Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology (수면정신생리)

KOREAN ACADEMY OF SLEEP MEDICINE (대한수면의학회)
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Assessment and Understanding of Chronotype

일주기 유형의 평가와 이해

  • Kim, Somin (Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine) ;
  • Kim, Seog Ju (Department of Psychiatry, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine)
  • 김소민 (삼성서울병원 정신건강의학과, 성균관대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실) ;
  • 김석주 (삼성서울병원 정신건강의학과, 성균관대학교 의과대학 정신건강의학교실)
  • Received : 2018.12.11
  • Accepted : 2019.06.03
  • Published : 2019.06.30
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Abstract

Chronotype (CT) is defined as an inter-individual difference in sleep-wake cycles and daily activities. Previous studies have suggested that this individual difference can influence our biological and psychological functioning. Literature regarding the psychometric properties and validity of CT measures are reviewed. We provide an overview of biological indicators (sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, cortisol, and melatonin) that are used for distinguishing two chronotypes: morningness (MT) and eveningness (ET). We also review the differences between CT in relation to personality traits and the occurrence of psychopathology. In addition, the methodological limitations of studies on CT are discussed. Finally, future research directions in terms of CT are proposed.

일주기 유형의 차이는 다양한 관점에서 이해되어야 한다. 기존 연구결과들에 따르면 일주기 유형 중 아침형이 몇몇 정신장애의 보호요인인 반면 저녁형은 위험 요인으로 나타났다. 일반적으로 아침형에서 나타나는 습관들은 저녁형보다 더 건강하다. 성인의 생활양식을 형성하는 과정에 있는 청소년 시기와 생활습관과 관련된 건강 문제가 잦아지는 노년기에 일주기 유형의 중요성이 더욱 크다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 일주기 유형을 생물-심리-사회적 건강 모델에 포함시켜 보다 효율적인 예방 및 치료적 접근을 설계하는 것이 중요하겠다. 정신장애 치료에서도 일주기 리듬을 고려해야 한다. 일반적으로 취침-기상, 식사, 그리고 일상 활동을 규칙적인 아침형 패턴으로 변화시키는 것이 도움이 될 수 있다. 광치료(light therapy)와 멜라토닌 주입(melatonin administration)과 같은 전략들도 정신장애의 치료 및 재발 방지에 효과적일 수 있다. 일주기 유형 기저의 유전학을 이해하는 것 또한 어떤 사람이 특정한 생활 양식이나 정신장애에 취약한지 구별하는데 도움이 될 수 있다.

Keywords

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