Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health

  • 제52권3호
  • /
  • Pages.154-160
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 1975-8375(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2233-4521(eISSN)
대한예방의학회 (The Korean Society for Preventive Medicine)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors Associated With Stillbirth Among Pregnant Women in Nepal

  • Bhusal, Mahesh (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University) ;
  • Gautam, Nirmal (Department of Public Health, Karnali College of Health Science) ;
  • Lim, Apiradee (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University) ;
  • Tongkumchum, Phattrawan (Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, Prince of Songkla University)
  • 투고 : 2018.11.25
  • 심사 : 2019.03.19
  • 발행 : 2019.05.31
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

Objectives: Stillbirth is a common adverse pregnancy outcome that represents a distressing and traumatic event for women and their partners. The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with stillbirth in ever-pregnant women in Nepal. Methods: This study utilized the individual women's dataset from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, conducted in 2016. The dependent variable of interest was whether women had at least 1 stillbirth during their lifetime. The associations between independent variables and the dependent variable of the study were analyzed using a multiple logistic regression model. Results: Among 8918 ever-pregnant women aged 15-49 years, 488 had experienced at least 1 stillbirth during their lifetime, representing 5.5% of the total. After adjusting each factor for the confounding effects of other factors, maternal age, maternal education, place of residence, and sub-region remained significantly associated with having experienced stillbirth. Conclusions: Stillbirth continues to be a major problem among women, especially those with higher maternal age, those who are illiterate, and residents of certain geographical regions. To minimize stillbirth in Nepal, plans and policies should be focused on women with low education levels and residents of rural areas, especially in the western mountain and far-western hill regions.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Cousens S, Blencowe H, Stanton C, Chou D, Ahmed S, Steinhardt L, et al. National, regional, and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in 2009 with trends since 1995: a systematic analysis. Lancet 2011;377(9774):1319-1330. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62310-0
  2. McClure EM, Pasha O, Goudar SS, Chomba E, Garces A, Tshefu A, et al. Epidemiology of stillbirth in low-middle income countries: a Global Network Study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2011;90(12):1379-1385. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0412.2011.01275.x
  3. United Nations Children's Fund. Maternal and newborn health disparities: Nepal; 2017 [cited 2018 Apr 29]. Available from: https://data.unicef.org/wp-content/uploads/country_profiles/Nepal/country%20profile_NPL.pdf.
  4. Lee AC, Mullany LC, Tielsch JM, Katz J, Khatry SK, Leclerq SC, et al. Community-based stillbirth rates and risk factors in rural Sarlahi, Nepal. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2011;113(3):199-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2010.12.015
  5. Flenady V, Koopmans L, Middleton P, Froen JF, Smith GC, Gibbons K, et al. Major risk factors for stillbirth in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet 2011;377(9774):1331-1340. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62233-7
  6. Aminu M, Unkels R, Mdegela M, Utz B, Adaji S, van den Broek N. Causes of and factors associated with stillbirth in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic literature review. BJOG 2014;121 Suppl 4:141-153.
  7. Lawn JE, Blencowe H, Pattinson R, Cousens S, Kumar R, Ibiebele I, et al. Stillbirths: Where? When? Why? How to make the data count? Lancet 2011;377(9775):1448-1463. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62187-3
  8. Vogel JP, Torloni MR, Seuc A, Betran AP, Widmer M, Souza JP, et al. Maternal and perinatal outcomes of twin pregnancy in 23 low- and middle-income countries. PLoS One 2013;8(8):e70549. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070549
  9. Goldenberg RL, McClure EM, Bhutta ZA, Belizan JM, Reddy UM, Rubens CE, et al. Stillbirths: the vision for 2020. Lancet 2011;377(9779):1798-1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)62235-0
  10. Turton P, Evans C, Hughes P. Long-term psychosocial sequelae of stillbirth: phase II of a nested case-control cohort study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2009;12(1):35-41. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00737-008-0040-7
  11. Lamont K, Scott NW, Jones GT, Bhattacharya S. Risk of recurrent stillbirth: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2015;350:h3080. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3080
  12. World Health Organization. Every newborn: an action plan to end preventable deaths; 2014 [cited 2018 Apr 18]. Available from: https://www.who.int/maternal_child_adolescent/documents/every-newborn-action-plan/en/.
  13. K C A, Nelin V, Wrammert J, Ewald U, Vitrakoti R, Baral GN, et al. Risk factors for antepartum stillbirth: a case-control study in Nepal. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015;15:146. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0567-3
  14. Ministry of Health, Nepal; New ERA; ICF. Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016; 2017 [cited 2018 Jun 21]. Available from: https://www.dhsprogram.com/pubs/pdf/fr336/fr336.pdf.
  15. Tongkumchum P, McNeil D. Confidence intervals using contrasts for regression model. Songklanakarin J Sci Technol 2009;31(2):151-156.
  16. Asiki G, Baisley K, Newton R, Marions L, Seeley J, Kamali A, et al. Adverse pregnancy outcomes in rural Uganda (1996-2013): trends and associated factors from serial cross sectional surveys. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2015;15:279. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-015-0708-8
  17. Sharma SR, Poudyal AK, Devkota BM, Singh S. Factors associated with place of delivery in rural Nepal. BMC Public Health 2014;14:306. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-306
  18. Lama S, Krishna AK. Barriers in utilization of maternal health care services: perceptions of rural women in Eastern Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2014;12(48):253-258. https://doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v12i4.13730
  19. Auger N, Delezire P, Harper S, Platt RW. Maternal education and stillbirth: estimating gestational-age-specific and causespecific associations. Epidemiology 2012;23(2):247-254. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0b013e31824587bc
  20. McClure EM, Saleem S, Goudar SS, Moore JL, Garces A, Esamai F, et al. Stillbirth rates in low-middle income countries 2010-2013: a population-based, multi-country study from the Global Network. Reprod Health 2015;12 Suppl 2:S7.
  21. Bishnu Raj Upreti BR, Muller-Boker U. Livelihood insecurity and social conflict in Nepal; 2010 [cited 2018 Jun 21]. Available from: http://www.dsgz.geo.uzh.ch/pdfs/Upreti_Livelihoods.pdf.
  22. Choulagai B, Onta S, Subedi N, Mehata S, Bhandari GP, Poudyal A, et al. Barriers to using skilled birth attendants' services in mid- and far-western Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMC Int Health Hum Rights 2013;13:49. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-698X-13-49
  23. Thapa DK, Niehof A. Women's autonomy and husbands' involvement in maternal health care in Nepal. Soc Sci Med 2013;93:1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.06.003
  24. Nepal B. Population mobility and spread of HIV across the Indo-Nepal border. J Health Popul Nutr 2007;25(3):267-277.
  25. Lakshmi PV, Virdi NK, Sharma A, Tripathy JP, Smith KR, Bates MN, et al. Household air pollution and stillbirths in India: analysis of the DLHS-II National Survey. Environ Res 2013;121:17-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2012.12.004
  26. Marufu TC, Ahankari A, Coleman T, Lewis S. Maternal smoking and the risk of still birth: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health 2015;15:239. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-1552-5
  27. Gupta PC, Subramoney S. Smokeless tobacco use and risk of stillbirth: a cohort study in Mumbai, India. Epidemiology 2006;17(1):47-51. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000190545.19168.c4
  28. Habib NA, Lie RT, Oneko O, Shao J, Bergsjo P, Daltveit AK. Sociodemographic characteristics and perinatal mortality among singletons in North East Tanzania: a registry-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health 2008;62(11):960-965. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.062828

피인용 문헌

  1. Determinants of stillbirth in Felege-Hiwot comprehensive specialized referral hospital, North-west, Ethiopia, 2019 vol.12, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-019-4621-5
  2. Prevalence of stillbirth and its associated factors in East Africa: generalized linear mixed modeling vol.21, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-021-03883-6