References
- Volk CJ, Lechevallier MW. Assessing biodegradable organic matter. J. Am. Water Work. Assoc. 2000;92:64-76. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2000.tb08945.x
- Lechevallier MW, Babcock TM, Lee RG. Examination and characterization of distribution system biofilms. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1987;53:2714-2724. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.53.12.2714-2724.1987
- Liu W, Wu H, Wang Z, Ong SL, Hu JY, Ng WJ. Investigation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and bacterial regrowth in drinking water distribution system. Water Res. 2002;36:891-898. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(01)00296-2
- van der Kooij D, Hijnen WAM, Kruithof JC. The effects of ozonation, biological filtration and distribution on the concentration of easily assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in drinking water. Ozone Sci. Eng. 1989;11:297-311. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919518908552443
- Servais P, Anzil A, Ventresque C. Simple method for determination of biodegradable dissolved organic carbon in water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1989;55:2732-2734. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.55.10.2732-2734.1989
- National Water Research Institute (NWRI). BDOC as a performance measure for organics removal in groundwater recharge of recycled water. Fountain Valley, California: NWRI; 2012. NWRI-2012-05.
- Zhang J, Li WY, Wang F, et al. Exploring the biological stability situation of a full scale water distribution system in south China by three biological stability evaluation methods. Chemosphere 2016;161:43-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.099
- van der Kooij D. Assimilable organic carbon as an indicator of bacterial regrowth. J. Am. Water Work. Assoc.1992;84:57-65. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1992.tb07305.x
- American Public Health Association. American Water Works Association (APHA-AWWA). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. Washington D.C.: APHA-AWWA; 2005. Standard Method No. 9-42-47.
- Chen Z, Yu T, Ngo HH, et al. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) variation in reclaimed water: Insight on biological stability evaluation and control for sustainable water reuse. Bioresour. Technol. 2018;254:290-299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.01.111
- Escobar IC, Randall AA, Taylor JS. Bacterial growth in distribution systems: Effect of assimilable organic carbon and biodegradable dissolved organic carbon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2001;35:3442-3447. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0106669
- Jiang D, Liu X, Ni G. Assimilable organic carbon (AOC) criteria to control bactrium regrowth in drinking water distribution system. Adv. Mater. Res. 2012;461:440-443. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.461.440
- Lechevallier MW, Becker WC, Schorr P, Lee RG. AOC reduction by biologically active filtration. Revue des Sciences de l'eau/J. Water Sci. 1992;5:113-142. https://doi.org/10.7202/705156ar
- Aeppli J, Dyer-Smith P. Ozonation and granular activated carbon filtration: The solution to many problems. In: Proceedings of the First Australasian Conference of the International Ozone Association; February 1996; Sydney.
- Chien CC, Kao CM, Dong CD, Chen TY, Chen JY. Effectiveness of AOC removal by advanced water treatment systems: A case study. Desalination 2007;202:318-325. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2005.12.070
- Lee KY. Formation of ketoacids and AOC during ozonation in drinking water. Environ. Eng. Res. 2006;11:293-302. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2006.11.6.293
- Liao X, Zou R, Chen C, Yuan B, Zhou Z, Zhang X. Evaluating the biosafety of conventional and O3-BAC process and its relationship with NOM characteristics. Environ. Technol. 2018;39:221-230. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2017.1297850
- Lou JC, Chang TW, Huang CE. Effective removal of disinfection by-products and assimilable organic carbon: An advanced water treatment system. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009;172:1365-1371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.07.151
- Shukairy HM, Summers RS, Miltner RJ. The impact of ozonation and biological treatment on disinfection by-products. In: 15th international symposium on wastewater treatment and drinking water; 17-19 Nov 1992; Montreal, Canada.
- Zhao X, Hu HY, Yu T, Su C, Jiang H, Liu S. Effect of different molecular weight organic components on the increase of microbial growth potential of secondary effluent by ozonation. J. Environ. Sci. 2014;26:2190-2197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.001
- Polanska M, Huysman K, van Keer C. Investigation of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) in flemish drinking water. Water Res. 2005;39:2259-2266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.015
- Dussert BW, Van Stone GR. The biological activated carbon process for water purification. Water Eng. Manage. 1994;141:22-24.
- Ohkouchi Y, Ly BT, Ishikawa S, Aoki Y, Echigo S, Itoh S. A survey on levels and seasonal changes of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) and its precursors in drinking water. Environ. Technol. 2011;32:1605-1613. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2010.545439
- van der Aa LTJ, Rietveld LC, van Dijk JC. Effects of ozonation and temperature on the biodegradation of natural organic matter in biological granular activated carbon filters. Drink. Water Eng. Sci. 2011;4:25-35. https://doi.org/10.5194/dwes-4-25-2011
- Simpson DR. Biofilm processes in biologically active carbon water purification. Water Res. 2008;42:2839-2848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.02.025
- Lechevallier MW, Welch NJ, Smith DB. Full-scale studies of factors related to coliform regrowth in drinking water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1996;62:2201-2211. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.62.7.2201-2211.1996
- So SH, Choi IH, Kim HC, Maeng SK. Seasonally related effects on natural organic matter characteristics from source to tap in Korea. Sci. Total Environ. 2017;592:584-592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.03.063
- Emelko MB, Huck PM, Coffey BM, Smith EF. Effects of media, backwash, and temperature on full-scale biological filtration. J. Am. Water Work. Assoc. 2006;98:61-73. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2006.tb07824.x
- Persson F, Heinicke G, Uhl W, Hedberg T, Hermansson M. Performance of direct biofiltration of surface water for reduction of biodegradable organic matter and biofilm formation potential. Environ. Technol. 2006;27:1037-1045. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593332708618717
- Elovitz MS, von Gunten U, Kaiser HP. Hydroxyl radical/ozone ratios during ozonation processes. II. The effect of temperature, pH, alkalinity, and DOM properties. Ozone Sci. Eng. 2000;22:123-150. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919510008547216
- Shin J, Hidayat ZR, Lee Y. Influence of seasonal variation of water temperature and dissolved organic matter on ozone and OH radical reaction kinetics during ozonation of a lake water. Ozone Sci. Eng. 2016;38:100-114. https://doi.org/10.1080/01919512.2015.1079120
- Hammes F, Egli T. A flow cytometric method for AOC determination. Techneau; 2007. D 3.3.1
- Federal Office of Public Health. Determining the total cell count and ratios of high and low nucleic acid cells in fresh water using flow cytometry. Federal Office of Public Health; 2012. Swiss food book analysis method 333.1.
- van der Kooij D, Oranje JP, Hijnen WAM. Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in tap water in relation to utilization of substrates at concentrations of a few micrograms per liter. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1982;44:1086-1095. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.44.5.1086-1095.1982
- van der Kooij D, Hijnen WAM. Substrate utilization by an oxalate-consuming Spirillum species in relation to its growth in ozonated water. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1984;47:551-559. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.47.3.551-559.1984
- Ramseier MK. Assimilable organic carbon formation and disinfection during oxidative drinking water treatment [dissertation]. Zurich (Switzerland): ETH Zurich; 2010.
- Siddiqui MS, Amy GL, Murphy BD. Ozone enhanced removal of natural organic matter from drinking water sources. Water Res. 1997;31:3098-3106. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00130-9
- Swietlik J, Raczyk-Stanislawiak U, Nawrocki J. The influence of disinfection on aquatic biodegradable organic carbon formation. Water Res. 2009;43:463-473. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2008.10.021
- Wang H, Zhu Y, Hu C, Hu X. Treatment of NOM fractions of reservoir sediments: Effect of UV and chlorination on formation of DBPs. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2015;154:228-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2015.09.031
- Kim JH, Chung SH, Lee JY, Kim IH, Lee TH, Kim YJ. Formation of assimilable organic carbon from algogenic organic matter. Environ. Eng. Res. 2010;15:9-14. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2010.15.1.009
- Wang H, Liu D, Lu L, Zhao Z, Xu Y, Cui F. Degradation of algal organic matter using microbial fuel cells and its association with trihalomethane precursor removal. Bioresour. Technol. 2012;116:80-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2012.04.021
- Sun X, Yuan T, Ni H, Li Y, Hu Y. Variation in assimilable organic carbon formation during chlorination of Microcystis aeruginosa extracellular organic matter solutions. J. Environ. Sci. (China) 2016;45:1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2015.11.027
- Sohn J, Kang H, Han J, Yoon Y. Change of molecular weight of organic matters through unit water treatment process and associated chlorination byproducts formation. Environ. Eng. Res. 2007;12:224-230. https://doi.org/10.4491/eer.2007.12.5.224
- Park JW, Kim HC, Meyer AS, Kim S, Maeng SK. Influences of NOM composition and bacteriological characteristics on biological stability in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. Chemosphere 2016;160:189-198. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.06.079
- Volk C, Bell K, Ibrahim E, Verges D, Amy G, Lechevallier M. Impact of enhanced and optimized coagulation on removal of organic matter and its biodegradable fraction in drinking water. Water Res. 2000;34:3247-3257. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(00)00033-6
- Huber SA, Balz A, Abert M, Pronk W. Characterisation of aquatic humic and non-humic matter with size-exclusion chromatography- organic carbon detection-organic nitrogen detection (LC-OCD-OND). Water Res. 2011;45:879-885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2010.09.023
- Kimura K, Ando N. Maximizing biopolymer removal by coagulation for mitigation of fouling in the following membrane process. Sep. Purif. Technol. 2016;163:8-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2016.02.013
-
Wu Y, Zhu G, Lu X. Characteristics of DOM and removal of DBPs precursors across
$O_3$ -BAC integrated treatment for the micro-polluted raw water of the Huangpu River. Water (Switzerland) 2013;5:1472-1486. https://doi.org/10.3390/w5041472 - Zhang T, Lu J, Ma J, Qiang Z. Comparative study of ozonation and synthetic goethite-catalyzed ozonation of individual NOM fractions isolated and fractionated from a filtered river water. Water Res. 2008;42:1563-1570. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2007.11.005
- Kim JH, Kim YJ, Lee DS, Qureshi TI. Characteristic study of assimilable organic carbon (AOC) formation potential in drinking water. J. Chem. Soc. Pakistan 2010;32:140-146.
- Uhl W. Biofiltration processes for organic matter removal. In: Rehm HJ, Reed G, eds. Biotechnology set. 2nd ed. Weinheim: Wiley-VCK; 2008. p. 458-475.
- Juhna T, Melin E. Ozonation and biofiltration in water treatment - Operational status and optimization issues. TECHNEAU; 2006. D 5.3.1B.
- DeSilva FJ. Exploring the multifunctional nature of activated carbon filtration. Water Quality Products; 2000. p. 16-17.
- Schreiber B, Schmalz V, Brinkmann T, Worch E. The effect of water temperature on the adsorption equilibrium of dissolved organic matter and atrazine on granular activated carbon. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007;41:6448-6453. https://doi.org/10.1021/es070704+
- Abuzaid NS, Nakhla GF. Modeling of the temperature variation effects on the polymerization reactions of phenolics on granular activated carbon. Sep. Sci. Technol. 1997;32:1255-1272. https://doi.org/10.1080/01496399708000959
- Kim JR, Huling SG, Kan E. Effects of temperature on adsorption and oxidative degradation of bisphenol A in an acid-treated iron-amended granular activated carbon. Chem. Eng. J. 2015;262:1260-1267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.065
- Schreiber B, Brinkmann T, Schmalz V, Worch E. Adsorption of dissolved organic matter onto activated carbon - The influence of temperature, absorption wavelength, and molecular size. Water Res. 2005;39:3449-3456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2005.05.050
- Summers RS, Roberts PV. Activated carbon adsorption of humic substances. I. Heterodisperse mixtures and desorption. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 1988;122:367-381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9797(88)90372-4
- Urfer D, Huck PM, Booth SDJ, Coffey BM. Biological filtration for BOM and particle removal: A critical review. J. Am. Water Work. Assoc. 1997;89:83-98. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1997.tb08342.x
- Donlan RM. Biofilms: Microbial life on surfaces. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 2002;8:881-890. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid0809.020063
- Costerton JW, Cheng KJ, Geesey GG, et al. Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1987;41:435-464. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.002251
- Sutherland IW. Biofilm exopolysaccharides: A strong and sticky framework. Microbiology 2001;147:3-9. https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-147-1-3
- Rogers J, Dowsett AB, Dennis PJ, Lee JV, Keevil CW. Influence of temperature and plumbing material selection on biofilm formation and growth of Legionella pneumophila in a model potable water system containing complex microbial flora. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1994;60:1585-1592. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.60.5.1585-1592.1994
- Aktas O, Cecen F. Bioregeneration of activated carbon: A review. Int. Biodeterior. Biodegrad. 2007;59:257-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2007.01.003
- Ameh CU, Jimoh A, Abdulkareem AS, Otaru AJ. Experimental studies on bioregeneration of activated carbon contaminated with hydrocarbon. IOSR J. Appl. Chem. 2013;4:50-66. https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-0425066
- Pomeroy LR, Wiebe WJ, Deibel D, Thompson RJ, Rowe GT, Pakulski JD. Bacterial responses to temperature and substrate concentration during the Newfoundland spring bloom. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 1991;75:143-159. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps075143
- Yang J, Ma J, Song D, Zhai X, Kong X. Impact of preozonation on the bioactivity and biodiversity of subsequent biofilters under low temperature conditions - A pilot study. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 2016;10:5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11783-016-0844-z.
- Choi Y, Park H, Choi Y, et al. The variation and removal of assimilable organic carbon in drinking water treatment processes. In: Jung DM, ed. 2014 Arisu Report. Seoul; 2015. p. 167-210.
- Rose LJ, Rice EW, Jensen B, et al. Chlorine inactivation of bacterial bioterrorism agents. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2005;71:566-568. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.71.1.566-568.2005
Cited by
- Removal of oxidative stress and genotoxic activities during drinking water production by ozonation and granular activated carbon filtration vol.33, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00567-y
- Effect of Biochar Amendment in Woodchip Denitrifying Bioreactors for Nitrate and Phosphate Removal in Tile Drainage Flow vol.13, pp.20, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/w13202883