Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회지)

Korean Society on Water Environment (한국물환경학회)
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Suggestion for Trophic State Classification of Korean Lakes

우리나라 호소의 영양상태 분류에 관한 제언

  • Kong, Dongsoo (Department of Bioconvergence, Kyonggi University) ;
  • Kim, Bomchul (Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon University)
  • 공동수 (경기대학교 바이오융합학부) ;
  • 김범철 (강원대학교 환경융합학부)
  • Received : 2019.03.29
  • Accepted : 2019.05.08
  • Published : 2019.05.30
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Abstract

Most of the lakes in Korea are artificial, and their limnological characteristics are significantly different from those of natural lakes in other countries. In this study, the relationship between trophic state parameters was investigated, based on summer average data of the upper layer, in 81 lakes in Korea, 2013-2017. Compared with trends of foreign natural lakes, chlorophyll a (Chl.a) concentration was slightly lower at the same total phosphorus (TP) concentration, and transparency (Secchi depth, SD) was noticeably lower at the same Chl.a concentration. This is because of excessive allochthonous loading of non-algal material during the monsoon period, and the reduction in phosphorus availability to algal growth, by light limitation and short hydraulic residence time. Considering these characteristics, we suggested site-specific thresholds of trophic state classification for Chl.a, TP and SD, based on annual average data at the upper layer of lakes ($3-10{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ of Chl.a measured by UNESCO method; $13-33{\mu}g\;L^{-1}$ of TP; 1.6-3.2 m of SD for mesotrophic state class, respectively). The threshold value of TP for each trophic state class, corresponded to the upper value of previously reported range, and that of SD was out of the range. We suggested applying only TP and Chl.a in assessment of trophic state of lakes in Korea, excluding SD.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Relationship between total phosphorus, Secchi depth, and Chlorophyll α based on average values during summer, 2013-2017 in 81 Korean lakes. (Solid lines, dotted lines, and thick dotted lines indicate regression, according to this study, Carlson (1977), and Aizaki et al. (1980), respectively; ChlL means Chl. α transformed from value, by the UNESCO method of this study, to equivalent value by the Lorenzen method).

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Fig. 2. Regressed power equation line according to data types (original or log-transformed) between (a) total phosphorus and chlorophyll α, (b) chlorophyll α and Secchi-disc depth, based on annual average values at the upper layer, of 81 lakes in Koera ( r indicates correlation coefficient, between observed value and calculated value).

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Fig. 3. Regressed power equation line according to ordinary classification, between (a) total phosphorus and chlorophyll α, (b) chlorophyll αand Secchi-disc depth, based on annual average values at the upper layer, of 81 lakes in Koera ( r indicates correlation coefficient between observed value and calculated value).

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Fig. 4. Suggestion of classification scheme, for trophic state of Korean lakes.

Table 1. Comparison of regression equations between parameters related on trophic state

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Table 2. Conventional trophic classification systems for lakes

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Table 3. Trophic state classification of Korean lakes suggested in this study

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Table 4. Lake types and water quality of oligotrophic and hypertrophic lakes in Korea

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