Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
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Suggestion for Trophic State Index of Korean Lakes (Upper Layer)

한국 호소 상층부의 영양상태지수 제안

  • Received : 2019.05.04
  • Accepted : 2019.07.16
  • Published : 2019.07.30
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Abstract

In this study, the relationship between trophic state indices was analyzed based on the monthly or weekly water quality data of 81 lakes (mostly man-made) in Korea between 2013-2017. Carlson's $TSI_C$ and Aizaki's $TSI_m$ were calculated using the summer (Jun.-Sep.) average data at the upper water layer. The previous Korean trophic state index ($TSI_{KO}$) and the newly suggested index ($TSI_{KON}$) was calculated using the annual average data at the whole layer and at the upper layer, respectively. While previous trophic state index (TSI) such as Carlson's TSI included logarithmic function, we devised newly Monod-type $TSI_{KON}$(Chl) that is 50 when half-saturation concentration of chlorophyll ${\alpha}$ ($Chl.{\alpha}$) measured by UNESCO-method is $10{\mu}gL^{-1}$. MMF-type $TSI_{KON}$(TP) was derived based on the relationship between TP and $Chl.{\alpha}$. A comprehensive $TSI_{KON}$ was decided as the larger one of the two $TSI_{KON}$ values. The range of previous TSI was usually 40-50 for the mesotrophic state, which seemed narrow to discriminate trophic characteristics of the class. The upper limits of $TSI_{KON}$ for oligotrophic, mesotrophic, and eutrophic state were set to 23, 50 and 75, respectively. Classification by $TSI_C$ and $TSI_m$ showed higher frequency of eutrophic class compared to $TSI_{KO}$ and $TSI_{KON}$. This means that the estimation by TSIs developed in foreign natural lakes can lead to distorted results in the classification of the trophic state of Korean lakes. This is due to the decrease of transparency by non-algal material and the reduction in phosphorus availability to algal growth, particularly in Monsoon period.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Fitness of TSI(TP) and TSI(SD) to TSI(Chl); (a) (c) TSI of Carlson (1977), (b) (d) TSI of Aizaki et al. (1981).

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Fig. 2. Quadrant analysis for deviation of TSI; (a) TSI of Carlson (1977), (b) TSI of Aizaki et al. (1981).

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Fig. 3. The comparison of TSI variation according to Chl.a.

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Fig. 4. Fitness between parameters of TSIKON and quadrant analysis for the deviation.

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Fig. 5. Suggestion of classification scheme for trophic state of Korean lakes based on TSIKON.

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Fig. 6. Trophic state assessment of 81 lakes by several trophic state indices in Korea.

Table 1. Trophic state index of Korean lakes suggested in this study

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Table 2. New and original trophic state index of Korea and its associated parameters

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Table 3. Oligotrophic and hypertrophic lakes based on TSIKON

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