Korea Trade Review (무역학회지)

Korea Trade Research Association (한국무역학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

A Study on the Effect of a Paramount Clause in Which the Hague-Visby Rules were Compulsorily Applicable under English Law

영국법상 Hague-Visby 규칙의 강행적 적용에 따른 지상약관의 효력에 관한 연구

  • Choi, Byoung-Kwon (Department of International Trade and Logistics, Kyungnam University)
  • 최병권 (경남대학교 국제무역물류학과)
  • Received : 2019.10.14
  • Accepted : 2019.12.16
  • Published : 2019.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

In the case of a sea transport contract, the decision of the governing law, together with the choice of lex fori, shall be a legal issue in all legal disputes involving damage to the goods. In sea transport contracts, a paramount clause is often established in conjunction with the governing law clause, which can lead to conflict between these two clauses. Most B/L's back clauses contain a paramount clause that provides that the Hague Rules, Hague-Visby Rules, or foreign laws that prevail over other provisions of the terms. The Hague Rules and the Hague-Visby Rules, however, set different standards regarding the extent of the sea carrier's liability. Therefore, in the interpretation of ground conditions, it is an important question whether the Hague Rules or the Hague-Visby Rules are applied or whether each rule is applied as a law. For example, the paramount clause in the Superior Pescadores case was problematic in the interpretation of the term 'Hague Rules.' In this case, the English Court held that the expression 'Hague Rules' could be used to mean the Hague-Visby Rules, and not exclusively the Hague Rules. Therefore, the Hague-Visby Rules were applied in the judgment of this case, which suggests that this case can be a valuable precedent in future legal matters.

Keywords

References

  1. Baatz, Y. (2019), "Chapter 13 Clauses paramount", Administrative Law, Available from https://lawexplores.com/clauses-paramount/
  2. Baughan, S. (2012), Shipping Law, 5th ed., London: Routledge Publishing Ltd.
  3. Cheong, Yeong-Seok (2010), "The Effect Of Clause Paramount Under The Contract Of International Carriage Of Goods By Sea-", The Journal of Korea Maritime Law Association, 32(1), 237-263.
  4. Doumeni, A. (2016), "Clause paramount revisited", Defence Bulletin, Standard Club, 24-26.
  5. Economist (2018), "The EU rejects Theresa May's "pick and mix" Brexit Plan", Economist, Available from http://www.economist.com/britain/2018/03/08/the-eu-rejects-theresea-mayspick-n-mix-brexit-plan
  6. Gard (2014), Is it paramount for a charterparty to include a Paramount Clause?, Available from http://www.gard.no/web/updates/content/20752882/is-it-paramount-for-a-charterparty-to-include-a-pa ramount-clause
  7. Graham, T. and R. Shour (2016), "Paramount clauses-what does "the Hague Rules as enacted in the country of shipment" mean and why does it matter?", Library Sector Insights, Available from https://www.incegd.com/en/knowledge-bank/paramount-clauses-what-does-the-hague-rules-as-enacted-in-the-country-of-shipment-mean-and-why-does-it-matter
  8. Han, Nak-Hyun and Jun-Sik Jung (2006), "A Study on Effect of B/L's Exemption Clauses Relating to the Governing Law of English Law", Journal of Korea Port Economic Association, 22(4), 1-17.
  9. Helman, A. A.(2000) "Limitation of Liability Under COGSA: In The Wake of The Fair Opportunity Doctrine", Tulane Maritime Law Journal, 25, 299-325.
  10. Hur, Chang-Ha (2014), "Interpretation of the gold coins provisions in the Hague Rules", Legal newspaper, Available from https://m.lawtimes.co.kr/Content/Info?serial=105117
  11. Kim, In-Hyun (2010), "A Study on the Validity of 9 Months Time-bar Provision with Paramount Clause in the FIATA Bills of Lading", Human Rights and Justice, 405, 102-122.
  12. Kim, In-Hyun (2017), " Case Comments on Maritime cases during 2016", The Journal of Korea Maritime Law Association, 39(1), 223-262.
  13. Kim, In-Hyun (2018), " The Effect of US COGSA Paramount Clause in the B/L - Focused on the KSC decision 2018.3.29. Docket No. 2014da41469-", The Journal of Korea Maritime Law Association, 40(2), 253-280.
  14. Lee, Pil-Bok (2019), "Legal Properties and Contents of the terms and conditions of the British Law on Marine Loading Insurance-Korean Supreme Court Decision2016.6.23. Docket No.2015da519412-", Monthly Maritime Korea, 545, Available from http://m.monthlymaritimekorea.com/news/articleView.html?idxno=23527
  15. Lee, Seong-Woong (2008), "The Spilt Choice of Law under the Paramount Clause in the Bill of Lading", Quarterly Journal International Trade Law, 79, 91-127.
  16. Myton Law Limited (2016), Yemgas Fzco and Others v. Superior Pescadores SA Panama [2016] EWCA Civ.101-Clause Paramount and the Happy Ranger revisited, Available from https://www.mytonlaw.co.uk/blog/knowledge/Yemgas-Fzco-and-Others-v-Superior-Pescadores-SA-Panama-2016-EWCA-Civ-101---Clause-Paramounts-and-the-Happy-Ranger-revisited
  17. Nakamura, Masumi (1975), Legal Theory of Charterparties, Tokyo: Seibundo.
  18. National University of Singapore (2019), Yemgas FZCO v Superior Pescadores SA, Centre for Maritime Law Faculty of Law, Available from https://law.nus.edu.sg/cmlcmidatabase/yemgas-fzco-v-superior-pescadores-sa
  19. Ollivierre, L. (2016), The Paramount Clause: Hague or Hague-Visby Rules, Pacific Intermediaries & Consultants, Available from http://www.pacifics.co.uk/2016/07/the-paramount-clause-hague-or-hague-visby-rules/
  20. Sammil (2014), Terms Explain of B/L/Paramount Clause, Available from https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=im_chungbin&logNo=220111200313&proxyReferer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.co.kr%2F
  21. Schmitthoff, C. M. (1990), The Law & Practice of International Trade, London: Stevens & Sons.
  22. Seo, Dong-Hee (2018), "Effect of Clause Paramount with USCOGSA", Korea Shipping Newspaper, 1885, 1-3.
  23. Shin, Jin-Ho (2019), "Interpretation of the Clause Paramount - What is meant by "the Hague Rules .... as enacted in the country of shipment" - Review on the Superior Pescadores-", The Journal of Korea Maritime Law Association, 41(2), 73-112.
  24. Ship Inspection (2019), Paramount clause, Available from http://shipinspection.eu/paramount-clause-2/
  25. Sim, Jae-Du (1997), Goods by Sea Act, Seoul: Gilansa.
  26. Suk, Kwang-Hyun (2002), "Some Problems with the Applicable Law of Bill of Lading", International Private Law and International Litigation(Vol.4), Seoul: Partkyoungsa.
  27. Suk, Kwang-Hyun (2009), "Several Choice of Law Issues in Maritime Matters", The Journal of Korea Maritime Law Association, 31(2), 89-144.
  28. Tetley, W. (2008), Marine Cargo Claims, Vol.1, 4th ed., Montreal: Les Editions Yvon Blais Inc.
  29. Wilson, J. F. (2010), Carriage of Goods by Sea, 7th ed., London: Pearson Education Ltd.
  30. Yoon, Seug-Hee (2012), Paramount clause and Governing law-Focused on the Korean Supreme Court Decision2009.8.20. Docket No.2008da58978, Available from http://ynclaw.co.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=pds&wr_id=11&sst=wrhit&sod=desc&sop=and&page=1
  31. Court Line, Ltd. v. Canadian Transport Company, Ltd. (1940) 67 Ll.L.Rep. 161.
  32. Korean Supreme Court Decision 2014.6.12. Docket No.2012da106058.
  33. Korean Supreme Court Decision1999.12.10. Docket No.93da9038.
  34. Korean Supreme Court Decision2014.6.12. Docket No.2012da106058
  35. Korean Supreme Court Decision2018.3.29. Docket No.2014da41469.
  36. Parsons Corporation v. C. V. Scheepvaartonderneming Happy Ranger (The Happy Ranger) [2002] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 357.
  37. Seoul Central District Court Decision2003.1.16. Docket No.2001gahap25714.
  38. Seoul Central District Court Decision2012.10.19. Docket No.2012da20825.
  39. Seoul High Court Decision1998.12.18. Docket No.98na1647.
  40. The Rosa S [1989] QB 419.
  41. Yemgas Fzco and Others v. Superior Pescadores SA Panama (The Superior Pescadores) [2016] EWCA Civ 101.