Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment (생태와환경)

The Korean Society of Limnology (한국수생태학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Variation of Primary Productivity and Phytoplankton Community in the Weirs of Mid and Downstream of the Nakdong River during Fall and Early Winter: Application of Phytoplankton Pigments and CHEMTAX

추계-동계 낙동강 중 하류 보 구간 일차생산력 및 식물플랑크톤 군집조성 변화: 식물플랑크톤 색소와 CHEMTAX 활용

  • Choi, Jisoo (Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University) ;
  • Min, Jun Oh (Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University) ;
  • Choi, Bohyung (Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University) ;
  • Kang, Jae Joong (Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University) ;
  • Choi, Kwangsoon (K-water Institute) ;
  • Lee, Sang Heon (Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University) ;
  • Shin, Kyung Hoon (Department of Marine Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University)
  • Received : 2019.06.11
  • Accepted : 2019.06.22
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Phytoplankton is one of the important primary producers providing organic matter through photosynthesis in aquatic environments. In order to determine a temporal and spatial variation in primary productivity after weir construction in the Nakdong River, we investigated carbon uptake rates using in-situ $^{13}C$ labeling experiments and identified algal communities contributing to primary productivity using HPLC-CHEMTAX analysis from October to December, 2017. The primary productivity gradually decreased from fall to early winter season ($249{\sim}933mgC\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ in October, $64{\sim}536mgC\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ in November and $60{\sim}274mgC\;m^{-2}d^{-1}$ in December, respectively). This is attributed to the temporally declining light intensity and the decreasing biomass and physiological activity of phytoplankton in winter. The contribution of diatoms to the phytoplankton community in the Nakdong River was approximately 63% at all the sampling sites and seasons, while the contribution of cryptophytes increased from 9% in October to 32% in November and December. The temporal changes in the primary productivity and the dominant phytoplankton species in the mid and downstream weirs of the Nakdong River was investigated for the first time, after construction of the weirs, and major environmental factors controlling the temporal variation in primary productivity and phytoplankton communities were identified in this study. We suggest that seasonal field investigations will provide further information on the major environmental factors which affect the annual variation of primary productivity and phytoplankton communities.

지구 온난화에 따른 기온 상승, 보나 댐의 건설로 인한 체류시간의 변화는 식물플랑크톤의 이상증식을 일으키며 이로 인한 수계의 부영양화, 녹조 현상은 상수원 수질 악화에 영향을 미쳐 심각한 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구와 같이 일차생산력과 환경요인들의 상관관계를 확인하는 것은 일차생산력의 조절인자 파악에 매우 효과적이다. 또한 HPLC-CHEMTAX 분석 방법은 간편하며 짧은 시간 안에 식물플랑크톤의 색소 비 값을 기반으로 각 군집의 상대적인 기여도 추정이 가능하다. 이러한 연구 방법들을 적용할 경우 수 생태 건강성 평가 및 식물플랑크톤 이상증식에 영향을 주는 군집조성을 빠르게 파악할 수 있어 조류 예보제 및 수계관리에 있어 효과적으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

Supported by : 한국수자원공사

References

  1. Anderson, D.M. 2009. Approaches to monitoring, control and management of harmful algal blooms (HABs). Ocean & Coastal Management 52(7): 342-347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2009.04.006
  2. Barone, R. and L. Naselli-Flores. 2003. Distribution and seasonal dynamics of Cryptomonads in Sicilian water bodies. Hydrobiologia 502: 325-329. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:HYDR.0000004290.22289.c2
  3. Boehrer, B. and M. Schultze. 2008. Stratification Lakes. Reviews of Geophysics 46(2): 1-27.
  4. Chang, K.H., H. Doi, H. Imai, F. Gunji and S.I. Nakano. 2008. Longitudinal changes in zooplankton distribution below a reservoir outfall with reference to river planktivory. Limnology 9(2): 125-133. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10201-008-0244-6
  5. Cheon, S., H. Lee, J. Yu, H. Park, T. Lim, J. Lee, I. Lee, S. Shin, J. Yoon, K. Lee, J. Hwang, H. Ryu, G. Joo, J. Choi and D. Hong. 2013. Changes of Water Environment and Phytoplankton Community Structures in the Nakdong River. National Institute of Environmental Research, p. 10-19.
  6. Cho, H.K. and S.M. Kim. 2018. Water Quality Correlation Analysis between Sewage Treated Water and the Adjacent Downstream Water in Nakdong River Basin. Journal of Korean Society on Water Quality 34(2): 202-209.
  7. Delagadillo-Hinojosa, F., G. Gaxiola-Castro, J.A. Segovia-Zavala, A.M. Oz-Barbosaa and M.V. Orozoco-Borbon. 1997. The Effect of Vertical Mixing on Primary Production in a Bay of the Gulf of California. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 45(1): 135-148. https://doi.org/10.1006/ecss.1996.0167
  8. Doi, H., K.H. Chang, T. Ando, H. Imai, S.I. Nakano, A. Kajimoto and I. Katano. 2008. Drifting plankton from a reservoir subsidize downstream food webs and alter community structure. Oecologia 156(2): 363-371. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-008-0988-z
  9. Elliott, J.A., I.D. Jones and S.J. Thackeray. 2006. Testing the sensitivity of phytoplankton communities to changes in water temperature and nutrient load, in a temperate lake. Hydrobiologia 559(1): 401-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1233-y
  10. Field, C.B., M.J. Behrenfeld, J.T. Randerson and P. Falkowski. 1998. Primary Production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components. Science 281(10): 237-240. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.281.5374.237
  11. Furnas, M., A. Mitchell, M. Skuza and J. Brodie. 2005. In the other 90%: Phytoplankton responses to enhanced nutrient availability in the Great Barrier Reef Lagoon. Marine Pollution Bulletin 51(1-4): 253-265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2004.11.010
  12. Garneau, M.E., M. Gosselin, B. Klein, J.E. Tremblay and E. Fouilland. 2007. New and regenerated production during a late summer bloom in an Arctic polynya. Marine Ecology Progress Series 345: 13-26. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps06965
  13. Goericke, R. and J.P. Montoya. 1998. Estimating the contribution of microalgal taxa to chlorophyll a in the field - Variations of pigment ratios under nutrient- and light-limited growth. Marine Ecology Progress Series 169: 97-112. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps169097
  14. Guo, Q., K. Ma, L. Yang, Q. Cai and K. He. 2010. A comparative study of the impact of species composition on a freshwater phytoplankton community using two contrasting biotic indices. Ecological Indicators 10(2): 296-302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.06.002
  15. Hama, T., T. Miyazaki, Y. Ogawa, T. Iwakuma, M. Takahashi, A. Otsuki and S. Ichimura. 1983. Measurement of photosynthetic productions of a Marine phytoplankton population using stable $^{13}C$ isotope. Marine Biology 73(1): 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00396282
  16. Hama, T., K.H. Shin and N. Handa 1997. Spatial variability in the primary productivity in the East China Sea and its adjacent waters. Journal of Oceanography 53(1): 41-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02700748
  17. Hong, D.-G., D.-K. Kim, H.-W. Kim, Y. Do, H.Y. Lee and G.-J. Joo. 2016. Limnological assessment of the meteo-hydrological and physicochemical factors for summer cyanobacterial blooms in a regulated river system. Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology 52: 123-136. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2015038
  18. Jeffrey, S.W. 1997. Introduction to marine phytoplankton and their pigment signatures. Phytoplankton pigment in oceanography, p. 37-84.
  19. Jeffrey, S.W., R.F.C. Mantoura and S.W. Wright. 1997. Phytoplankton Pigments in Oceanography: Guidelines to Modern Methods. UNESCO, Paris. p. 74-75.
  20. Jeon, S.-I. and K.-J. Cho. 2004. Primary Productivity of Phytoplankton in the Shallow and Hypertrophic River (Seonakdong River). Korean Journal of Limnology 37(1): 57-63.
  21. Jun, K.S. and J.S. Kim. 2011. The four major rivers restoration project: Impacts on river flows. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering 15(2): 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12205-011-0002-x
  22. Jung, K.-Y., J.-M. Ahn, K. Kim, I.J. Lee and D.S. Yang. 2016. Evaluation of Water Quality Characteristics and Water Quality Improvement Grade Classification of Geumho River Tributaries. Journal of Environmental Science International 25(6): 767-787. https://doi.org/10.5322/JESI.2016.25.6.767
  23. Jung, S.-Y. and I.-K. Kim. 2017. Analysis of Water Quality factor and Correlation between Water Quality and Chl-a in Middle and Downstream Weir Section of Nakdong River. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 39(2): 89-96. https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2017.39.2.89
  24. Kim, B., D.-S. Kim, G. Hwang, K. Choi, W.-M. Heo and W.-K. Park. 1996. Contribution of Primary Production of Phytoplankton to Organic Pollution in a Eutrophic River, the Naktong River. Korean Journal of Limnology 11(2): 231-237.
  25. Kim, H., B.Y. Jo and H.S. Kim. 2017. Effect of different concentrations and ratios of ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate on growth of the blue-green alga (Cyanobacterium) microcystis aeruginosa isolated from the Nakdong River, Korea. Algae 32(4): 275-284. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2017.32.10.23
  26. Kim, M.S., Y.R. Chung, E.H. Suh and W.S. Song. 2002. Eutrophication of Nakdong River and Statistical Analysis of Environmental Factors. Algae 17(2): 105-115. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2002.17.2.105
  27. Kimmel, B.L. and A.W. Groeger. 1984. Factors controlling primary production in lakes and reservoirs: A perspective. Lake and Reservoir Management 1(1): 277-281. https://doi.org/10.1080/07438148409354524
  28. Kimmel, B., O. Lind and L. Paulson. 1990. Reservoir Primary Production, p. 134-194. In: Reservoir limnology: ecological perspectives.
  29. Kirk, J.T. 1994. Light and photosynthesis in aquatic ecosystems. Cambridge, Britain: Cambridge University Press, p. 47-144.
  30. Latasa, M. 1995. Pigment composition of Heterocapsa sp. and Thalassiosira weissflogii growing in batch cultures under different irradiances. Scintia Marina 59(1): 25-37.
  31. Lee, H.-J., H.-K. Park and S.-U. Cheon. 2018. Effects of Weir Construction on Phytoplankton Assemblages and Water Quality in a Large River System. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15(11): 2348. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112348
  32. Lee, J.-H., J.-N. Gwon and S.-Y. Yang. 2002. Seasonal Variation of Phytoplankton Community in the Naktong River. Algae 17(4): 267-273. https://doi.org/10.4490/ALGAE.2002.17.4.267
  33. Lee, J.A., K.J. Cho, O.S. Kwon and I.K. Chung 1994. Primary Production of Phytoplankton in Natong Estuarine Ecosystem. Korean Journal of Limnology 27: 69-78.
  34. Lee, S.-H., B.-R. Kim and H.-W. Lee. 2014. A Study on Water Quality after Construction of the Weirs in the Middle Area in Nakdong River. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 36(4): 258-264. https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2014.36.4.258
  35. Li, H.M., H.J. Tang, X.Y. Shi, C.S. Zhang and X.L. Wang. 2014. Increased nutrient loads from the Changjiang (Yangtze) River have led to increased Harmful Algal Blooms. Harmful Algae 39: 92-101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hal.2014.07.002
  36. Lohrenz, S.E., G.L. Fahnenstiel, D.G. Redalje, G.A. Lang, M.J. Dagg, T.E. Whitledge and Q. Dortch. 1999. Nutrients, irradiance, and mixing as factors regulating primary production in coastal waters impacted by the Mississippi River plume. Continental Shelf Research 19(9): 1113-1141. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4343(99)00012-6
  37. Lurling, M., F. Eshetu, E.J. Faassen, S. Kosten and V.L.M. Huszar. 2013. Comparison of cyanobacterial and green algal growth rates at different temperatures. Freshwater Biology 58(3): 552-559. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2012.02866.x
  38. Mackey, M.D., D.J. Mackey, H.W. Higgins and S.W. Wright. 1996. CHEMTAX - a Program for Estimating Class Abundances From Chemical Markers: Application To HPLC measurements of phytoplankton. Marine Ecology Progress Series 144: 265-283. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps144265
  39. Min, J.O., S.Y. Ha, B.H. Choi, M.H. Chung, W.D. Yoon, J.S. Lee and K.H. Shin. 2011. Primary Productivity and Pigments Variation of Phytoplankton in the Seomjin River Estuary. Korean Journal of Limnology 44(3): 303-313.
  40. Nicklisch, A. and P. Woltke 1999. Pigment Content of Selected Planktonic Algae in Response to Simulated Natural Light Fluctuations and a Short Photoperiod. International Review of Hydrobiology 84(5): 479-495. https://doi.org/10.1002/iroh.199900042
  41. Noges, P., T. Noges, M. Ghiani, B. Paracchini, J.P. Grande and F. Sena. 2011. Morphometry and trophic state modify the thermal response of lakes to meteorological forcing. Hydrobiologia 667(1): 241-254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-011-0691-7
  42. Oliver, R.L., J. Whittington, Z. Lorenz and I.T. Webster. 2003. The influence of vertical mixing on the photoinhibition of variable chlorophyll. Journal of Plankton Research 25(9): 1107-1129. https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/25.9.1107
  43. Paerl, H.W., H. Xu, N.S. Hall, K.L. Rossignol, A.R. Joyner, G. Zhu and B. Qin. 2015. Nutrient limitation dynamics examined on a multi-annual scale in Lake Taihu, China: Implications for controlling eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Journal of Freshwater Ecology 30(1): 5-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2014.994047
  44. Park, H.-K., R.-Y. Shin, H. Lee, K.-L. Lee and S.-U. Cheon. 2015. Spatio-temporal Characteristics of Cyanobacterial Communities in the Middle-downstream of Nakdong River and Lake Dukdong. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment 31(3): 286-294. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2015.31.3.286
  45. Park, M.-O., C.-H. Moon, S.-Y. Kim, S.-R. Yang, K.-Y. Kwon and Y.-W. Lee. 2001. The Secies Composition of Phytoplankton along the Salinity Gradients in the Seomjin River Estuary in Autumn, 2000: Comparison of HPLC Analysis and Microscopic Observatons. Algae 16(2): 179-188.
  46. Park, M.-O. and J.-S. Park. 1997. HPLC method for the analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton. Ocean Science Journal 32: 46-55.
  47. Parsons, T.R., M. Takahashi and B. Hargrave. 1984. Biological oceanographic processes. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK, p. 330.
  48. Raven, J.A. and R.J. Geider. 1988. Temperature and Algal Growth. New Phytologist 110(4): 441-461. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.1988.tb00282.x
  49. Reynolds, C.S. 1984. The ecology of freshwater phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press.
  50. Reynolds, C.S. 2006. The ecology of phytoplankton. Cambridge University Press.
  51. Round, F.E. 1984. The ecology of algae. Cambridfe Univ. Press. Cambridge.
  52. Roy, R., A. Pratihary, G. Mangesh and S.W.A. Naqvi. 2006. Spatial variation of phytoplankton pigments along the southwest coast of India. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 69(1-2): 189-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.006
  53. Schluter, L., T.L. Lauridsen, G. Krogh and T. Jorgensen. 2006. Identification and quantification of phytoplankton groups in lakes using new pigment ratios - A comparison between pigment analysis by HPLC and microscopy. Freshwater Biology 51(8): 1474-1485. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01582.x
  54. Schluter, L., S. Behl, M. Striebe and H. Stibor. 2016. Comparing microscopic counts and pigment analyses in 46 phytoplankton communities from lakes of different trophic state. Freshwater Biology 61(10): 1627-1639. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12803
  55. Schumann, R., A. Hammer, S. Görs and H. Schubert. 2005. Winter and spring phytoplankton composition and production in a shallow eutrophic Baltic lagoon. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science 62(1-2): 169-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2004.08.015
  56. Seo, D.-I., G.-S. Nam, S.-H. Lee, E.-H. Lee, M. Kim, J.-Y. Choi, J.-H. Kim and K.-H. Chang. 2013. Plankton Community in Weir Section of the Nakdong River and Its Relation with Selected Environmental Factors. Environmental Biology Research 31(4): 362-369. https://doi.org/10.11626/KJEB.2013.31.4.362
  57. Son, H.-J. 2013. Changes of Dominant Phytoplankton Community in Downstream of the Nakdong River: From 2002 to 2012. Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers 35(4): 289-293. https://doi.org/10.4491/KSEE.2013.35.4.289
  58. Suzuki, K., N. Handa, H. Kiyosawa and J. Ishizaka. 1995. Distribution of the prochlorophyte Prochlorococcus in the central Pacific Ocean as measured by HPLC. Limnology and Oceanography 40(5): 983-989. https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1995.40.5.0983
  59. Tamm, M., R. Freiberg, I. Tonno, P. Noges and T. Noges. 2015. Pigment-Based Chemotaxonomy - A Quick Alternative to Determine Algal Assemblages in Large Shallow Eutrophic lake? PLoS ONE 10(3): 1-15.
  60. Taranu, Z.E., R.W. Zurawell, F. Pick and I. Gregory-Eaves. 2012. Predicting cyanobacterial dynamics in the face of global change: The importance of scale and environmental context. Global Change Biology 18(12): 3477-3490. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.12015
  61. Urabe, J., T. Sekino, K. Nozaki, A. Tsuji, C. Yoshimizu, M. Kagami, M. Kagami, T. Koitabashi, T. Miyazaki and M. Nakanishi. 1999. Light, nutrients and primary productivity in Lake Biwa: An evaluation of the current ecosystem situation. Ecological Research 14(3): 233-242. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1703.1999.143300.x
  62. USEPA. 1974. An Approach to a Relative Trophic Index System for Classifying Lakes and Reservoirs. Working Paper No. 24.
  63. Waite, A.M., S. Pesant, D.A. Griffin, P.A. Thompson and C.M. Holl. 2007. Oceanography, primary production and dissolved inorganic nitrogen uptake in two Leeuwin Current eddies. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 54(8-10): 981-1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.03.001
  64. Wong, C.K. and C.K. Wong 2003. HPLC pigment analysis of marine phytoplankton during a red tide occurrence in Tolo Harbour, Hong Kong. Chemosphere 52(9): 1633-1640. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-6535(03)00503-4
  65. Yang, S.Y., J.K. Seo, J.J. Lee, J.J. Yu, D.J. Hwang, J.M. Park, Y.S. Yoon, J.H. Jung, M.S. Kim, H.J. Lee, Y.H. Kwon, J.N. Shin, S.T. Oh and J.K. Kim. 2003. Nakdong River Water Environment Laboratory, p. 62.
  66. Yu, J.J., K.L. Lee, H.J. Lee, J.W. Whang, H.S. Lyu, L.Y. Shin, A.R. Park and S.U. Chen. 2015. Relations of Nutrient Concentrations on the Seasonality of Algal Community in the Nakdong River, Korea. Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment 31(2): 110-119. https://doi.org/10.15681/KSWE.2015.31.2.110
  67. Yu, J.J., H.J. Lee, K.L. Lee, H.S. Lyu, J.W. Whang, L.Y. Shin and S.U. Chen. 2014. Relationship between Distribution of the Dominant Phytoplankton Species and Water Temperature in the Nakdong River. Korean Journal of Environmental Education 47(4): 247-257. https://doi.org/10.11614/KSL.2014.47.4.247
  68. Zapata, M., F. Rodríguez and J.L. Garrido. 2000. Separation of chlorophylls and carotenoids from marine phytoplankton: a new HPLC method using a reversed phase C8 column and pyridine-containing mobile phases. Marine Ecology Progress Series 195: 29-45. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps195029
  69. Zhang, Y., B. Qin, W. Hu, S. Wang, Y. Chen and W. Chen. 2006. Temporal-spatial variations of euphotic depth of typical lake regions in Lake Taihu and its ecological environmental significance. Science in China, Series D: Earth Sciences 49(4): 431-442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-006-0431-4