참고문헌
- Kim BH, Park JW. Epidemiology of liver cancer in South Korea. Clin Mol Hepatol 2018;24:1-9. https://doi.org/10.3350/cmh.2017.0112
- Kim BH, Lim YS, Kim EY, et al. Temporal improvement in survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma in a hepatitis B virus-endemic population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;33:475-83. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13848
- Lee YT, Geer DA. Primary liver cancer: pattern of metastasis. J Surg Oncol 1987;36:26-31. https://doi.org/10.1002/jso.2930360107
- Toyoda H, Kumada T, Kiriyama S, et al. Changes in the characteristics and survival rate of hepatocellular carcinoma from 1976 to 2000: analysis of 1365 patients in a single institution in Japan. Cancer 2004;100:2415-21. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.20289
- Ho CL, Chen S, Yeung DW, Cheng TK. Dual-tracer PET/CT imaging in evaluation of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. J Nucl Med 2007;48:902-9. https://doi.org/10.2967/jnumed.106.036673
- Harding JJ, Abu-Zeinah G, Chou JF, et al. Frequency, morbidity, and mortality of bone metastases in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2018;16:50-8. https://doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2017.7024
- Uchino K, Tateishi R, Shiina S, et al. Hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastasis: clinical features and prognostic factors. Cancer 2011;117:4475-83. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.25960
- Katyal S, Oliver JH 3rd, Peterson MS, Ferris JV, Carr BS, Baron RL. Extrahepatic metastases of hepatocellular carcinoma. Radiology 2000;216:698-703. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiology.216.3.r00se24698
- Natsuizaka M, Omura T, Akaike T, et al. Clinical features of hepatocellular carcinoma with extrahepatic metastases. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20:1781-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03919.x
- Fukutomi M, Yokota M, Chuman H, et al. Increased incidence of bone metastases in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13:1083-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200109000-00015
- Lu Y, Hu JG, Lin XJ, Li XG. Bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: clinical features and prognostic factors. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2017;16:499-505. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1499-3872(16)60173-X
- Jung IH, Yoon SM, Kwak J, et al. High-dose radiotherapy is associated with better local control of bone metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017;8:15182-92. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.14858
- Chang SS, Luo JC, Chao Y, et al. The clinical features and prognostic factors of hepatocellular carcinoma patients with spinal metastasis. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001;13:1341-5. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-200111000-00013
- Chang UK, Kim MS, Han CJ, Lee DH. Clinical result of stereotactic radiosurgery for spinal metastasis from hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison with conventional radiation therapy. J Neurooncol 2014;119:141-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11060-014-1463-9
- He J, Zeng ZC, Tang ZY, et al. Clinical features and prognostic factors in patients with bone metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma receiving external beam radiotherapy. Cancer 2009;115:2710-20. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.24300
- Saarto T, Janes R, Tenhunen M, Kouri M. Palliative radiotherapy in the treatment of skeletal metastases. Eur J Pain 2002;6:323-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1090-3801(02)00028-9
- Lee MH, Lee SH, Kim ES, Eoh W, Chung SS, Lee CS. Survivalrelated factors of spinal metastasis with hepatocellular carcinoma in current surgical treatment modalities: a single institute experience. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2015;58:448-53. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2015.58.5.448
- Rim CH, Choi C, Choi J, Seong J. Establishment of a diseasespecific graded prognostic assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with spinal metastasis. Gut Liver 2017;11:535-42. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl16486
- Choi C, Seong J. Predictive factors of palliative radiotherapy response and survival in patients with spinal metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut Liver 2015;9:94-102. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl14009
- Eisenhauer EA, Therasse P, Bogaerts J, et al. New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). Eur J Cancer 2009;45:228-47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2008.10.026
- Lencioni R, Llovet JM. Modified RECIST (mRECIST) assessment for hepatocellular carcinoma. Semin Liver Dis 2010;30:52-60. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1247132
- Ryu S, Jin JY, Jin R, et al. Partial volume tolerance of the spinal cord and complications of single-dose radiosurgery. Cancer 2007;109:628-36. https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.22442
- Ryu S, Yoon H, Stessin A, Gutman F, Rosiello A, Davis R. Contemporary treatment with radiosurgery for spine metastasis and spinal cord compression in 2015. Radiat Oncol J 2015;33:1-11. https://doi.org/10.3857/roj.2015.33.1.1
- Chow E, Hoskin P, Mitera G, et al. Update of the international consensus on palliative radiotherapy endpoints for future clinical trials in bone metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2012;82:1730-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.02.008
- Statistics Korea. Annual report of cancer statistics in 2016. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2019.
- Tangkijvanich P, Anukulkarnkusol N, Suwangool P, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis based on serum alpha-fetoprotein levels. J Clin Gastroenterol 2000;31:302-8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-200012000-00007
- Bai DS, Zhang C, Chen P, Jin SJ, Jiang GQ. The prognostic correlation of AFP level at diagnosis with pathological grade, progression, and survival of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sci Rep 2017;7:12870. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-12834-1