Safety and Health at Work

Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (산업안전보건연구원)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Quebec Serve and Protect Low Back Pain Study: What About Mental Quality of Life?

  • Douma, Nabiha Benyamina (Departement des Sciences de La Sante, Universite Du Quebec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue) ;
  • Cote, Charles (Departement des Sciences de La Sante, Universite Du Quebec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue) ;
  • Lacasse, Anais (Departement des Sciences de La Sante, Universite Du Quebec en Abitibi-Temiscamingue)
  • Received : 2017.12.11
  • Accepted : 2018.08.29
  • Published : 2019.03.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: As of now, the impact of low back pain (LBP) and its chronic state, chronic low back pain (CLBP), on mental health-related quality of life (HRQOL) has never been investigated among police officers. The present investigation aims at studying this relationship using a biopsychosocial model. Methods: Between May and October 2014, a Web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among Quebec police officers (Quebec, Canada). Mental HRQOL was measured using the role emotional (RE) and the mental health (MH) domains of the SF-12v2 Health Survey. The impact of CLBP on mental HRQOL (as opposed to acute/subacute LBP or no LBP) was studied with a multivariate linear regression model. Results: Of the 3,589 police officers who participated in the study, 1,013 (28.4%) reported CLBP. The mean age of respondents was $38.5{\pm}8.7years$, and 32.0% were females. The RE (44.1/100) and MH (49.0/100) mean scores of the CLBP group were comparable with the scores found in populations suffering from cancer or heart diseases. Compared to officers without LBP, the presence of CLBP was significantly associated with lower RE (${\beta}$: -0.068; p = 0.003) and MH (${\beta}$: -0.062; p = 0.002) scores. These relationships were not found in the acute/subacute LBP group. Conclusion: Our results underscore how frequent CLBP is among police officers and how burdensome it is. Considering the importance of good physical and mental health for this occupational population, police organizations should be aware of this issue and contribute to the efforts toward CLBP prevention and management in the workplace.

Keywords

References

  1. Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Qualifications and requirements; March 2017. Available from: http://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/qualifications-and-requirements?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIvLWYwtPa2QIVkLfACh0f8wKKEAAYASABEgJ-KvD_BwE. [Accessed November 2017].
  2. Gershon RR, Lin S, Li X. Work stress in aging police officers. J Occup Environ Med 2002;44(2):160-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-200202000-00011
  3. McCarty WP, Skogan WG. Job related burnout among civilian and sworn police personnel. Police Quarterly 2012;16(1):66-84. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611112457357
  4. Price M. Psychiatric disability in law enforcement officers. Behav Sci Law 2017;35(2):113-23. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2278
  5. Lipp ME. Stress and quality of life of senior Brazilian police officers. Span J Psychol 2009;12(2):593-603. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1138741600001967
  6. Alexopoulos EC, Palatsidi V, Tigani X, Darviri C. Exploring stress levels, job satisfaction, and quality of life in a sample of police officers in Greece. Saf HealthWork 2014;5(4):210-5.
  7. Brown JJ, Wells GA, Trottier AJ, Bonneau J, Ferris B. Back pain in a large Canadian police force. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1998;23(7):821-7. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199804010-00017
  8. Gruevski KM, McKinnon CD, Dickerson CR, Callaghan JP. The impact of mobile data terminal use on posture and low-back discomfort when combined with simulated prolonged driving in police cruisers. Int J Occup Saf Ergon 2013;19(3):415-22. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2013.11076998
  9. Burton AK, Tillotson KM, Symonds TL, Burke C, Mathewson T. Occupational risk factors for the first-onset and subsequent course of low back trouble. A study of serving police officers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 1996;21(22):2612-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199611150-00011
  10. Vincent P. Le ceinturon sous la loupe de la prevention. Maux de dos, hanches eccymosees...personne n'est a l'abri. Expose de la situation. Quebec: Commission de la sante et de la securite du travail; 2004.
  11. Hovbrender A, Raschke SU. Identification of potential risk factors for injury to police officers in using new technologies. British Columbia: Work Safe British Columbia; 2009.
  12. Cote MM. Auto-patrouille et maux de dos chez les policiers du Quebec. Bilans de connaissances. Montreal: Institut de recherche Robert-Sauve en sante et en securite du travail (IRSST); 1989.
  13. Holmes MW, McKinnon CD, Dickerson CR, Callaghan JP. The effects of police duty belt and seat design changes on lumbar spine posture, driver contact pressure and discomfort. Ergonomics 2013;56(1):126-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2012.739206
  14. Gyi DE, Porter JM. Musculoskeletal problems and driving in police officers. Occup Med 1998;48(3):153-60. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/48.3.153
  15. Benyamina Douma N, Cote C, Lacasse A. The Quebec serve & protect low back pain study: a web-based cross-sectional investigation of prevalence and functional impact among police officers. Spine (Phila Pa 1976) 2017;42(19):1485-93. https://doi.org/10.1097/BRS.0000000000002136
  16. Nayme P, Dazord A, Payre D, Joux-Ruesch A, Richard A, Calmels P, Navez M, Laurent B. Quality of life of lumbago patients cared for in a pain center. Presse Medicale 2001;30(35):1727-32.
  17. Shim JH, Lee KS, Yoon SY, Lee CH, Doh JW, Bae HG. Chronic low back pain in young Korean urban males: the life-time prevalence and its impact on health related quality of life. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2014;56(6):482-7. https://doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2014.56.6.482
  18. Schleyer TK, Forrest JL. Methods for the design and administration of webbased surveys. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2000;7(4):416-25. https://doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2000.0070416
  19. Prevention CoDCa. Health-related quality of life (HRQOL) Concepts; November 2017. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/hrqol/concept.htm. [Accessed November 2017].
  20. Maruish ME. User's manual for the SF-12v2 health survey. 3rd ed. Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated; 2012.
  21. Forcier L, Beaugrand S, Lortie M, Lapointe C, Lemaire J, Kuorinka I, Duguay P, Lemay F, Buckle P. L'ABC de l'utilisation d'un questionnaire sur la sante musculosquelettique : de la planification a la diffusion des resultats. Quebec: Institut de recherche Robert Sauve en sante et en securite du travail (IRSST); 2001.
  22. Kuorinka I, Jonsson B, Kilbom A, Vinterberg H, Biering-Sorensen F, Andersson G, Jorgensen K. Standardised Nordic questionnaires for the analysis of musculoskeletal symptoms. Appl Ergon 1987;18(3):233-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90010-X
  23. Crowford JO. The Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire. Occup Med 2007;57:300-1. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqm036
  24. Bouhassira D, Lanteri-Minet M, Attal N, Laurent B, Touboul C. Prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic characteristics in the general population. Pain 2008;136(3):380-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2007.08.013
  25. Costa Lda C, Maher CG, McAuley JH, Hancock MJ, Herbert RD, Refshauge KM, Henschke N. Prognosis for patients with chronic low back pain: inception cohort study. BMJ 2009;339:b3829. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b3829
  26. Thompson ER, Phua FTT. A brief index of affective job satisfaction. Group Organ Manage 2012;37(3):275-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111434201
  27. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. J Health Social Behav 1983;24(4):385-96. https://doi.org/10.2307/2136404
  28. Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB, Lowe B. The patient health questionnaire somatic, anxiety, and depressive symptom scales: a systematic review. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2010;32(4):345-59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.03.006
  29. Kosinski M, Janagap CC, Gajria K, Schein J. Psychometric testing and validation of the chronic pain sleep inventory. Clin Ther 2007;29(Suppl. l):2562-77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2007.12.001
  30. Menard S. Applied logistic regression analysis. California: Thousand Oaks: Sage; 1995.
  31. Hutchins H. Police resources in Canada, 2014; 2015. Report No.: 0715-271X.
  32. Ware JE, Kosinski M, Turner-Bowker DM, Gandek B. User's manual for the SF-12v2(R) health survey with a supplement documenting SF-12(R) health survey). Lincoln, RI: QualityMetric Incorporated; 2002. 2009.
  33. Hogan ME, Taddio A, Katz J, Shah V, Krahn M. Health utilities in people with chronic pain using a population-level survey and linked health care administrative data. Pain 2017;158(3):408-16. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000776
  34. Vartiainen P, Heiskanen T, Sintonen H, Roine RP, Kalso E. Health-related quality of life and burden of disease in chronic pain measured with the 15D instrument. Pain 2016;157(10):2269-76. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000641
  35. Marconato RS, Monteiro MI. Pain, health perception and sleep: impact on the quality of life of firefighters/rescue professionals. Rev Lat-Americana Enferm 2015;23(6):991-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-1169.0563.2641
  36. Yamada K, Matsudaira K, Imano H, Kitamura A, Iso H. Influence of work-related psychosocial factors on the prevalence of chronic pain and quality of life in patients with chronic pain. BMJ Open 2016;6(4):e010356. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010356
  37. Slottje P, Twisk JW, Smidt N, Huizink AC, Witteveen AB, van Mechelen W, Smid T. Health-related quality of life of firefighters and police officers 8.5 years after the air disaster in Amsterdam. Qual Life Res 2007;16(2):239-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-006-9006-2
  38. Mendlowicz MV, Stein MB. Quality of life in individuals with anxiety disorders. Am J Psychiatry 2000;157(5):669-82. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.5.669
  39. Colovic O, Lecic-Tosevski D, Mandic V, Toskovic O. The impact of stress related disorders on quality of life. Psychiatr Danub 2009;21(2):199-205.
  40. Tsai SY. A study of the health-related quality of life and work-related stress of white-collar migrant workers. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2012;9(10):3740-54. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph9103740
  41. Antunes RS, de Macedo BG, Amaral Tda S, Gomes Hde A, Pereira LS, Rocha FL. Pain, kinesiophobia and quality of life in chronic low back pain and depression. Acta Ortop Bras 2013;21(1):27-9. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-78522013000100005
  42. Scholich SL, Hallner D, Wittenberg RH, Hasenbring MI, Rusu AC. The relationship between pain, disability, quality of life and cognitive-behavioural factors in chronic back pain. Disabil Rehabil 2012;34(23):1993-2000. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2012.667187
  43. Tsuji T, Matsudaira K, Sato H, Vietri J. The impact of depression among chronic low back pain patients in Japan. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2016;17(1):447. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-016-1304-4
  44. Rothman KJ, Greenland S, Lash TT. Modern epidemiology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2008.
  45. Service de Police de la Ville de Montreal (SPVM). Rapport annuel 2014. Montreal: Service de Police de la Ville de Montreal (SPVM); 2015.
  46. Bourgault P, Lacasse A, Marchand S, Courtemanche-Harel R, Charest J, Gaumond I, Barcellos de Souza J, Choiniere M. Multicomponent interdisciplinary group intervention for self-management of fibromyalgia: a mixed-methods randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2015;10(5):e0126324. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0126324