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영주댐 담수 이후 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집변화

Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Changes after Impoundment of Yeongju dam in Korea

  • 안채희 (상지대학교 대학원 생명과학과) ;
  • 한중수 (상지대학교 대학원 생명과학과) ;
  • 최준길 (상지대학교 생명과학과) ;
  • 이황구 (상지대학교 생명과학과)
  • An, Chae-Hui (Dept. of Biological Science, Graduate School, Sangji Univ.) ;
  • Han, Jung-Soo (Dept. of Biological Science, Graduate School, Sangji Univ.) ;
  • Choi, Jun-Kil (Dept. of Biological Science, Sangji Univ.) ;
  • Lee, Hwang-Goo (Dept. of Biological Science, Sangji Univ.)
  • 투고 : 2019.07.26
  • 심사 : 2019.09.25
  • 발행 : 2019.10.31

초록

본 연구는 경상북도 영주시에 위치한 영주댐의 담수 이전과 이후의 자료를 비교 분석하여 인위적인 교란의 영향을 파악하고자 하였다. 조사시기는 2018년 4월부터 10월까지 총 4회 조사를 실시하였으며, 조사지점은 유사조절지(모래차단댐) 하류부터 영주댐 하류까지 총 4개의 지점을 선정하였다. 담수 이전의 자료는 문헌을 인용하여 분석하였다. 저서성 대형무척추동물은 총 3문 7강 14목 48과 77종 35,037개체/$m^2$가 출현하였다. 군집분석 결과 우점도지수는 0.44(${\pm}0.11$)에서 0.62(${\pm}0.16$), 다양도지수는 2.26(${\pm}0.30$)에서 1.75(${\pm}0.45$), 균등도지수는 0.75(${\pm}0.10$)에서 0.66(${\pm}0.14$), 풍부도지수는 3.11(${\pm}0.98$)에서 2.25(${\pm}0.81$)로 나타났으며, 우점종은 대부분 줄날도래류(Hydropsychidae spp.)에서 깔따구류(Chironomidae sp.)로 변화하였다. PCA 분석 결과 Axis 1을 기준으로 2014년 지점과 줄날도래류는 음의 값을 나타내었으며, 2018년 지점과 깔따구류는 양의 값을 나타내었다. 모든지점에서 우점도지수는 증가하고 다양도지수는 감소하였으며, St. 2에서 군집변화가 가장 큰 것으로 분석되었다. 기능군 분석 결과 섭석기능군은 긁어먹는무리(Scrapers)가 감소하고 주워먹는무리(Gathering-Collectors)는 증가하였으며, 서식기능군은 붙는무리(Clingers)가 감소하고 굴파는무리(Burrowers)는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 저서동물 하천하상지수(BMSI) 분석 결과 평균 57.1(${\pm}8.0$, C 등급)에서 평균 30.0(${\pm}12.1$, C 등급)으로 감소하였으며, 특히 St. 3과 St. 4는 감소율이 높은 것으로 나타났다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of artificial disturbance by analyzing and comparing the survey data of the Yeongju dam located in Yeongju-si, Gyeongbuk before and after impoundment. We surveyed four sites between the downstream of sediment control to the downstream of Yeongju Dam four times between April and October 2018. The macroinvertebrate data before the survey were gathered from the literature. The total number of benthic macroinvertebrates we observed was $35,037ind./m^2$, including 77 species, 48 families, 14 orders, 7 classes, and 3 phyla. The result of the community analysis showed that the dominant index increased from 0.44(${\pm}0.11$) before impoundment to 0.62(${\pm}0.16$) after impoundment. The diversity index increased from 2.26(${\pm}0.30$) to 1.75(${\pm}0.45$), the evenness index from 0.75(${\pm}0.10$) to 0.66(${\pm}0.14$), and the richness index from 3.11(${\pm}0.98$) to 2.25(${\pm}0.81$). The most dominant species changed from Hydropsychidae spp. to Chironomidae sp. The result of the Principal Components Analysis (PCA) based on Axis 1 showed that the sites of 2014 and Hydropsychidae spp. had a negative value, while the sites of 2018 and Chironomidae sp. had a positive value. In all study sites, the dominance increased while the diversity decreased. The community change was the largest in St. 2. The results of the functional group analysis showed that the scrapers increased while gathering-collectors increased among the functional feeding group and that the clingers decreased while borrows increased among the habitat oriented group. The Benthic Macroinvertebrate Streambed Index (BMSI) decreased from an average of 57.1(${\pm}8.0$, C class) to an average of 30.0(${\pm}12.1$, C class). St. 3 and St. 4, in particular, showed a high reduction rate.

키워드

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