DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

The Effects of Bicycle Racing Spectator Motivation on Stress : Focusing the Mediating Effect of Flow

경륜 관람 참여 동기가 스트레스에 미치는 영향 -몰입의 매개효과 중심으로-

  • Maeng, Seong-Jun (Center for Social Welfare Studies, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Lee, Dong-Jun (Department of Social Welfare, Sungkyunkwan University) ;
  • Kang, Jun-Hyeok (Department of Addiction Rehabilitation and Social Welfare, Eulji University)
  • 맹성준 (성균관대학교 사회복지연구소) ;
  • 이동준 (성균관대학교 사회복지학과) ;
  • 강준혁 (을지대학교 중독재활복지학과)
  • Received : 2019.03.05
  • Accepted : 2019.05.03
  • Published : 2019.05.31

Abstract

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between motivation, stress and flow in bicycle race gambling. To accomplish this, data were collected from gambling users of a bicycle velodrome. A total of 347 samples were employed for analysis. The collected data were analyzed through multiple regression analysis. The results of the analysis were as follows. First, the level of flow increased as the motivation for participating in the contest increased. Second, the influence of the motivation to participate in the race on immersion showed that a higher motivation to participate in the race was associated with a higher level of stress. Third, verification of the motive for participating in the race and the mediated effect of immersion between stress revealed that immersion had a mediated effect on stress. Based on the results of these analyses, practical and policy implications were suggested. Accordingly, there is a need to identify the motivation for career participation in counseling of experienced gamblers. Moreover, it is important to establish a system to prevent excessive gambling flow.

이 연구의 목적은 경륜 도박의 참여 동기, 스트레스 그리고 몰입도의 관계를 규명하는 것이다. 연구의 목적 달성을 위해 'J 경륜장' 이용자들을 대상으로 자료를 수집했다. 분석에 활용된 표본은 347개 이다. 수집된 자료는 다중회귀분석을 통해 분석하였으며, 매개 효과를 검증하였다. 분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 경륜 관람 참여 동기가 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과 경륜 관람 참여 동기가 증가할수록 몰입수준이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 경륜 관람 참여 동기가 몰입에 미치는 영향을 확인한 결과 경륜 관람 참여 동기가 높을수록 스트레스 수준이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 경륜 관람 참여 동기와 스트레스 간 몰입의 매개효과를 검증한 결과, 경륜 관람 참여 동기가 스트레스에 미치는 영향에 있어 몰입이 매개효과를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 연구자들은 이러한 분석 결과를 바탕으로 경륜 도박자 상담 시 경륜 참여 동기 확인 필요성과 지나친 경륜 도박 몰입 예방을 위한 제도 마련과 같은 실천 및 정책적 대안을 제시했다.

Keywords

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_311_f0001.png 이미지

Fig. 1. Study model

Table 1. Correlation Among Major Variables

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_311_t0001.png 이미지

Table 2. Mediating Effect of Flow Between Bicycle Racing Spectator Motivation and Stress

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_311_t0002.png 이미지

Table 3. Verification Result of Significance of Mediating Effect Using Bootstrapping

SHGSCZ_2019_v20n5_311_t0003.png 이미지

References

  1. S. G. Kim, "Gambling Korean Society", Seoul: Jisiksanupsa, 2008.
  2. B. D. You, "Temptation of Gambling, Horse racing to Online Gambling, Republic of Gambling, Korea", Asia Economy, 2018.
  3. National Gambling Control Commission, "2017 National Gambling Statistics", 2018.
  4. Korea Center on Gambling Problems, "The White Paper of gambling problem management", 2016.
  5. National Gambling Control Commission, "2016 National Gambling Statistics", 2017.
  6. National Gambling Control Commission. "Estimation 2015 Illigle Gambling Scale is During the course of a year 83.7trillion won" (Press kit), 2016.
  7. J. H. Kang, "Recovery Process and Existential Experiences of Gambling addicts", The Department of Social Welfare, The Graduate School of Sungkyunkwan University, 2016.
  8. Y. K. Kim, "A study on the constructed meaning of the money and gambling to problem gamblers: Reflexive narrative inquiry", The Department of Social Welfare, The Graduate School of Sungkyunkwan University, 2017.
  9. S. W. Ahn, S. C. Han, "A Study on the Prevention Secondary Criminalization of Pathological Gamblers - Focus no Gambling Therapy Program" Korean Association Addiction Crime , Vol.3, No.1, pp. 90-114, 2013.
  10. Korea Basketball League(KBL), "Present of Audience", https://www.kbl.or.kr/history/spectator_report.asp. 2019. February 18th search.
  11. Korea Baseball Organization(KBO), "Present of Audience", http://www.socialenterprise.or.kr. 2018, September 23th, search.
  12. Korea Professional Soccer Federation(K league), 2017 K League Audience & Import. http://www.kleague.com/contents/news. 2019. January 29th, Search.
  13. B. I. Lee, J. P. Kim, "A study on the actual state and development plan of korean pro-cycling business", Sports Science Studies , Vol.10 No.1, pp. 31-47, 2000.
  14. D. C. Ji, "Study on the Background of the times when Pro-cycling appears and it's development trend", The Department of Physical Education, The Graduate School of Yong-In University. 2001.
  15. S. E. Jeon, "Study on the decrease factors of benefits and growth measures in cycle racing business : Focsued on Changwon Cycle Racing Business", The Department of Education, The Graduate School of Inje University. 2005.
  16. H. G. Kim, "A Study on Strategies for the Managerial Innovation of Cycle & Motorboat Racing Business. Department of Public Administration, The Graduate School of Kangwon National University. 2006.
  17. H. H. Cho, "Study on the practical analysis and the development plan of cycle racing business:focused on Busan cycle racing corporation", Department of Business Administration, The Graduate School of Management Pusan National University, 2007.
  18. Y. K. Song, "An Analysis on Recognizing of a Local Community to Revitalize Cycling Race in Changwon and the Degree of Satisfaction with Service for Consumers". Department of Physical Education, The Graduate School of Kyung-nam University, 2008.
  19. J. K. Park, "Articles : A Study on the Bicycle and Boat Racing Act for Development Plan of Bicycle and Boat Racing Industry"(JSEL)", Vol.12, No.2, pp. 121-140, 2009. DOI : 10.19051/kasel.2009.12.2.121
  20. Y. R. Kim, "The Study on Degree of Participation and Satisfaction on the Service in Cycle Racing", Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies, Vol.22, pp. 161-172, 2004. https://doi.org/10.51979/KSSLS.2004.11.22.161
  21. K. S. Moon, "The Relationships between Corporate Social Responsibility Activities and Positive Image of Fund Raising Businesses : A Case of Korea Sports Promotion Foundation (KSPO)", Korean journal of physical education, Vol.53 No.2, pp. 367-380, 2014.
  22. E. Y. Park, "The Effects of Experiencing Horse Racing as a Spectator Sport on Relieving Daily Stress", Journal of Tourism Management Research, Vol.68, pp.95-120, 2016. https://doi.org/10.18604/tmro.2016.20.1.5.
  23. H. P. Lee, Psychology of Gambling, Seoul: Hakjisa, 2002.
  24. H. P. Lee, J. G. Lee, W. H. Kim, T. W. Kim, Y. O. Han, S. G. Lee, "Bet of Pascal, Temptation of gambling: Understanding and Treatment of Gambling". Seoul: Hakjisa, 2013.
  25. Y. J. Hur, Y. R. Seong, K. B. Park, "Relationship among Depression, Aversion to Negative Affect, and Gambling Behavior as a Function of Antisocial Disposition". The Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol.5, No.3, pp. 101-116, 2014.
  26. Cox, W. M, Klinger, E, A motivational model of alcohol use. Journal of Abnormal Psychology , Vol.97, No.2, pp.168, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-843X.97.2.168
  27. M. K. Rhee, K. H. Kim, S. J. Kwon, "Psychosocial Characteristics of Internet Gamblers in South Korea", Korean journal of health psychology, Vol.12 No.1, pp.21-40, 2007. DOI : 10.17315/kjhp.2007.12.1.002
  28. Selye, H. (1956). The stress of life.
  29. J. N. Yang, E. J. Choi, H. S. Kim, "A Study on Factors Affecting Problem Gambling among Adults in Korea", Mental Health & Social Work, Vol.39, pp. 185-213, 2011.
  30. Selye H, "History and present status of the stress concept", In L. Goldberger & S. Breznit (Eds.), Handbook of stress: Theoretical and clinical aspects. New York: Free Press, 1982.
  31. G. M. Park, E. Y. Park, "The Effect of Stress Vulnerability on Stress Level", The Korean journal of stress research, Vol.26, No.1, pp. 52-59, 2018. DOI : https://doi.org/10.17547/kjsr.2018.26.1.52
  32. Kaplan H. B, "Psychosocial stress: Perspectives on structure, theory, life-course, and methods", San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1996.
  33. H. R. Choi, "Stress of Korean University Students And Cognitive-Behavioral Counseling", The Department of Counseling and Clinical Psychology, The Graduate School of Ewha Womans University, 1986.
  34. J. K. Choi, "A Study on the Effects of Daily Stress on Gambling Behavior in College Studentss; Centering on the moderating effects of ego-resilience". The Department of Social Welfare, The Graduate School of Daegu University, 2014.
  35. S. Y. Oh, "A Study on Situation and Counterplan for Gambling Addiction through Case Analysis". Korean Association of Addiction Crime Review, Vol.1, No.1, pp. 23-45, 2011.
  36. D. K. Kim, Y. M. Kim, "The Structural Relationship among Track Cycle Dome visitor' Field Experience, Flow, Satisfaction and Revisit", The Korea Journal of Sports Science , Vol.26, No.6, pp. 597-609, 2017. https://doi.org/10.35159/kjss.2017.12.26.6.597
  37. D. J. Shin, Y. J. Heo, "A Study on the Influence of Experience Motivation in Fishing Village on Visitor's Satisfaction and Flow Experience - Focused on Experience Festival in Jangho Fishing Village". The Tourism Science Society of Korea, Vol.27, No.6, pp. 259-278, 2013.
  38. K. M. Lee, J. H. Kang, H. K. Lee, "A Participation Observation Study on the Processes and Contents of Casino Gambling Addiction". Korean journal of social welfare studies, Vol.46, No.1, pp.31-57, 2015. DOI : 10.16999/kasws.2015.46.1.31
  39. E. Y. Park, "The Relationships between Participation Motivation, Flow and Psychological well-being among Horse Racing Participants". Journal of Product Research, Vol. 36, pp. 69-74, 2018.
  40. Parker, D. F, DeCotiis, T. A. "Organizational determinants of job stress", 1983.
  41. Csikszentmihalyi, M. and K. Rathunde, "The Measurement of Flow in Everyday Life: Toward a Theory of Emergent Motivation", 1993.
  42. K. J. Han, Y. J. Jung, "The Effects of Watching Motivation on Commitment and Re-watching Intention of Musical Audiences", The Korean Society of Oriental Art Studies, Vol.29, pp. 216-238, 2015.
  43. Anderson, E., Weitz, B, "The use of pledges to build and sustain commitment in distribution channels". Journal of marketing research, Vol.29, No. 1, pp. 18-34, 1992. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224379202900103
  44. Y. M. Kim, J. Hur, K. S. Lee, "The Influence of Spectator Motives on Satisfaction, Trust, Commitment, and Repurchase Intention of K-League Spectator", Korean journal of physical education, Vol.44, No.6, pp. 725-737, 2005.
  45. S. U. Yun, "A Study on the Factors Influencing on Smart Phone Game Flow: Focused on use motivation and characteristics of game", Broadcasting & Arts Research Institute , pp. 69-96, 2014.
  46. S. O. Son, "Pathway from School-related Stress to Computer-game Immersion: Examining the Mediating Effects of Social Participation and Adolescent-Parent relation, and Gender Difference", Korean journal of youth studies, Vol.23, No.11, pp. 217-243, 2016. DOI : 10.21509/KJYS.2016.11.23.11.217
  47. Karaman, G, N, "Predicting the problem behavior in adolescents, Egitim Aratirmalari", Eurasian Journal of Educational Research, Vol.52, pp. 137-154, 2013.
  48. Jessor, R., J. E. Donovan, and F. M. Costa, "Beyond adolescence: Problem behavior and young adult development", Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, 1994.
  49. D. B. Seo, S. J. Kim, "Comparison between SNS Addiction and Gaming Addiction-Based on the Problem Behavior Theory", Information Systems Review , Vol.19, No.1, pp. 25-48, 2017. DOI : 10.14329/isr.2017.19.1.025
  50. H. J. Lee, S. J. Lee, "The Study on Cyber Sexual Involvement of University Students: Loneliness and Stress as a Mediating Variable" The Korean Journal of Forensic Psychology, Vol.5, No.1, pp.29-44, 2014.
  51. K. H. Suh, "Addiction to Internet Game, Stress Responses, Subjective Well-being, Life Motivation, and Life Satisfaction Expectancy among Male High School Students" Korean journal of youth studies. Vol.20, No.2, pp.217-236, 2013.
  52. B. Y. Kim, K. H. Suh, "Mobile Phone and Internet Game Addiction, and Stress Responses of High School Students: The Mediating Effect of Sleep Deprivation" Korean journal of health psychology. Vol.17, No.2, pp.385-398, 2012. https://doi.org/10.17315/kjhp.2012.17.2.007
  53. H. P. Lee, "The Verification of 5 Factor Gambling Motives and Effect on the Gambling Severity - on problem and Pathological gamblers", The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, Vol.9, No.3, pp. 555-568, 2004.
  54. S. J. Park, Y. J. Lee, "The Relations Between Experiences, Attitude and Behavioral Intention on House Racing: Visitor's Experiences at House Racing Park", Journal of Tourism Scienes, Vol.38, No.4, pp. 251-270, 2014.
  55. DeLongis, A, Folkman, S, Lazarus, R, "The Impact of Daily Stress on Health and Mood: Psychological and Social Resources as Mediators", Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.54, pp. 486-496, 1988. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.54.3.486
  56. C. H. Kim, "Relationship of the Daily Hassles, Stress Appraisal and Coping Strategies with Emotional Experiences", The Korean Journal of Health Psychology, Vol.7, No.1, pp. 44-69, 1995.
  57. Novak, T, Hoffman, D, Young, Y, "Measuring the Customer Experience in Online Environments: A Structural Modeling Approach", Marketing Science, Vol.19, No.1, pp. 22-42, 2000. DOI : https://doi.org/10.1287/mksc.19.1.22.15184
  58. S. I. Park, "Structural Relationship among Flow Experience, Leisure Satisfaction and Psychological Happiness for Pro Sports Fan" Journal of Leisure and Recreation Studies, Vol.38, No.4, pp. 101-112, 2014.
  59. Y. K. Lee, "The Causes and Coping Strategies of the Stress", Korean Policy Sciences Review, Vol.8, No.1, pp. 46-66, 2004.
  60. K. H. Suh, "Stress of the Korean Aging Adults", The Korean Journal of Stress Research, Vol.15, No.4, pp. 271-278, 2007.
  61. S. J. Maeng, C, K. Han, "The Impact of Body Image Distortion on Depression in Youths: Focusing on the Mediating Effects of Stress", Health and Social Welfare Review, Vol.37, No.4, pp. 238-268, 2017. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15709/hswr.2017.37.4.238
  62. Baron, R, Kenny, D, "The Moderator-Mediator Variable Distinction in Social Psychological Research: Conceptual, Strategic, and Statistical Consideration". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol.51, pp. 1173-1182, 1986. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
  63. Hayes, F, "Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis", NY: Guilford Publications, 2013.
  64. R. E. Kim, "The Effect of Casino Users' Motivation on Gambling Addiction Tendency: Focusing on the Regulating Effect of the Mediating Effect and the Self-Control Ability of Game Immersion". The Department of Hotel, Casino, and Convention Management, The Graduate School of Kyonggi University. 2018.