Journal of the Korean Society of Safety (한국안전학회지)

The Korean Society of Safety (한국안전학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Estimation of the Relative Risk of the Elderly with Different Evacuation Velocity in a Toxic Gas Leakage Accident

독성물질 누출 시 대피 속도 차이에 따른 고령자의 상대적 위험도 산정

  • Lee, H.T. (Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Ajou University) ;
  • Kwak, J. (Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Ajou University) ;
  • Park, J. (Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Ajou University) ;
  • Ryu, J. (Accident Prevention and Assessment Division, National Institute of Chemical Safety) ;
  • Lee, J. (Accident Prevention and Assessment Division, National Institute of Chemical Safety) ;
  • Jung, Seungho (Department of Environmental & Safety Engineering, Ajou University)
  • 이학태 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과) ;
  • 곽종범 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과) ;
  • 박제혁 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과) ;
  • 류지성 (화학물질안전원 사고예방심사과) ;
  • 이진선 (화학물질안전원 사고예방심사과) ;
  • 정승호 (아주대학교 환경안전공학과)
  • Received : 2019.04.19
  • Accepted : 2019.12.09
  • Published : 2019.12.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Leakage accidents in businesses dealing with hazardous chemicals can have a great impact on the workers inside the workplace, as well as residents outside the workplace. In fact, there were cases where hazardous chemicals leaked from many businesses. As a result, the Chemicals Control Act(CCA) was enacted in 2015, the Ministry of Environment introduced an Off-site Risk Assessment(ORA). The purpose of the ORA is to secure safety from the installation of the design of the workplace facilities so that chemical accidents of hazardous chemical handling facilities do not cause human or physical damage outside the workplace. In general, the ORA qualitatively determines where a protected facility is within the scope of the accident scenario. However, elderly who belong to the sensitive group is more sensitive than the general group under the same chemical accident effect, and the extent of the damage is serious. According to data from the Korea National Statistic Office, the number of elderly people is expected to increase steadily. Therefore, a quantitative risk analysis considering the elderly is necessary as a result of a chemical accident. In this study, accident scenarios for 14 locations were set up to perform emergency evacuation due to toxic gas leakage of Cl2(Chlorine) and HF(Hydrogen Fluoride), and the effects of exposure were analyzed based on the evacuation velocity difference of age 20s and 60s. The ALOHA(Areal Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres) program was used to calculate the concentration for assessing the effects. The time of exposure to toxic gas was calculated based on the time it took for the evacuation to run from the start point to the desired point and a methodology was devised that could be applied to the risk calculation. As a result of the study, the relative risk of the elderly, the sensitive group, needs to be determined.

Keywords

References

  1. W. S. Choi and J. B. Back, "Risk Analysis of Off-site Risk Assessment using Vulnerability by Environmental medium", J. Korean Soc. Saf., Vol. 33, No. 5, pp. 150-156, 2018. https://doi.org/10.14346/JKOSOS.2018.33.5.150
  2. S. Park and S. Jung, "Recommended Evacuation Distance for Off-site Risk Assessment of Ammonia Release Scenarios", J. Korean Soc. Saf., Vol. 31, No. 3, pp. 156-161, 2016. https://doi.org/10.14346/JKOSOS.2016.31.3.156
  3. M. S. Kim, J. Y. Kim, E. B. Lee, J. Yoon, J. H. Park, "Effect of Proof Test of Protective System on Securing Safety of Off-site Risk Assessment", J. Korean Soc. Saf., Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 46-53, 2017. https://doi.org/10.14346/JKOSOS.2017.32.6.46
  4. KGS Committee, "Facilitiy/Technical/Inspection/Safety Diagnosis/Safety Assessment Code for Pipelines outside Manufacturing Plants outside Manufacturing Plants and Supply Stations for Wolesale Gas Business", KGS Code, pp. 1-33, 2018.
  5. W. Choi, T. Ryu, S. Kwak, H. Lim, J. Jung, J. Lee, J. Kim, J. Baek, J. Yoon, J. Ryu , "Discussion for Improvement of Decision System of Total Risk in Off-site Risk Assessment", Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Health, Vol. 44, No. 3, pp. 217-226, 2018.
  6. H. R. Hong, D. G. Seo, Y. Hasemi, Y. J. Kown, "A Study on the Walking Speed of Crowd for Safety Evacuation Design of the Elderly", Journal of the Korean Institute of Fire Science & Engineering, Vol. 25, No. 1, pp. 19-26, 2011.
  7. KOSTAT, "2018 Elderly Statistics", p. 21, 2018.
  8. KOSTAT, "50 m Running : Male, Female", 2015.
  9. National Institute of Chemical Safety, "Criteria for Application of Accident Related Substances and Calculation of Quantity", p. 8, 2017.
  10. National Institute of Chemical Safety, "Technical Guidelines for Selecting Accident Scenarios", pp. 3-7, 2014.
  11. RIVM, "Reference Manual Bevi Risk Assessments version 3.2 - Introduction", National Institute for Public Health and the Environment of Netherlands, p. 26, 2009.
  12. TNO, "Methods for the Determination of Possible Damage CPR 16E", pp. 32-34, 1992.
  13. I. J. M. Trijssenaar Buhre, I. M. E. Raben, T. Wiersma and S. I. Wijnant, "Self-rescue in Quantitative Risk Analysis", TNO, Apeldoorn, the Netherland, 2009.
  14. RIVM, "Guideline for Quantitative Risk Assessment CPR 18E", Netherland, pp. 112-116, 2005.
  15. D. A. Crowl and J. F. Louvar, "Chemical Process Safety : Fundamentals with Applications", Pearson Higher Education, pp.76-80, 2012.