Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회지)

Korean Society of Applied Biomechanics (한국운동역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Strategies of Collision Avoidance with Moving and Stationary Human Obstacles during Walking

보행 시 인간 장애물의 동적·정적 상태에 따른 충돌회피전략

  • Lee, Yeon-Jong (Department of Sport and Leisure, Semyung University) ;
  • Kim, Joo-Nyeon (Department of Sport and Leisure, Semyung University)
  • Received : 2019.01.25
  • Accepted : 2019.05.03
  • Published : 2019.06.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the strategies for avoiding moving and stationary walker using body segments during walking. Method: Ten healthy young adults (10 males, age: $24.40{\pm}0.49yrs$, height: $175.80{\pm}5.22cm$, body mass: $70.30{\pm}5.22kg$) participated in this study. Each participant was asked to perform a task to avoid collisions with another walker who was moving or stationary during walking on the 10 m walkway. Both walkers were performed at natural self-selected walking speed. Results: Medio-lateral avoidance displacement of the trunk and the pelvis were significantly increased when avoiding a stationary walker (p<.05). There were no significant differences in medio-lateral center of mass trajectory. Rotation angle of trunk, pelvis and foot on the vertical axis were significantly increased when avoiding a stationary walker (p<.05). Conclusion: Based on our results, when another walker moves continuously, the walker recognizes another walker as the object of social interaction and performs the avoidance strategies while expecting the cooperative distance. On the other hand, when another walker is stopped, it is determined that the walker has an obligation to avoid, and the walker performs a relatively safer avoidance strategy.

Keywords

OOOSBL_2019_v29n2_97_f0001.png 이미지

Figure 1. Walking path (blue-line) and whole-body movement (skeletal figure) between obstacle avoidance (A) and obstacle circumvention (B)

OOOSBL_2019_v29n2_97_f0002.png 이미지

Figure 2. Definitions of medio-lateral avoidance displacements, medio-lateral COM trajectories and rotation angles on vertical axis of trunk, pelvis and foot

OOOSBL_2019_v29n2_97_f0003.png 이미지

Figure 3. Mean ± standard deviation of the medio-lateral avoidance displacement (A), the medio-lateral COM trajectory (B), and the rotation angle on the vertical axis of trunk, pelvis and foot (C) during walking and avoiding from moving or stationary walker. The * symbol indicates a significant difference between avoidance strategies from moving and stationary walker.

Table 1. Summary information for the participants

OOOSBL_2019_v29n2_97_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Mean ± standard deviations of the avoidance strategies and the paired t-test results

OOOSBL_2019_v29n2_97_t0002.png 이미지

References

  1. Alcock, L., Galna, B., Hausdorff, J. M., Lord, S. & Rochester, L. (2018). Gait & Posture Special Issue: Gait adaptations in response to obstacle type in fallers with Parkinson's disease. Gait & Posture, 61, 368-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.030
  2. Aravind, G. & Lamontagne, A. (2014). Perceptual and locomotor factors affect obstacle avoidance in persons with visuospatial neglect. Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation, 11(1), 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1743-0003-11-38
  3. Barbieri, F. A., Polastri, P. F., Gobbi, L. T. B., Simieli, L., Pereira, V. I. A., Baptista, A. M., ... & Rodrigues, S. T. (2018). Obstacle circumvention and eye coordination during walking to least and most affected side in people with Parkinson's disease. Behavioural Brain Research, 346, 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2017.11.032
  4. Basili, P., Saglam, M., Kruse, T., Huber, M., Kirsch, A. & Glasauer, S. (2013). Strategies of locomotor collision avoidance. Gait & Posture, 37(3), 385-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.08.003
  5. Cinelli, M. E., Patla, A. E. & Allard, F. (2008). Strategies used to walk through a moving aperture. Gait & Posture, 27(4), 595-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.08.002
  6. Choi, P. H. & Yoon, S. H. (2010). The kinetic and kinematic effect of a 12-week aquatic exercise program on obstacle gait in older women. Korean Journal of Sports Biomechanics, 20(2), 129-137. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2010.20.2.129
  7. Cole, G. K., Nigg, B. M., Ronsky, J. L. & Yeadon, M. R. (1993). Application of the joint coordinate system to threedimensional joint attitude and movement representation: a standardization proposal. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 115(4A), 344-349. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2895496
  8. Cutting, J. E., Vishton, P. M. & Braren, P. A. (1995). How we avoid collisions with stationary and moving objects. Psychological Review, 102(4), 627. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.102.4.627
  9. Fajen, B. R. (2013). Guiding locomotion in complex, dynamic environments. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 7, 85. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00085
  10. Gerin-Lajoie, M., Richards, C. L., Fung, J. & McFadyen, B. J. (2008). Characteristics of personal space during obstacle circumvention in physical and virtual environments. Gait & Posture, 27(2), 239-247. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2007.03.015
  11. Gerin-Lajoie, M., Richards, C. L. & McFadyen, B. J. (2005). The negotiation of stationary and moving obstructions during walking: anticipatory locomotor adaptations and preservation of personal space. Motor Control, 9(3), 242-269. https://doi.org/10.1123/mcj.9.3.242
  12. Gerin-Lajoie, M., Richards, C. L. & McFadyen, B. J. (2006). The circumvention of obstacles during walking in different environmental contexts: a comparison between older and younger adults. Gait & Posture, 24(3), 364-369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2005.11.001
  13. Gibson, J. J. (1979). The ecological approach to visual perception. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
  14. Hackney, A. L., Cinelli, M. E. & Frank, J. S. (2015). Does the passability of apertures change when walking through human versus pole obstacles?. Acta Psychologica, 162, 62-68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2015.10.007
  15. Hackney, A. L., Van Ruymbeke, N., Bryden, P. J. & Cinelli, M. E. (2014). Direction of single obstacle circumvention in middleaged children. Gait & Posture, 40(1), 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2014.03.005
  16. Iachini, T., Coello, Y., Frassinetti, F. & Ruggiero, G. (2014). Body space in social interactions: a comparison of reaching and comfort distance in immersive virtual reality. PloS One, 9(11), e111511. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0111511
  17. Kim, S. B. & Yu, Y. J. (2009). The Characteristics of obstacle gaits in female elders after 12 weeks of an aquatic program. Korean Journal of Sports Biomechanics, 19(3), 539-547. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2009.19.3.539
  18. Lynch, S. D., Kulpa, R., Meerhoff, L. A., Pettre, J., Cretual, A. & Olivier, A. H. (2017). Collision avoidance behavior between walkers: global and local motion cues. IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics.
  19. Olivier, A. H., Marin, A., Cretual, A., Berthoz, A. & Pettre, J. (2013). Collision avoidance between two walkers: Role-dependent strategies. Gait & Posture, 38(4), 751-756. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2013.03.017
  20. Patla, A. E., Adkin, A., Martin, C., Holden, R. & Prentice, S. (1996). Characteristics of voluntary visual sampling of the environment for safe locomotion over different terrains. Experimental Brain Research, 112(3), 513-522.
  21. Patla, A. E., Prentice, S. D., Robinson, C. & Neufeld, J. (1991). Visual control of locomotion: strategies for changing direction and going over obstacles. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 17(3), 604-634.
  22. Patla, A. E. & Shumway-Cook, A. (1999). Dimensions of mobility: defining the complexity and difficulty associated with community mobility. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 7(1), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.1123/japa.7.1.7
  23. Pham, Q. C. & Hicheur, H. (2009). On the open-loop and feedback processes that underlie the formation of trajectories during visual and nonvisual locomotion in humans. Journal of Neurophysiology, 102(5), 2800-2815. https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.00284.2009
  24. Pham, Q. C., Hicheur, H., Arechavaleta, G., Laumond, J. P. & Berthoz, A. (2007). The formation of trajectories during goal‐oriented locomotion in humans. II. A maximum smoothness model. European Journal of Neuroscience, 26(8), 2391-2403. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05835.x
  25. Silva, W. S., Aravind, G., Sangani, S. & Lamontagne, A. (2018). Healthy young adults implement distinctive avoidance strategies while walking and circumventing virtual human vs. non-human obstacles in a virtual environment. Gait & Posture, 61, 294-300. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.01.028
  26. Simieli, L., Vitorio, R., Rodrigues, S. T., Zago, P. F. P., Pereira, V. A. I., Baptista, A. M., ... & Barbieri, F. A. (2017). Gaze and motor behavior of people with PD during obstacle circumvention. Gait & Posture, 58, 504-509. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.09.016
  27. Vallis, L. A. & McFadyen, B. J. (2003). Locomotor adjustments for circumvention of an obstacle in the travel path. Experimental Brain Research, 152(3), 409-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-003-1558-6
  28. Yoon, S., Chang, J. K. & Kim, J. (2014). Effects of a water exercise on the lower extremities coordination during obstacle gait in the female elderly-focusing on training and detraining effects. Korean Journal of Sport Biomechanics, 24(2), 95-101. https://doi.org/10.5103/KJSB.2014.24.2.95