Korean Journal of Environmental Biology (환경생물)

Korean Society of Environmental Biology (한국환경생물학회)
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Floristic features of paddy fields in South Korea

우리나라 논 경작지에 출현하는 식물상 특성

  • Kim, Myung-Hyun (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Eo, Jinu (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Song, Young-Ju (National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, RDA) ;
  • Oh, Young-Ju (Institute for Future Environmental Ecology Co., Ltd)
  • 김명현 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 어진우 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 송영주 (농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 기후변화생태과) ;
  • 오영주 ((주)미래환경생태연구소)
  • Received : 2019.11.20
  • Accepted : 2019.12.16
  • Published : 2019.12.31
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Abstract

Paddy fields play an important role in the biodiversity conservation of agroecosystems as man-made wetlands. This study focused on the floristic composition and characteristics of paddy fields in South Korea. The flora surveys were conducted in 33 areas in nine provinces at two times (June and August) in 2016. The results showed that the vascular plants of the paddy fields in South Korea included 389 taxa, composed of 51 families, 219 genera, 350 species, four subspecies, 30 varieties, and five forms. Among the 51 families, Gramineae was the most diverse in species (76 taxa), followed by Compositae (61 taxa), Leguminosae (32 taxa), Cyperaceae (27 taxa), Polygonaceae (15 taxa), and Scrophulariaceae (12 taxa). Based on the occurrence frequency of each species, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. (100%), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P.Beauv. (100%) were the highest, followed by Acalypha australis L. (97.0%), Bidens frondosa L. (97.0%), Alopecurus aequalis Sobol. (97.0%), Rorippa palustris (Leyss.) Besser (93.9%), Ludwigia prostrata Roxb. (93.9%), Lemna perpusilla Torr. (93.9%), Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis(90.9%), Rorippa palustris(Leyss.) Besser(87.9%), Eclipta prostrata(L.) L.(87.9%), Commelina communis L.(87.9%), Artemisia princeps Pamp.(84.8%), Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers.(84.8%), Cyperus microiria Steud.(84.8%), and Aneilema keisak(Hassk.) Hand.-Mazz. (81.8%). The biological type of paddy fields in South Korea was determined to be Th-R5-D4-t type. Rare plants were found in six taxa: Aristolochina contorta Bunge, Penthorum chinense Pursh, Sagittaria sagittifolia subsp. leucopetala (Miq.) Hartog, Ottelia alismoides (L.) Pers., Pseudoraphis ukishiba Ohwi, and Acorus calamus L. Eighty taxa contained naturalized plants composed of 15 families, 54 genera, 76 species, three varieties, and one form. The urbanization and naturalization indices were 24.8% and 20.6%, respectively.

논 경작지는 인위적 습지로서 생물다양성 유지에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 국내 논 경작지에 출현하는 식물종의 종조성 및 그 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 식물상 조사는 전국을 대상으로 33개 지역에서 2016년 6월과 8월 두 시기에 수행되었다. 그 결과, 관속식물은 51과 219속 350종 4아종 30변종 5품종으로 총 389분류군으로 조사되었다. 과별 분포현황은 벼과가 가장 많은 76분류군을 차지하였고, 다음으로 국화과 61분류군, 콩과 32분류군, 사초과 27분류군, 마디풀과 15분류군, 현삼과 12분류군으로 나타났다. 종별 출현빈도는 바랭이와 돌피가 100%로 가장 높았고, 다음으로 깨풀, 미국가막사리, 뚝새풀, 속속이풀, 여뀌바늘, 좀개구리밥, 주름잎, 자귀풀, 한련초, 닭의장풀, 쑥, 개망초, 금방동사니, 사마귀풀이 높게 나타났다. 우리나라 논 경작지에 출현한 식물의 생활형 조성은 일년생식물-단립식물-중력산포형-총생형(Th-R5-D4-t)로 나타났다. 희귀식물로는 쥐방울덩굴, 낙지다리, 벗풀, 물질경이, 물잔디, 창포 6분류군이 확인되었다. 귀화식물은 15과 54속 76종 3변종 1품종으로 총 80분류군이 확인되었고, 도시화지수는 24.8%, 귀화율은 20.6%를 나타냈다.

Keywords

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