Parasites, Hosts and Diseases

  • 제57권3호
  • /
  • Pages.233-242
  • /
  • 2019
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  • 2982-5164(pISSN)
  • /
  • 1738-0006(eISSN)
대한기생충학·열대의학회 (The Korea Society for Parasitology and Tropical Medicine)
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Malaria Prevalence in a Low Transmission Area, Jazan District of Southwestern Saudi Arabia

  • Hawash, Yousry (Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University) ;
  • Ismail, Khadiga (Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University) ;
  • Alsharif, Khalaf (Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University) ;
  • Alsanie, Walaa (Clinical Laboratories Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University)
  • 투고 : 2018.11.13
  • 심사 : 2019.05.03
  • 발행 : 2019.06.30
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초록

Detailed description of malaria in low transmission areas is crucial for elimination. The current study aimed to provide a comprehensive description for malaria transmission in Jazan, a low transmission district, southwestern Saudi Arabia. Patients at a tertiary care hospital were recruited in our study between August 2016 and September 2018. Malaria diagnosis was performed through a species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR), microscopy and Paramax-$3^{TM}$ rapid detection test (RDT). Malaria was detected in 30 patients by the PCR, with point prevalence of 10.9%. Of these malaria infections, 80% was imported, 26.6% was asymptomatic and 23.3% was sub-microscopic. Malaria was reported throughout the year, with February/March and September/October peaks. Infection was significantly more in males than in females (P=0.01). Likewise, infections were detected more in febrile than in non-febrile patients (P=0.01). Adult aged 15-24 years, fever and travel were identified as high-risk factors. Malaria was primarily attributed to Plasmodium falciparum mono-infections, followed by P. vivax mono-infections and lastly to falciparum/vivax mixed infections accounting 76.6%, 16.6%, and 6.6% of PCR-confirmed malaria cases, respectively. The nested PCR was superior to the smear microscopy (sensitivity 76.6%; specificity 100%) and the RDT (sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 94.2%). The overall percent agreement between microscopy and the RDT was 92.7% (kappa=0.63). High proportion of imported malaria including sub-microscopic and sub-patent cases were described. We suggest that incorporation of molecular tool into the conventional malaria diagnosis is beneficial in Jazan district.

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