Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education (한국과학교육학회지)

The Korean Association for Science Education (한국과학교육학회)
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Development and Application of a Science History Role-Playing Game for High School Students' Understanding of Nature of Science: Focus on Storytelling of the Continental Drift Theory

고등학생의 과학의 본성 이해를 위한 과학사 롤플레잉게임(SHRPG) 개발 및 적용 -대륙이동설 스토리텔링을 중심으로-

  • Received : 2018.12.18
  • Accepted : 2019.02.05
  • Published : 2019.02.28
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Abstract

NOS education through the history of science is regarded effective. However, science teaching has been criticized for not considering the interest of the learners enough and providing the context of learning themes that hinder the understanding of NOS. This study intends to convey the NOS element through the rich context of storytelling. The theme of the story is the history of continental drift, in which, the debate of many scientists and Wegener's creativity are prominent. Of the various media that deliver storytelling, the most powerful medium that leads to personal immersion is computer games, and among many kinds of games, the main genre of storytelling is role-playing games (RPGs). We developed the science history role-playing game (SHRPG) focusing on continental drift. The game development procedure followed Kim's 4F process (2017), which consists of the Figure Out, Focus, Fun Design, and Finalize. The story was constructed based on the NOS elements of Lederman et al. (2002), namely creativity and imagination demand, subjectivity, socio-cultural personality and tentativeness, which are all present in the story of the continental drift theory. The mechanics and rules of the RPG included quests, rewards, quizzes, NOS scores, and rankings. In the final phase of development, the game developed was pilot tested four times. The results of the tests showed that students' understanding of NOS through SHRPG has increased, especially in the creativity domain. The students' satisfaction with the fun, sympathy, and immersion during the game was very high.

맥락과 학습자의 흥미를 무시하는 기존의 과학사 교육은 과학의 본성(NOS)에 대한 이해를 방해할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 대륙이동설의 역사에 대한 스토리텔링의 풍부한 맥락을 통해 NOS 요소를 전달하고자 한다. 스토리텔링을 전달하는 다양한 매체 중에서 개인의 몰입을 이끌어내는 강력한 매체는 바로 컴퓨터 게임이며, 그 중에서도 스토리가 주가 되는 장르는 롤플레잉게임(RPG)이므로, 본 연구에서는 대륙이동설을 중심으로 과학사 롤플레잉 게임(SHRPG)을 개발하고자 한다. 게임 개발을 위한 모델은 Kim(2017)의 4F 프로세스를 적용했으며, 이 모델은 현황 분석, 목표 설정, 게임화 설계, 마무리 단계로 구성되어 있다. 목표 설정 단계에서 교육 게임화 범위는 대륙이동설의 역사에서 두드러지게 나타나는 4 가지의 NOS 요소(Lederman et al., 2002)를 포함하였다. 즉, 창의력과 상상력의 요구, 주관성, 사회 문화적 특성, 잠정성이다. 메커닉스와 룰은 퀘스트, 보상, 퀴즈, NOS 점수와 랭킹을 포함했다. 최종 단계에서는 4번의 테스트가 수행되었다. 마지막 4차 테스트인 베타테스트에서 고등학생들을 대상으로 VNOS-C 사전 사후 설문, 만족도 조사, 면담을 통해 본 연구가 교육게임화가 추구하는 결과인 '재미도 있고 배운 것도 많은 수업'인지 확인했다. 그 결과, SHRPG에서 의도한 NOS 요소 4 가지에 대해 학생들이 게임의 스토리인 대륙이동설의 맥락을 통해 이해하고 있었으며, 4 가지 요소 중에서도 '창의력'요소에서 가장 뚜렷한 효과를 보였다. SHRPG에 대한 만족도 또한 매우 높게 나타났는데, 스토리에서 가장 큰 재미를 느꼈으며, RPG 형식의 교육을 통해 쉽게 이해할 수 있었다는 의견이 가장 많았다.

Keywords

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Figure 1. selection split-up method

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Figure 2. 4F Process (Kim, 2017)

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Figure 3. A Map

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Figure 4. The process of 4th pilot test

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Figure 5. Game Specs

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Figure 6. Game Scenes

Table 1. Results of Gamification (Kim, 2017)

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Table 2. Category of NOS in educational contents (Lederman et al., 2002)

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Table 3. NOS elements in stories

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Table 4. The elements of α-Test

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Table 5. The elements of β-Test

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Table 6. Applying and modifying games

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Table 7. Examples of responses to VNOS Items (Lederman et al., 2002)

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Table 8. The results for satisfaction in Likert scale

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Table 9. The results of sympathy and Immersion in Likert scale

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