Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education (대한지구과학교육학회지)

The Korean Society of Earth Science Education (대한지구과학교육학회)
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Exploration of Changes in TIMSS Science Achievement and Educational Context Variables of Cohort Groups with Grade Change

학년 변화에 따른 코호트 집단의 TIMSS 과학 성취도 및 교육맥락변인의 변화 탐색

  • Received : 2019.06.15
  • Accepted : 2019.08.20
  • Published : 2019.08.31
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Abstract

The TIMSS assessment is conducted every four years, and Korean fourth grade cohort in TIMSS 2011 participated in TIMSS 2015 again as eighth graders, which produced the first achievement data of the cohort group of elementary and middle schools. In this study, in order to investigate the causes of the decline in Korean students' science achievement with grade changes from the fourth to the eighth grade, we analyzed educational context variables such as characteristics of students, teachers, and classroom instructions of the top 5 achievement countries participated in both TIMSS 2011 and TIMSS 2015. According to the results, students' sense of school belonging increased, whereas students' positive attitudes toward science teaching decreased with the grade change from the fourth to the eighth. As for the teacher characteristics, the teacher's professional development activity increased, and the teacher's confidence in science teaching showed similar tendency to the international average. Regarding classroom instruction characteristics, the frequency of inquiry-related science activities was highest at the fourth grade, and lower than the international average at the eighth grade. Based the results, we suggested implications for science teaching and learning as well as further studies including development of differentiated strategy by the school level to improve students' achievement, the necessity of converting into more student-engaging science classes, and the necessity of in-depth study on the teacher related educational contextual variables.

TIMSS 평가는 4년 간격으로 실시되는데, 우리나라의 경우에는 TIMSS 2011에서 4학년으로 평가에 참여하였던 학생 모집단이 4년 뒤인 TIMSS 2015에서 8학년으로 다시 평가에 참여함으로써, 우리나라가 TIMSS 평가에 참여한 이래 처음으로 코호트 집단의 초등학교와 중학교 성취도 자료를 얻었다. 이에 본 연구에서는 초4에서 중2로 학년 및 학교급이 바뀌면서 나타나는 우리나라 학생들의 성취도 급락의 원인을 탐색하기 위해, TIMSS 2011의 초4와 TIMSS 2015의 중2에 공통으로 사용된 설문 문항들을 분석함으로써, 성취도 상위 5개국을 중심으로 학생 특성, 교사 특성 그리고 교실수업 특성과 관련된 교육맥락변인들의 변화를 분석하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 학생들의 학교 소속감은 초4에서 중2로 가면서 증가한 반면에, 과학 수업에 대한 학생들의 인식은 대부분의 항목들에서 긍정적 인식의 비율이 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 교사 특성과 관련하여, 교사의 전문성 개발 활동은 초4에서 중2로 가면서 더 증가하였고, 과학교사의 수업에 대한 자신감은 국제평균과 유사한 경향을 나타내었다. 교실수업 특성과 관련하여, 과학수업에서 탐구 관련 활동 유형별 빈도는 초4에서 최상위 수준이다가 중2에서 국제평균보다 더 낮아지는 것으로 나타났다. 연구결과를 토대로 우리나라 과학과 교수학습에 주는 시사점을 학교급별로 성취도 향상을 위한 차별화된 전략 마련의 필요성, 학생 참여형 수업으로 전환할 필요성, 과학 흥미에 영향을 주는 교육맥락변인에 대한 지속적인 연구의 필요성, 학생 성취도에 미치는 교사 수준의 교육맥락변인에 대한 심층연구의 필요성 등의 측면에서 제안하였다.

Keywords

References

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