Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine (정신신체의학)

Korean Psychosomatic Society (한국정신신체의학회)
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Relationship between Insomnia and Depression in Type 2 Diabetics

2형 당뇨병 환자에서 불면증과 우울 증상의 관련성

  • Lee, Jin Hwan (Department of Psychiatry, Kosin University College of Medicine) ;
  • Cheon, Jin Sook (Department of Psychiatry, Kosin University College of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Young Sik (Department of Internal Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Ho Chan (Department of Psychiatry, Kosin University College of Medicine) ;
  • Oh, Byoung Hoon (Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine)
  • 이진환 (고신대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 전진숙 (고신대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 최영식 (고신대학교 의과대학 내과학교실) ;
  • 김호찬 (고신대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 오병훈 (연세대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2019.04.04
  • Accepted : 2019.06.21
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

Objectives : Many of the patients with type 2 diabetes are associated with sleep problems, and the rate of insomnia is known to be higher in the general population. The aims of this study were to know the frequency and clnical characteristics of insomnia, and related variables to insomnia in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Methods : For 99 patients from 18 to 80 years of age (65 males and 34 females) with type 2 diabetes, interviews were performed. Total sleep time and sleep latency was evaluated. Insomnia was evaluated using the Korean Version of the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI-K). Severity of depressive symptoms were evaluted using the Korean version of the Hamilton Depression Scale (K-HDRM). According to the cutoff score of 15.5 on the ISI-K, subjects were divided into the group of type 2 diabetics with insomnia (N=34) and those without insomnia (N=65) at first, and then statistically analyzed. Results : TInsomnia could be found in 34.34% of type 2 diabetics. Type 2 diabetics with insomnia had significantly more single or divorced (respectively 11.8%, p<0.05), higher total scores of the K-HDRS ($11.76{\pm}5.52$, p<0.001), shorter total sleep time ($5.35{\pm}2.00hours$, p<0.001), and longer sleep latency ($50.29{\pm}33.80minutes$, p<0.001). The all item scores of the ISI-K in type 2 diabetics with insomnia were significantly higher than those in type 2 diabetics without insomnia, that is, total ($18.38{\pm}2.69$), A1 (Initial insomnia) ($2.97{\pm}0.76$), A2 (Middle insomnia) ($3.06{\pm}0.69$), A3 (Terminal insomnia) ($2.76{\pm}0.61$), B (Satisfaction) ($3.18{\pm}0.72$), C (Interference) ($2.09{\pm}0.97$), D (Noticeability) ($2.12{\pm}1.09$) and E (Distress) ($2.21{\pm}0.81$) (respectively p<0.001). Variables associated with insomnia in type 2 diabetics were as following. Age had significant negative correlation with A3 items of the ISI-K (${\beta}=-0.241$, p<0.05). Total scores of the K-HDRS had significant positive correlation, while total sleep time had significant negative correlation with all items of the ISI-K (respectively p<0.05). Sleep latency had significant positive correlation with total,, A1, B and E item scores of the ISI-K (respectively p<0.05). Conclusions : Insomnia was found in about 1/3 of type 2 diabetics. According to the presence of insomnia, clinical characteristics including sleep quality as well as quantity seemed to be different. Because depression seemed to be correlated with insomnia, clinicians should pay attention to early detection and intervention of depression among type 2 diabetics.

연구목적 2형 당뇨병을 지닌 환자의 다수에서 수면문제가 동반되며, 이들에서 불면증의 비율은 일반 인구에 비해서 높다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 불면증의 발생빈도, 불면증의 임상적 특징 및 이에 연관되는 변인을 알아보기 위함이다. 방 법 2형 당뇨병으로 진단받은 18세에서 80세 이하의 99명(남자 65명, 여자 34명)을 대상으로 연구자 1인(제1저자)가 면담을 시행하였다. 면담으로 수면 잠복기, 총 수면시간을 조사하였고, 한국판 불면증 심각도 지수(Korean Version of Insomnia Severity Index, ISI-K) 평가하고, 우울증상의 심각도는 한국판 Hamilton 우울증 평가 척도(Korean Version of the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, K-HDRS)로 평가하였다. ISI-K의 절취점 15.5점을 기준으로 불면증 있는 군(N=34명)과 불면증 없는 군(N=65)으로 양분하여 불면증군과 대조군의 여러 변인과의 연관성을 상관분석하고 다중 로지스틱 회귀분석을 사용하여 검토하여 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 결 과 2형 당뇨병 환자의 34.34%(N=34)에서 불면증이 있었다. 불면증이 있는 2형 당뇨병 환자군은 불면증이 없는 2형 당뇨병 환자군보다 유의하게 미혼(11.8%)이나 이혼(11.8%)이많았고(p<0.05), K-HDRS 총점($11.76{\pm}5.52$점)이 높았으며(p<0.001), 총수면시간($5.35{\pm}2.00$시간)이 짧았고(p<0.001), 수면잠복기($50.29{\pm}33.80$분)가 길었다(p<0.001). 불면증이 있는 2형 당뇨병 환자군은 불면증이 없는 2형 당뇨병 환자군보다 ISI-K 검사상 합계($18.38{\pm}2.69$점), A1 (입면)($2.97{\pm}0.76$점), A2 (수면유지)($3.06{\pm}0.69$점), A3 (일찍 깸)($2.76{\pm}0.61$점), B (수면만족도)($3.18{\pm}0.72$점), C (수면장애로 인한 기능방해)($2.09{\pm}0.97$점), D (남이 알아차림)($2.12{\pm}1.09$점), E (수면장애에 대한 걱정)($2.21{\pm}0.81$점) 등 모든 항목의 점수가 유의하게 높았다(각각 p<0.001). 2형 당뇨병 환자에서 불면증에 영향을 미치는 요인들은 다음과 같다. 나이는 ISI-K A3 항목과 유의한 역상관관계가 있었고 (${\beta}=-0.241$, p<0.05), K-HDRS 총점은 ISI-K 모든 항목과 유의한 순상관관계가 있었으며(각각 p<0.05), 총 수면시간은 ISI-K 모든 항목과 유의한 역상관관계가 있었다(각각 p<0.05). 수면잠복기는 ISI-K 합계, A1, B, E 항목과 유의한 순상관관계가 있었다(각각 p<0.05). 결 론 2형 당뇨병 환자의 약 1/3에서 불면증이 존재하며, 불면증이 없는 2형 당뇨병 환자군과 수면의 양적 및 질적 차이가 있음을 시사한다. 우울증상의 심각도는 2형 당뇨병 환자의 불면증과 상관관계가 있으므로 우울증의 조기 발견과 치료가 요구된다.

Keywords

Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of subjects (N=99)

JSSCBG_2019_v27n1_50_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Comparison of variables between type 2 diabetics with insomnia and those without insomnia

JSSCBG_2019_v27n1_50_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Comparison of scores of the ISI-K (Korean Version of Insomnia Severity Index) between type 2 diabetics with insomnia and those without insomnia

JSSCBG_2019_v27n1_50_t0003.png 이미지

Table 4. Correlation of the ISI-K (Korean Version of Insomnia Severity Index) with variables in type 2 diabetics

JSSCBG_2019_v27n1_50_t0004.png 이미지

Table 5. Variables infuencing on the ISI-K (Korean Version of Insomnia Severity Index) in type 2 diabetics

JSSCBG_2019_v27n1_50_t0005.png 이미지

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