Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science

korean Academy of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science (물리치료재활과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The validity and reliability of the Healthy Lifestyle Screening Tool

  • Kim, Cheong Hoon (Department of Physical Therapy, Collage of Health Science and Social Welfare, Sahmyook University) ;
  • Kang, Kyung-Ah (College of Nursing, Sahmyook University)
  • Received : 2019.05.16
  • Accepted : 2019.06.12
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop a valid and reliable scale that measures the healthy life styles among young adults. Design: A methodological study design was employed to develop and validate the Healthy Lifestyle Screening Tool (HLST). Methods: The validity and reliability of the HLST were established in accordance with DeVellis' 8 steps guideline for tool development. The question items were generated based on literature reviews and interviews, which were then classified into 12 categories. The HLST was administered to 272 students attending a Korean university. The reliability was tested using Cronbach's alpha. The validity of the scale was examined with the mean inter-item correlations (MIIC) and factor analysis, and was also examined for content validity by experts. Results: The reliability of the HLST was found to be acceptable, as indicated by a Cronbach's alpha of 0.71. In the validity test, items with less than 80% "agreement" ratings on the content validity index by experts were revised. The MIIC values were greater than 0.25. A factor analysis of 36 items extracted 9 factors (i.e., four items per factor), which together explained 50.4% of the variance. The HLST consists of 36 items that measure 9 factors based on a 4-point Likert rating scale, with 4 items per factor, as follows: sunlight, water, air, rest, exercise, nutrition, temperance, trust, and general physical condition. High scores on the HLST are indicative of a healthy lifestyle (HL). Conclusions: The HLST is a valid and reliable scale that can be used to measure HL among young adults. Identification of HL by using the HLST can provide guidance to integrated therapeutic approaches along with conventional physical therapy.

Keywords

References

  1. Reynolds SL. Successful aging in spite of bad habits: introduction to the special section on 'Life style and health expectancy'. Eur J Ageing 2008;5:275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10433-008-0095-3
  2. Austin-McCain M. An examination of the association of social media use with the satisfaction with daily routines and healthy lifestyle habits for undergraduate and graduate students. Open J Occup Ther 2017. doi: 10.15453/2168-6408.1327.
  3. Cihangiroglu Z, Deveci SE. Healthy life style behaviours and related influencing factors of the students of elazig high school of health sciences of Firat university. Firat Med J 2011;16:78-83.
  4. Cambridge Dictionary. Cambridge advanced learner's dictionary & thesaurus [Internet]. Cambridge University Press, Available from: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ko/%EC%82%AC%EC%A0%84/.
  5. Kockanat P, Bekar M. The relationship between sexual health behaviors and healthy lifestyle behaviors of female students in Turkey. Int J Caring Sci 2018;11:1859-67.
  6. Aslan E, Bektas H, Basgol S, Demir SV. PI Level of information and patterns of behaviour of university students in relation to sexual health. J Contin Med Educ 2014;23:174-82.
  7. Addley K, McQuillan P, Ruddle M. Creating healthy workplaces in Northern Ireland: evaluation of a lifestyle and physical activity assessment programme. Occup Med (Lond) 2001;51:439-49. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/51.7.439
  8. Darviri C, Alexopoulos EC, Artemiadis AK, Tigani X, Kraniotou C, Darvyri P, et al. The Healthy Lifestyle and Personal Control Questionnaire (HLPCQ): a novel tool for assessing self-empowerment through a constellation of daily activities. BMC Public Health 2014. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-995.
  9. Black B, Ingman M, Janes J. Physical therapists' role in health promotion as perceived by the patient: descriptive survey. Phys Ther 2016;96:1588-96. https://doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20140383
  10. Dean E, Soderlund A. What is the role of lifestyle behaviour change associated with non-communicable disease risk in managing musculoskeletal health conditions with special reference to chronic pain? BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015. doi: 10.1186/ s12891-015-0545-y.
  11. O'Donoghue G, Cunningham C, Murphy F, Woods C, Aagaard- Hansen J. Assessment and management of risk factors for the prevention of lifestyle-related disease: a cross-sectional survey of current activities, barriers and perceived training needs of primary care physiotherapists in the Republic of Ireland. Physiotherapy 2014;100:116-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2013.10.004
  12. Heckman KA, Cott CA. Home-based physiotherapy for the elderly: a different world. Physiother Can 2005;57:274-83. https://doi.org/10.3138/ptc.57.4.274
  13. DeVellis RF. Scale development: theory and applications. SAGE Publications; 2016.
  14. Yang B. Multivariate data analysis and its applications. Seoul: Hakji Publishing Co.; 1998.
  15. Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res 1986;35:382-5.
  16. Taylor GJ, Bagby RM, Parker JD. The 20-Item Toronto Alexithymia Scale. IV. Reliability and factorial validity in different languages and cultures. J Psychosom Res 2003;55:277-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(02)00601-3
  17. Polit DF, Yang FM. Measurement and the measurement of change: a primer for the health professions. Philadelphia (PA): Wolters Kluwer; 2016.
  18. Clark LA, Watson D. Constructing validity: basic issues in objective scale development. Psychol Assess 1995;7:309-19. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.7.3.309
  19. van Leeuwen R, Tiesinga LJ, Middel B, Post D, Jochemsen H. The validity and reliability of an instrument to assess nursing competencies in spiritual care. J Clin Nurs 2009;18:2857-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02594.x
  20. Briggs SR, Cheek JM. The role of factor analysis in the development and evaluation of personality scales. J Personal 1986;54:106-48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1986.tb00391.x
  21. Kaiser HF. An index of factorial simplicity. Psychom 1974;39:31-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575
  22. Bartlett MS. The effect of standardization on a ${\chi}2$ approximation in factor analysis. Biom 1951;38:337-44. https://doi.org/10.1093/biomet/38.3-4.337
  23. Mead MN. Benefits of sunlight: a bright spot for human health. National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; 2008.
  24. Cullum A, Ellis S, Leng G, Richardson J, Sheppard L. NICE public health guidance update. J Public Health (Oxf) 2017;39:213-4.
  25. Altun I, Cinar ND, Kasikci MK. Self-reported quantity of daily water intake and urine output in healthy young. Int J Urol Nurs 2012;6:91-3. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-771X.2012.01143.x
  26. Nissensohn M, Castro-Quezada I, Serra-Majem L. Beverage and water intake of healthy adults in some European countries. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013;64:801-5. https://doi.org/10.3109/09637486.2013.801406
  27. Brunt H, Barnes J, Jones SJ, Longhurst JWS, Scally G, Hayes E. Air pollution, deprivation and health: understanding relationships to add value to local air quality management policy and practice in Wales, UK. J Public Health (Oxf) 2016;39:485-97.
  28. Spurr K, Pendergast N, MacDonald S. Assessing the use of the Air Quality Health Index by vulnerable populations in a 'lowrisk' region: a pilot study. Can J Respir Ther 2014;50:45-9.
  29. Johansson A, Windahl M, Svanborg E, Fredrichsen M, Swahn E, Uhlin PY, et al. Perceptions of how sleep is influenced by rest, activity and health in patients with coronary heart disease: a phenomenographical study. Scand J Caring Sci 2007;21:467-75. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00496.x
  30. Sharma KS, Srivastava SP, Panchal PA, Kaur AM. The effect of shift work on lifestyle, mental health and physical health status of footwear factory workers: a comparison between night shifts and day shifts. Indian J Physiother Occup Ther 2017;11:34-9.
  31. Fujiki RB, Oliver AJ, Sivasankar MP, Craig BA, Malandraki GA. Secondary voice outcomes of a randomized clinical trial comparing two head/neck strengthening exercises in healthy older adults: a preliminary report. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2019;62:318-23. https://doi.org/10.1044/2018_JSLHR-S-18-0338
  32. Cirer-Sastre R, Legaz-Arrese A, Corbi F, George K, Nie J, Carranza-Garcia LE, et al. Cardiac biomarker release after exercise in healthy children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2019;31:28-36. https://doi.org/10.1123/pes.2018-0058
  33. Todde F, Melis F, Mura R, Pau M, Fois F, Magnani S, et al. A 12-week vigorous exercise protocol in a healthy group of persons over 65: study of physical function by means of the Senior Fitness Test. Biomed Res Int 2016. doi: 10.1155/2016/7639842.
  34. Wisse W, Boer Rookhuizen M, de Kruif MD, van Rossum J, Jordans I, ten Cate H, et al. Prescription of physical activity is not sufficient to change sedentary behavior and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2010;88:e10-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2010.01.015
  35. Fleig L, Kerschreiter R, Schwarzer R, Pomp S, Lippke S. 'Sticking to a healthy diet is easier for me when I exercise regularly': cognitive transfer between physical exercise and healthy nutrition. Psychol Health 2014;29:1361-72. https://doi.org/10.1080/08870446.2014.930146
  36. Sonchar CL. Medications alone are not the answer for an optimally functioning thyroid, instead healthy nutrition & lifestyle choices are the keys! J Counc Nutr 2016;39:11-4.
  37. Ward MM. Sense of control and self-reported health in a population-based sample of older Americans: assessment of potential confounding by affect, personality, and social support. Int J Behav Med 2013;20:140-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-011-9218-x
  38. Fastame MC, Hitchcott PK, Penna MP. Does social desirability influence psychological well-being: perceived physical health and religiosity of Italian elders? A developmental approach. Aging Ment Health 2017;21:348-53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13607863.2015.1074162
  39. Campos-Matos I, Subramanian SV, Kawachi I. The 'dark side' of social capital: trust and self-rated health in European countries. Eur J Public Health 2016;26:90-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckv089
  40. Kremer H, Ironson G, Porr M. Spiritual and mind-body beliefs as barriers and motivators to HIV-treatment decision-making and medication adherence? A qualitative study. AIDS Patient Care STDS 2009;23:127-34. https://doi.org/10.1089/apc.2008.0131
  41. Jensen MK, Chiuve SE, Rimm EB, Dethlefsen C, Tjonneland A, Joensen AM, et al. Obesity, behavioral lifestyle factors, and risk of acute coronary events. Circulation 2008;117:3062-9. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.759951
  42. Franco OH, de Laet C, Peeters A, Jonker J, Mackenbach J, Nusselder W. Effects of physical activity on life expectancy with cardiovascular disease. Arch Intern Med 2005;165:2355-60. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.165.20.2355
  43. Nunnally JC, Bernstein IH. Psychometric theory. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1994.

Cited by

  1. Validez de un instrumento para medir capital intelectual en empresas : Validity of an instrument to measure intellectual capital in companies vol.128, 2021, https://doi.org/10.35426/iav50n128.04
  2. The Assessment of Lifestyle Status among High School and College Students in Luzon, Philippines vol.11, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.15280/jlm.2021.11.2.57
  3. Emerging Consumer Healthy Lifestyles in Lithuania vol.13, pp.18, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/su131810056