Table 1. Annual effective dose for internal exposure by company and manufacturing process
Table 2. Annual effective dose for external exposure by company and manufacturing process
Table 3. Total annual effective dose for internal and external exposure by company and manufacturing process
References
- Alnour IA, Wagiran H, Ibrahim N, Hamzah S, and Elias MS. Determination of the elemental concentration of uranium and thorium in the products and by-products of Amang. tin tailings process. AIP Conference Proceedings 1799, 030003 (2017);10.1063/1.4972913. Standardless ...
- Celebi N, Ataksor B, Taskin H, Albayrak BN. Indoor radon measurements in Turkey dwellings. Radiat Prot Dosim 2014, Available from: http://dx.doi:10.1093/rpd/ncu329
- Chung EK, Kwon JW, Kim KB, Kim JK, Jang JK et al. A study for occupational exposure and assessment method of radon. Research Report of Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute(Pub. No. 2014-814).; 2014. p. 1-95
- Chung EK, Kim KB. A study on gamma-spectrometric measurement for naturally occurring radioactive material. Research Report of Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute(Pub. No. 2016-769).; 2016. p. 1-84
- Ekidin A, Kirdin I, Yarmoshenko I, Zhukovsky M. The problems of individual monitoring for internal exposure of monazite storage facility workers. U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Scientific and Technical Information, p. 1-10, 2003. Available from: https://www.osti.gov/etdeweb/servlets/purl/20992905
- EPA(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency). EPA assessment of risks from radon in homes. Washington, DC: EPA; 402-R-03-003; 2003. Available at: http://www.epa.gov/radiation/docs/assessment/402-r-03-003.pdf
- Epstein L, Koch J, Riemer T, Orion I, Haquin G. Radon concentrations in different types of dwellings in Israel. Radiat Prot Dosim 2014;162:605-608 https://doi.org/10.1093/rpd/nct346
- IAEA(International Atomic Energy Agency). Extent of environmental contamination by NORM and technological option for mitigation. IAEA technical report series No 419. Vienna, Austria, 2003;55-163.
- IAEA. Naturally Occurring Radiative Material(NORM V). Proceedings of an international symposium, IAEA Vienna, 2007
- IAEA. Radiation protection and management of NORM residues in the phosphate industry. Safety Reports Series: No.78 IAEA Vienna, 2013
- IAEA. Radiation protection and NORM residue management in the production of rare earths from thorium containing minerals. IAEA safety report series No 68. Vienna, Austria, 2010;40-241
- ICRP(International Commission on Radiological Protection). Lung cancer risk from radon and progeny & statement on radon. ICRP Publication 115, Ann. ICRP 40(1), 2010
- ICRP. Occupational intakes of radionuclides: Part 3. ICRP Publication 137, Ann. ICRP 46(3-4), 2018
- ICKL(Information Center of Korea Laws). Surrounding radiation safety management law. Nuclear Safety and Security Commission, 2019
- Ismail Bahari. Radiological and environmental impact of Amang, a TENORM industry in Malaysia. Technologically enhanced naturally occurring radioactive materials INIS-MY-010. Vol 29, Issue 31, 1997. Available from: https://inis.iaea.org/ collection/NCLCollectionStore/_Public/29/041/29041542.pdf
- Jin YW, Seo SW, Ha WH, Kang JK, Lee DN et al. Health effects of exposure to radon: implications of the radon bed mattress incident in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2019;41:e2019004 p. 1-7 https://doi.org/10.4178/epih.e2019004
- Kim KP, Choi CK, Kim YG, Ji SW, Koo BC et al. Development of internal dose assessment procedure for workers in industries using raw materials containing naturally occurring radioactive materials. Journal of Radiation Protection and Research 2016;41(3):291-300 https://doi.org/10.14407/jrpr.2016.41.3.291
- Maria Quarto, Mariagabriella Pugliese, Giuseppe La Verde, Filomena Loffredo and Vincenzo Roca. Radon exposure assessment and relative effective dose estimation to inhabitants of Puglia region, South Italy. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2015, 12, 14948-14957; doi:10.3390/ijerph121114948
- Mini K, Manujunatha BM, Sreekumar K. Estimation of radioactivity exposure hazard in environmental matrices due to monazite in placer deposits of southwest coast of Tamilnadu, India. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering 2014;4(6):431-434
- MoEL(Ministry of Employment and Labor). Exposure limits for chemical substances and physical agents (MoELPublic Notice No. 2018-62). 2018
- Park DU, Yi SJ, Kim SY, Kwak HS, Lee SH et al. Effective doses estimated according to characteristics of airborne radon and thoron levels generated from some household products. J Environ Health Sci 2019;45(2):99-112
- WHO, WHO Handbook on indoor radon: A Public Health Perspective. WHO Press, Geneva, 2009
- Yassin A. Abdel-Razek, Osman. A. Desouky, Ashraf Elshenawy, Amal S. Nasr1, Haitham S. Mohmmed et al. Assessment of the radiation exposures during separation of rare earth elements from monazite mineral. International Journal of Advanced Research 2016;4(7):265-272