sadler-Smith, E., Hampson, Y., Chaston, I., & Badger, B.(2003). Managerial behavior, entrepreneurial style, and small firm performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 41(1), 47-67. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-627X.00066
  42. Snell, R., & Lau, A.(1994). Exploring local competences salient for expanding small businesses. Journal of Management Development, 13(4), 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1108/02621719410057032
  43. Song, M., Podoynitsyna, K., Van Der Bij, H., & Halman, J. I.(2008). Success factors in new ventures: A meta-analysis. Journal of Product Innovation Management, 25(1), 7-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5885.2007.00280.x
  44. Tehseen, S., & Ramayah, T.(2015). Entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs business success: The contingent role of external integration, Mediterranean. Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 50. https://doi.org/10.3844/jssp.2010.50.54
  45. Yu, T. F. L.(2001). Entrepreneurial alertness and discovery. The Review of Austrian Economics, 14(1), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007855505727
  46. Yu, R. H.(2016). A study on the effect of SME CEO's competencies on corporate performance. Doctoraldissertation, Kyong-Gi University.
  47. Yu, T. F. L.(2001). Entrepreneurial alertness and discovery. The Review of Austrian Economics, 14(1), 47-63. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1007855505727
  48. Yun, J. R., & Kim, H. C.(2009). The effect of entrepreneurs characteristics and differentiation strategy onperformance of venture business. Korea Journal of Business Administration, 22(6), 3693-3721.
  49. Zhao, J. J.(2016). The effect of Chinese young entrepreneurs' competence on entrepreneurial success: A mediating role of entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Master's Thesis, Busan University.