Figure 1. Schematic diagram of a bubbling fluidized bed reactor for fast pyrolysis.
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of an autoclave reactor.
Figure 3. Thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves for the spent coffee (a) and spent coffee bio-oil (b) at heating rate of 10 ℃ min-1.
Figure 4. Carbon number distribution of spent coffee bio-oil and HDO of spent coffee bio-oil at different reaction conditions.
Table 1. Characteristics of spent coffee and spent coffee bio-oil
Table 2. The effect of different reaction conditions on product distribution of SCO in an autoclave reactor, at reaction time of 60 min
Table 3. Composition of bio-oil produced by HDO of SCO at 250 ℃, 3 bar with dolomite and HZSM-5 catalysts
Table 3. To be Continue
참고문헌
- Renewables 2018, https://www.iea.org/renewables2018/.
- Biomass, https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/biomass.
- Ly, H. V., Lim, D.-H., Sim, J. W., Kim, S.-S., and Kim, J., "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Tulip Tree (Liriodendron) in Bubbling Fluidized-bed Reactor for Upgrading Bio-oil using Dolomite catalyst," Energy, 162, 564-575 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.001
- Kim, S.-S., Shenoy, A., and Agblevor, F. A., "Thermogravimetric and Kinetic Study of Pinyon Pine in the Various Gases," Bioresour. Technol., 156, 297-302 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.066
- Ly, H. V., Kim, S.-S., Kim, J. Kim, Choi, J. H., and Woo, H. C., "Effect of Acid Washing on Pyrolysis of Cladophora Socialis Alga in Microtubing Reactor," Energ. Convers. Manage., 106, 260-267 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2015.09.041
- Kim, S.-S., Ly, H. V., Kim, J, Lee, E. Y., and Woo, H. C., "Pyrolysis of Microalgae Residue Biomass Derived from Dunaliella Tertiolecta after Lipid Extraction and Carbohydrate Saccharification," Chem. Eng. J., 263, 194-199 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.11.045
- International Coffee Organization, Word Coffee Consumption, http://www.ico.org/prices/new-consumption-table.pdf
- Kim, T.-S., Kim, K.-H., Han, G.-S., Choi, I.-G., and Choi, J.-W., "Evaluation of Possibility of Spent Coffee Grounds for Biodiesel Production," J. Korea Soc. Waste Manage., 27(8), 694-699 (2010).
- Ktori, R., Kamaterou, P., and Zabaniotou, A., "Spent Coffee Grounds Valorization through Pyrolysis for Energy and Materials Production in the Concept of Circular Economy," Materials Today: Proceeding, 5, 27582-27588 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2018.09.078
- Luz, F. C., Cordiner, S., Manni, A., Mulone, V., and Rocco, V., "Biomass Fast Pyrolysis in Screw Reactors: Prediction of Spent Coffee Grounds Bio-oil Production through a Monodimensional Model," Energ. Convers. Manage, 168, 88-106 (2018).
- Venkatakrishnan, V. K., Degenstein, J. C., Smeltz, A. D., Delgass, W. N., Agrawal, R., and Ribeiro, F. H., "High-pressure Fast-pyrolysis, Fast-hydropyrolysis and Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Cellulose: Production of Liquid Fuel from Biomass," Green Chem., 16(2), 792-802 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1039/c3gc41558a
-
Güell, A. J., Li, C. Z., Herod, A. A., Stokes, B. J., Hancock, P., and Kandiyot, R., "Effect of
$H_2$ -pressure on the Structures of Bio-oils from the Mild Hydropyrolysis of Biomass," Biomass Bioenerg., 5(2), 155-171 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1016/0961-9534(93)90097-N - Yim, J., Yoon, G. S., Lee, S., Kim, G., "A Feasibility Study of using Coffee Ground Oil-butanol Blended Fuel in a Diesel Tractor," Transactions of KSAE, 27(2), 77-84 (2019). https://doi.org/10.7467/KSAE.2019.27.2.077
- Ly, H. V., Choi, J. H., Woo, H. C. Woo, Kim, S.-S., and Kim, J., "Upgrading Bio-oil by Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis of Acid-washed Saccharina Japonica Alga in a Fluidized-bed Reactor," Renew. Energ., 133, 11-22 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.09.103
- Ly, H. V., Kim, S.-S., Woo, H. C., Choi, J. H., Suh, D. J., and Kim, J., "Fast Pyrolysis of Macroalga Saccharina Japonica in a Bubbling Fluidized-bed Reactor for Bio-oil Production," Energy, 93, 1436-1446 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.011
- He, Z., and Wang, X., "Hydrodeoxygenation of Model Compounds and Catalytic Systems for Pyrolysis Bio-oils Upgrading," Catal. Sustain. Energy, 1, 28-52 (2012).
- Ngo, T.-A., Kim, J., and Kim, S.-S., "Fast Pyrolysis of Palm Kernel Cake using a Fluidized Bed Reactor: Design of Experiment and Characteristics of Bio-oil," J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 19, 137-143 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2012.07.015
- Ngo, T.-A., Kim, J., and Kim, S.-S., "Fast Pyrolysis of Spent Coffee Waste and Oak Wood Chips in a Micro-Tubular Reactor," Energ. Source Part A, 37, 1186-1194 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2011.608779
- Yathavan, B. K., and Agblevor, F. A., "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Pinyon−Juniper using Red Mud and HZSM5," Energ. Fuel, 27, 6858-6865 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ef401853a
- Liu, T.-L., Cao, J.-P., Zhao, X.-Y., and Wang, J.-X., Ren, X.-Y., Fan, X., Zhao, Y.-F., and Wei, X-Y., "In situ Upgrading of Shengli Lignite Pyrolysis Vapors Over Metal-loaded HZSM-5 catalyst," Fuel Process. Technol., 160, 19-26 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2017.02.012
- Ngo, T.-A., Kim, J., and Kim, S.-S., "Fast Pyrolysis of Spent Coffee Waste and Oak Wood Chips in a Micro-Tubular Reactor," Energ. Source Part A, 37, 1186-1194 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1080/15567036.2011.608779
- López, A., Marco, I., Caballero, B. M., Laresgoiti, M. F., Adrados, A., and Aranzabal., A., "Catalytic Pyrolysis of Plastic Wastes with Two Different Types of Catalysts: ZSM-5 zeolite and Red Mud," Appl. Catal. B., 104, 211-219 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2011.03.030
- Kim, S.-S., Chun, B. H. Chun, and Kim, S. H., "Non-isothermal Pyrolysis of Waste Automobile Lubricating Oil in a Stirred Batch Reactor," Chem. Eng. J., 93, 225-231 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00262-0