Membrane and Water Treatment

Techno-Press (테크노프레스)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Clay adsorptive membranes for chromium removal from water

  • Kashaninia, Fatemeh (Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of science and Technology) ;
  • Rezaie, Hamid Reza (Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of science and Technology) ;
  • Sarpoolaky, Hossein (Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Iran University of science and Technology)
  • Received : 2018.10.16
  • Accepted : 2019.02.20
  • Published : 2019.07.25
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Cost effective clay adsorptive microfiltration membranes were synthesized to remove Cr (III) from high polluted water. Raw and calcined bentonite were mixed in order to decrease the shrinkage and also increase the porosity; then, 20 wt% of carbonate was added and the samples, named B (without carbonate) and B-Ca20 (with 20 wt% calcium carbonate) were uniaxially pressed and after sufficient drying, fired at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 3 hours. Then, physical and mechanical properties of the samples, their phase analyses and microstructure and also their ability for Cr(III) removal from high polluted water (including 1000 ppm Cr (III) ions) were studied. Results showed that the addition of calcium carbonate lead the porosity to increase to 33.5% while contrary to organic pore formers like starch, due to the formation of wollastonite, the mechanical strength not only didn't collapse but also improved to 36.77 MPa. Besides, sample B-Ca20, due to the presence of wollastonite and anorthite, could remove 99.97% of Cr (III) ions. Hence, a very economic and cost effective combination of membrane filtration and adsorption technology was achieved for water treatment which made microfiltration membranes act even better than nanofiltration ones without using any adsorptive nano particles.

Keywords

References

  1. Babel S. and Kurniawan T.A. (2003), "Low-cost adsorbents for heavy metals uptake from contaminated water: A review", J Hazard Mater., 97(1-3), 219-243. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(02)00263-7.
  2. Belibi Belibi, P., Nguemtchouin, M.M.G., Rivallin, M., Ndi Nsami, J., Sieliechi, J., Cerneaux, S., Ngassoum, M.B. and Cretin, M. (2015), "Microfiltration ceramic membranes from local Cameroonian clay applicable to water treatment", Ceram. Int., 41(2), 2752-2759. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2014.10.090.
  3. Bhatnagar, A. and Minocha, A.K. (2006), "Conventional and nonconventional adsorbents for removal of pollutants from water, a review", Indian J. Chem. Technol., 13, 203-217. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/7020.
  4. Djomgoue, P. and Njopwouo, D. (2013), "FT-IR spectroscopy applied for surface clays characterization", J. Surface Eng. Mater. Adv. Technol., 3(4), 275-282. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jsemat.2013.34037.
  5. El-Gendi, A., Ali, S., Abdalla, H. and Saied, M. (2016), "Microfiltration/ultrafiltration polyamide-6 membranes for copper removal from aqueous solutions", Membr. Water. Treat., 7(1), 55-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2016.7.1.055.
  6. El Khalfaouy, R., Elabed, A., Khallouk, K., El Knidri, H., Belaabed, R., Addaou, A., Laajeb, A. and Lahsini, A. (2017), "Microfiltration process for tannery wastewater treatment from a leather industry in Fez-Morocco area", J. Mater. Environ. Sci., 8(7), 2276- 2281.
  7. Endo, T., Sugiura, S., Sakamaki, M., Takizawa, H. and Shimada, M. (1994), "Sintering and mechanical properties of ${\beta}$-wollastonite", J. Mater. Sci., 29(6),1501-1506. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00368916.
  8. Eom, J., Kim, Y. and Song, I. (2015), "Effect of strontium carbonate content on flexural strength of clay-based membrane supports", J. Korean Ceramic Society, 52(6), 467-472. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2015.52.6.467.
  9. Garcia Sanchez, A., Alvarez Ayuso, E. and Jimenez de Blas, O. (1999), "Sorption of heavy metals from industrial waste water by low-cost mineral silicates", Clay Miner, 34(3), 469-477. https://doi.org/10.1180/000985599546370.
  10. German, R.M., Suri, P. and Park, S.J. (2008), "Review: Liquid phase sintering", J. Mater. Sci., 44, 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11003-008-9037-7
  11. Ghouil, B., Harabi, A., Bouzerara, F. and Brihi, N. (2016), "Elaboration and characterization of ceramic membrane supports from raw materials used in microfiltration", Desalina. Water, 57(12), 5241-5245. https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2015.1021098.
  12. Gunatilake, S.K. (2015), "Methods of removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater", J. Multidisciplinary Eng. Sci. Studies, 1, 15-18.
  13. Hammami, A., Charcosset, C. and Amar, R.R.B. (2017), "Performances of continuous adsorption-ultrafiltration hybrid process for AO7 dye removal from aqueous solution and real textile wastewater treatment", J. Membr. Sci. Technol., 7(1). 1-8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2155-9589.1000171.
  14. Hoff, K.A. (2003), "Modelling and experimental study of carbon dioxide absorption in a membrane contactor", Ph.D. Dissertation, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie034325a.
  15. Huang, C.M., Kuo, D.H., Kim, Y.J. and Kriven, W.M. (1994), "Phase stability of chemically derived enstatite ($MgSiO_3$) powders", J. Am. Ceram. Soc., 77(10), 2625-2631. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1994.tb04653.x.
  16. Jacobs, J. and Testa, S.M. (2004), Cr (VI) Handbook, CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida, U.S.A.
  17. Karnland, O., Olsson, S. and Nilsson, U. (2006), "Mineralogy and sealing properties of various bentonites and smectite-rich clay materials", SKB-TR-06-30; Swedish Nuclear Fuel and Waste Management Co.
  18. Klosek-Wawrzyn, E., Malolepszy, J. and Murzyn, P. (2013), "Sintering behavior of kaolin with calcite", Procedia Engineering, 57, 572-582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.04.073.
  19. Kocurek, P., Kolomaznik, K. and Barinova, M. (2014), "Chromium removal from wastewater by reverse osmosis", WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development, 10, 358-365.
  20. Krishanamoorthi, S., Sivakumar, V., Saravanan, K. and Sriram Prabhu, T.V. (2009), "Treatment and reuse of tannery waste water by embedded system", Modern Appl. Sci., 3(1), 129-134.
  21. Lee, Y., Eom, J., Kim, Y. and Song, I. (2015), "Effect of alkalineearth oxide additives on flexural strength of clay-based membrane supports", J. Korean Ceram. Soc., 52(3),180-185. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2015.52.3.180.
  22. Lira, C., Fredel, M.C., da Silveira, M.D. and Alarcon, O.E. (1998), "Effect of carbonates on firing shrinkage and on moisture expansion of porous ceramic tiles", Qualicer 98, Castellon, Spain, January.
  23. Lorente-Ayza, M.M., Mestre, S., Menendez, M. and Sanchez, E. (2015), "Comparison of extruded and pressed low cost ceramic supports for microfiltration membranes", J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 35(13), 3681-3691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2015.06.010.
  24. Mohamed Bazin, M., Ahmat, M.A., Zaidan, N., Ismail A.F. and Ahmad, N. (2014), "Effect of starch addition on microstructure and strength of ball clay membrane", J. Teknologi, 69(9), 117-120. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v69.3408.
  25. Monash, P. and Pugazhenthi, G. (2011), "Development of ceramic supports derived from low-cost raw materials for membrane applications and its optimization based on sintering temperature", Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 8(1), 227-238. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7402.2009.02443.x.
  26. Okada, K., Watanabe, N., Jha, V.K., Kameshima, Y., Yasumoria, A. and MacKenzie, K.J.D. (2003), "Uptake of various cations by amorphous $CaAl_2Si_2O_8$ prepared by solid-state reaction of Kaolinite with $CaCO_3$", J. Mater. Chem., 13(3), 550-556. https://doi.org/10.1039/B208796K.
  27. Panday, K.K., Prasad, G. and Singh, V.N. (1986), "Use of wollastonite for the treatment of Cu(II) rich effluents", Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 27(3-4), 287-296. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00649410.
  28. Rad, S.M., Mirbagheri, S.A. and Mohammadi, T. (2009), "Using reverse osmosis membrane for chromium removal from aqueous solution", World Acad. Sci. Eng. Technol., 57, 348-352.
  29. Ranganathan, K. and Kabadgi, S.D. (2011), "Studies on feasibility of reverse osmosis (membrane) technology for treatment of tannery wastewater", J. Environ. Protection, 2(1), 37-46. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2011.21004
  30. Shadreck, M. and Mugadza, T. (2013), "Chromium, an essential nutrient and pollutant: A review", African J. Pure Appl. Chem., 7(9), 310-317. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPAC2013. 0517.
  31. Stoller, M, Sacco, O., Sannino, D. and Chianese, A. (2013), "Successful integration of membrane technologies in a conventional purification process of tannery wastewater streams", Membranes, 3(3), 126-135. https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes3030126.
  32. Stoquarta, C., Servais, P., Berubec, P.R. and Barbeau, B. (2012), "Hybrid membrane processes using activated carbon treatment for drinking water: A review", J. Membr. Sci, 411-412, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2012.04.012.
  33. Strathmann, H. (2011), Introduction to Membrane Science and Technology, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany.
  34. Svab, I., Musil, V., Pustak, A. and Smit, I. (2009), "Wollastonitereinforce polypropylene composites modified with novel metallocene EPR copolymers: I. Phase structure and morphology", Polym. Composite, 30(8), 1091-1097. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.20660.
  35. Ufer, K., Stanjek, H., Roth, G., Dohrmann, R., Kleeberg, R. and Kaufhold, S. (2008), "Quantitative phase analysis of bentonites by the rietveld method", Clays and Clay Minerals, 56(2), 272-282. https://doi.org/10.1346/CCMN.2008.0560210.
  36. Vasanth, D., Pugazhenthi, G. and Uppaluri, R. (2011), "Fabrication and properties of low cost ceramic microfiltration membranes for separation of oil and bacteria from its solution", J. Membr. Sci., 379(1-2), 154-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.memsci.2011.05.050.
  37. Xirokostas, N., Korkolis, A., Diamantopoulou, L., Zarkathoula, Th. and Moutsatsou, A. (2003), "Characterization of metal retention agents and study of their application in liquid wastes", Global Nest Int. J., 5(1), 29-37.
  38. Zhang, G., Qin, Y., Lv, C., Liu, X., Zhao, Y. and Chen, L. (2016), "Adsorptive removal of Ni(II) ions from aqueous solution by PVDF/Gemini-ATP hybrid membrane", Membr. Water Treat., 7(3), 209-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/mwt.2016.7.3.209.
  39. Zhao, L., Li, Y., Zhang, L. and Cang, D. (2017), "Effects of CaO and $Fe_2O_3$ on the microstructure and mechanical properties of $SiO_2-CaO-MgO-Fe_2O_3$ ceramics from steel slag", ISI J. Int., 57, 15-22. https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.ISIJINT-2016-064.
  40. Ziegler, F. (2000), "Heavy metal binding in cement-based waste materials: An investigation of the mechanism of Zinc sorption to calcium silicate hydrate", Ph.D. Dissertation, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich.