References
- Lee F, Jamison DE, Hurley RW, Cohen SP. Epidural lysis of adhesions. Korean J Pain 2014; 27: 3-15. https://doi.org/10.3344/kjp.2014.27.1.3
- Ross JS, Robertson JT, Frederickson RC, Petrie JL, Obuchowski N, Modic MT, et al. Association between peridural scar and recurrent radicular pain after lumbar discectomy: magnetic resonance evaluation. ADCON-L European Study Group. Neurosurgery 1996; 38: 855-61. https://doi.org/10.1227/00006123-199604000-00053
- Igarashi T, Hirabayashi Y, Seo N, Saitoh K, Fukuda H, Suzuki H. Lysis of adhesions and epidural injection of steroid/local anaesthetic during epiduroscopy potentially alleviate low back and leg pain in elderly patients with lumbar spinal stenosis. Br J Anaesth 2004; 93: 181-7. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aeh201
- Robertson JT. Role of peridural fibrosis in the failed back: a review. Eur Spine J 1996; 5(Suppl 1): S2-6. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298565
- Trescot AM, Chopra P, Abdi S, Datta S, Schultz DM. Systematic review of effectiveness and complications of adhesiolysis in the management of chronic spinal pain: an update. Pain Physician 2007; 10: 129-46.
- Racz GB, Heavner JE, Trescot A. Percutaneous lysis of epidural adhesions--evidence for safety and efficacy. Pain Pract 2008; 8: 277-86. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2008.00203.x
- Helm Ii S, Benyamin RM, Chopra P, Deer TR, Justiz R. Percutaneous adhesiolysis in the management of chronic low back pain in post lumbar surgery syndrome and spinal stenosis: a systematic review. Pain Physician 2012; 15: E435-62.
- Waldman SD. Atlas of interventional pain management. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier Saunders. 2014, pp 568-76.
- Birkenmaier C, Redeker J, Sievers B, Melcher C, Jansson V, Mayer-Wagner S. An evaluation of medications commonly used for epidural neurolysis procedures in a human fibroblast cell culture model. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2011; 36: 140-4. https://doi.org/10.1097/AAP.0b013e31820d41c4
- Manchikanti L, Rivera JJ, Pampati V, Damron KS, McManus CD, Brandon DE, et al. One day lumbar epidural adhesiolysis and hypertonic saline neurolysis in treatment of chronic low back pain: a randomized, double-blind trial. Pain Physician 2004; 7: 177-86.
- Erdine S, Talu GK. Precautions during epidural neuroplasty. Pain Pract 2002; 2: 308-14. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1533-2500.2002.02038.x
- Baraniuk JN, Ali M, Yuta A, Fang SY, Naranch K. Hypertonic saline nasal provocation stimulates nociceptive nerves, substance P release, and glandular mucous exocytosis in normal humans. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160: 655-62. https://doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.160.2.9805081
- Leffler AS, Kosek E, Hansson P. Injection of hypertonic saline into musculus infraspinatus resulted in referred pain and sensory disturbances in the ipsilateral upper arm. Eur J Pain 2000; 4: 73-82. https://doi.org/10.1053/eujp.1999.0160
- Bennell K, Hodges P, Mellor R, Bexander C, Souvlis T. The nature of anterior knee pain following injection of hypertonic saline into the infrapatellar fat pad. J Orthop Res 2004; 22: 116-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0736-0266(03)00162-1
- Choi EJ, Yoo YJ, Lee PB, Kim YC, Lee SC, Moon JY. A retrospective study to evaluate the effect of concentration of hypertonic saline on efficacy and safety of epidural adhesiolysis. Anesth Analg 2017; 124: 2021-9. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000001925
- Jankovic D, Peng P. Regional nerve blocks in anesthesia and pain therapy: traditional and ultrasound-guided techniques. Cham, Springer. 2015, pp 655-70.
- Kim J, Shin W. How to do random allocation (randomization). Clin Orthop Surg 2014; 6: 103-9. https://doi.org/10.4055/cios.2014.6.1.103
- Kim JH, Jung HJ, Nahm FS, Lee PB. Does improvement in epidurography following percutaneous epidural neuroplasty correspond to patient outcome? Pain Pract 2015; 15: 407-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/papr.12197
- Seo H, inventor; Yoo J, assignee. Piezo-electric actuated infusion pump. Korea patents KR101127126B1. 2012 Mar 21.
- Scarfone RJ, Jasani M, Gracely EJ. Pain of local anesthetics: rate of administration and buffering. Ann Emerg Med 1998; 31: 36-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0196-0644(98)70278-1
- Cardoso MM, Carvalho JC. Epidural pressures and spread of 2% lidocaine in the epidural space: influence of volume and speed of injection of the local anesthetic solution. Reg Anesth Pain Med 1998; 23: 14-9.
- Son WG, Jang M, Yoon J, Lee LY, Lee I. The effect of epidural injection speed on epidural pressure and distribution of solution in anesthetized dogs. Vet Anaesth Analg 2014; 41: 526-33. https://doi.org/10.1111/vaa.12147
- Usubiaga JE, Wikinski JA, Usubiaga LE. Epidural pressure and its relation to spread of anesthetic solutions in epidural space. Anesth Analg 1967; 46: 440-6.
- Ho KY, Manghnani P. Acute monoplegia after lysis of epidural adhesions: a case report. Pain Pract 2008; 8: 404-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1533-2500.2008.00229.x
- Graven-Nielsen T, Arendt-Nielsen L, Svensson P, Jensen TS. Quantification of local and referred muscle pain in humans after sequential i.m. injections of hypertonic saline. Pain 1997; 69: 111-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3959(96)03243-5
- Lee JH, Lee SH. Clinical effectiveness of percutaneous adhesiolysis using Navicath for the management of chronic pain due to lumbosacral disc herniation. Pain Physician 2012; 15: 213-21.