Safety and Health at Work

Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (산업안전보건연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Workplace Diesel Exhausts and Gasoline Exposure and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Four Nordic Countries

  • Received : 2018.06.01
  • Accepted : 2019.01.02
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Evidence on associations between occupational diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure and colorectal cancer is limited. We aimed to assess the effect of workplace exposure to diesel exhaust and gasoline on the risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: This case-control study included 181,709 colon cancer and 109,227 rectal cancer cases diagnosed between 1961 and 2005 in Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden. Cases and controls were identified from the Nordic Occupational Cancer Study cohort and matched for country, birth year, and sex. Diesel exhaust and gasoline exposure values were assigned by country-specific job-exposure matrices. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated by using conditional logistic regression models. The results were adjusted for physical strain at work and occupational exposure to benzene, formaldehyde, ionizing radiation, chlorinated hydrocarbons, chromium, and wood dust. Results: Diesel exhaust exposure was associated with a small increase in the risk of rectal cancer (odds ratio - 1.05, 95% confidence interval 1.02-1.08). Gasoline exposure was not associated with colorectal cancer risk. Conclusion: This study showed a small risk increase for rectal cancer after workplace diesel exhaust exposure. However, this finding could be due to chance, given the limitations of the study.

Keywords

References

  1. Ferlay JSI, Ervik M, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, Parkin DM, Forman D, Bray F. GLOBOCAN 2012 v1.0, cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 11. Internet. Lyon: France International Agency for Research on Cancer. 2013. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr.
  2. Engholm GFJ, Christensen N, Hansen HL, Hertzum-Larsen R, Johannesen TB, Kejs AMT, Khan S, Olafsdottir E, Petersen T, Schmidt LKH, Virtanen A, Storm HH. Cancer incidence, mortality, prevalence and survival in the nordic countries, version 8.0 (20.12.2017): association of the nordic cancer registries. Danish Cancer Society. 2017. Available from: http://www.ancr.nu.
  3. Aune D, Chan DS, Vieira AR, Navarro Rosenblatt DA, Vieira R, Greenwood DC, et al. Red and processed meat intake and risk of colorectal adenomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Cancer Causes Control 2013;24(4):611-27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-0139-z
  4. Liang PS, Chen TY, Giovannucci E. Cigarette smoking and colorectal cancer incidence and mortality: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cancer 2009;124(10):2406-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.24191
  5. Nilsen TI, Romundstad PR, Petersen H, Gunnell D, Vatten LJ. Recreational physical activity and cancer risk in subsites of the colon (the Nord-Trondelag Health Study). Canc Epidemiol Biomark Prev A Pub Am Assoc Canc Res Cospons Am Soc Prev Oncol 2008;17(1):183-8.
  6. Perera PS, Thompson RL, Wiseman MJ. Recent evidence for colorectal cancer prevention through healthy food, nutrition, and physical activity: implications for recommendations. Curr Nutr Rep 2012;1(1):44-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-011-0006-7
  7. Schlesinger S, Aleksandrova K, Abar L, Vieria AR, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, et al. Adult weight gain and colorectal adenomas-a systematic review and metaanalysis. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol 2017;28(6):1217-29. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx080
  8. Vieira AR, Abar L, Chan DSM, Vingeliene S, Polemiti E, Stevens C, et al. Foods and beverages and colorectal cancer risk: a systematic review and metaanalysis of cohort studies, an update of the evidence of the WCRF-AICR Continuous Update Project. Ann Oncol Off J Eur Soc Med Oncol 2017;28(8):1788-802. https://doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdx171
  9. Pahwa M, Harris MA, MacLeod J, Tjepkema M, Peters PA, Demers PA. Sedentary work and the risks of colon and rectal cancer by anatomical sub-site in the Canadian census health and environment cohort (CanCHEC). Canc Epidemiol 2017;49:144-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2017.06.004
  10. Sormunen J, Talibov M, Martinsen JI, Kjaerheim K, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, et al. Perceived physical strain at work and incidence of colorectal cancer: a nested case-control study. Canc Epidemiol 2016;43:100-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2016.07.001
  11. Offermans NS, Vermeulen R, Burdorf A, Goldbohm RA, Keszei AP, Peters S, et al. Occupational asbestos exposure and risk of esophageal, gastric and colorectal cancer in the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study. Int J Canc 2014;135(8):1970-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28817
  12. Wang X, Ji A, Zhu Y, Liang Z, Wu J, Li S, et al. A meta-analysis including dose-response relationship between night shift work and the risk of colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015;6(28):25046-60. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.4502
  13. Goldberg MS, Parent ME, Siemiatycki J, Desy M, Nadon L, Richardson L, et al. A case-control study of the relationship between the risk of colon cancer in men and exposures to occupational agents. Am J Ind Med 2001;39(6):531-46. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajim.1052
  14. Kaerlev L, Hansen J, Hansen HL, Nielsen PS. Cancer incidence among Danish seafarers: a population based cohort study. Occup Environ Med 2005;62(11):761-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2005.020818
  15. Malloy EJ, Miller KL, Eisen EA. Rectal cancer and exposure to metalworking fluids in the automobile manufacturing industry. Occup Environ Med 2007;64(4):244-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2006.027300
  16. Friesen MC, Betenia N, Costello S, Eisen EA. Metalworking fluid exposure and cancer risk in a retrospective cohort of female autoworkers. Cancer Causes Control 2012;23(7):1075-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-012-9976-z
  17. Fang R, Le N, Band P. Identification of occupational cancer risks in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based case-control study of 1,155 cases of colon cancer. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2011;8(10):3821-43. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph8103821
  18. Kachuri L, Villeneuve PJ, Parent ME, Johnson KC, Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group, Harris SA. Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men. Environ Health 2016;15:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12940-016-0088-1
  19. Siemiatycki J, Gerin M, Stewart P, Nadon L, Dewar R, Richardson L. Associations between several sites of cancer and ten types of exhaust and combustion products. Results from a case-referent study in Montreal. Scand J Work Environ Health 1988;14(2):79-90. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.1949
  20. Pukkala E, Martinsen JI, Lynge E, Gunnarsdottir HK, Sparen P, Tryggvadottir L, et al. Occupation and cancer - follow-up of 15 million people in five Nordic countries. Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) 2009;48(5):646-790. https://doi.org/10.1080/02841860902913546
  21. Kauppinen T, Toikkanen J, Pukkala E. From cross-tabulations to multipurpose exposure information systems: a new job-exposure matrix. Am J Ind Med 1998;33(4):409-17. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0274(199804)33:4<409::AID-AJIM12>3.0.CO;2-2
  22. Kauppinen T, Heikkila P, Plato N, Woldbaek T, Lenvik K, Hansen J, et al. Construction of job-exposure matrices for the nordic occupational cancer study (NOCCA). Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) 2009;48(5):791-800. https://doi.org/10.1080/02841860902718747
  23. Hosmer Jr David W, SL, Sturdivant Rodney X. Model-building strategies and methods for logistic regression. Applied logistic regression. 3rd ed. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 2013. p. 89-151.
  24. National Institute for Health and Welfare. Health behavior and health among the Finnish adult population. Tampere, Finland: Spring; 2015.
  25. Humans IWGotEoCRt. Diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and some nitroarenes. Lyon (FR): International Agency for Research on Cancer: IARC; 2014.
  26. Ris CUS. EPA health assessment for diesel engine exhaust: a review. Inhal Toxicol 2007;19(Suppl. 1):229-39. https://doi.org/10.1080/08958370701497960
  27. Gupta T, Kothari A, Srivastava D, Agarwal A. Measurement of number and size distribution of particles emitted from a mid-sized transportation multipoint port fuel injection gasoline engine; 2010. p. 2230-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2009.12.014
  28. Lippmann M, Yeates DB, Albert RE. Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles. Br J Ind Med 1980;37(4):337-62.
  29. Danielsen PH, Risom L, Wallin H, Autrup H, Vogel U, Loft S, et al. DNA damage in rats after a single oral exposure to diesel exhaust particles. Mutat Res 2008;637(1-2):49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2007.06.011
  30. Dybdahl M, Risom L, Moller P, Autrup H, Wallin H, Vogel U, et al. DNA adduct formation and oxidative stress in colon and liver of Big Blue rats after dietary exposure to diesel particles. Carcinogenesis 2003;24(11):1759-66. https://doi.org/10.1093/carcin/bgg147
  31. Pukkala E, Engholm G, Hojsgaard Schmidt LK, Storm H, Khan S, Lambe M, et al. Nordic Cancer Registries - an overview of their procedures and data comparability. Acta Oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden) 2018;57(4):440-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/0284186X.2017.1407039
  32. Kolari R. Occupational mortality in Finland 1975/1980/1985. Helsinki (Finland): Statistics Finland; 1989.
  33. Statistics Norway. Population and housing census 1970. Evaluation survey. Oslo, Norway: Statistisk Sentralbyra; 1970.
  34. El-Zaemey S, Anand TN, Heyworth JS, Boyle T, van Tongeren M, Fritschi L. Case-control study to assess the association between colorectal cancer and selected occupational agents using INTEROCC job exposure matrix. Occup Environ Med 2018;75(4):290-5. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2017-104795

Cited by

  1. Evaluation of the Effect of an Exhaust Reduction System in Fire Stations vol.11, pp.22, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11226358
  2. Hereditary, environmental, and dietary risk factors of colorectal cancer: a case-control study in the Algerian East vol.28, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10378-y