Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility

The Korean Society of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (대한소화기 기능성질환 운동학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Second Asian Consensus on Irritable Bowel Syndrome

  • Gwee, Kok Ann (Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, and Gleneagles Hospital) ;
  • Gonlachanvit, Sutep (Center of Excellence on Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University) ;
  • Ghoshal, Uday C (Department of Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences) ;
  • Chua, Andrew SB (Gastro Centre) ;
  • Miwa, Hiroto (Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine) ;
  • Wu, Justin (Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong) ;
  • Bak, Young-Tae (Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine) ;
  • Lee, Oh Young (Department of Gastroenterology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University) ;
  • Lu, Ching-Liang (Endoscopy Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, Taipei Veterans General Hospital) ;
  • Park, Hyojin (Division of Gastroenterology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine) ;
  • Chen, Minhu (Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University) ;
  • Syam, Ari F (Division of Gastroenterology, Departement of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital) ;
  • Abraham, Philip (Division of Gastroenterology, P D Hinduja Hospital) ;
  • Sollano, Jose (Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Santo Tomas) ;
  • Chang, Chi-Sen (Taichung Veterans General Hospital) ;
  • Suzuki, Hidekazu (Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokai University School of Medicine) ;
  • Fang, Xiucai (Department of Gastroenterology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College) ;
  • Fukudo, Shin (Department of Behavioral Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine) ;
  • Choi, Myung-Gyu (Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea) ;
  • Hou, Xiaohua (Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology) ;
  • Hongo, Michio (Department of Medicine, Kurokawa General Hospital)
  • Received : 2019.03.05
  • Accepted : 2019.06.24
  • Published : 2019.04.30
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background/Aims There has been major progress in our understanding of the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and novel treatment classes have emerged. The Rome IV guidelines were published in 2016 and together with the growing body of Asian data on IBS, we felt it is timely to update the Asian IBS Consensus. Methods Key opinion leaders from Asian countries were organized into 4 teams to review 4 themes: symptoms and epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and investigations, and lifestyle modifications and treatments. The consensus development process was carried out by using a modified Delphi method. Results Thirty-seven statements were developed. Asian data substantiate the current global viewpoint that IBS is a disorder of gut-brain interaction. Socio-cultural and environmental factors in Asia appear to influence the greater overlap between IBS and upper gastrointestinal symptoms. New classes of treatments comprising low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosacharides, and polyols diet, probiotics, non-absorbable antibiotics, and secretagogues have good evidence base for their efficacy. Conclusions Our consensus is that all patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders should be evaluated comprehensively with a view to holistic management. Physicians should be encouraged to take a positive attitude to the treatment outcomes for IBS patients.

Keywords

References

  1. Gwee KA, Bak YT, Ghoshal UC, et al. Asian consensus on irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:1189-1205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06353.x
  2. Drossman DA, Hasler WL. Rome IV-functional GI disorders: disorders of gut-brain interaction. Gastroenterology 2016;150:1257-1261. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.03.035
  3. Murphy MK, Black NA, Lamping DL, et al. Consensus development methods, and their use in clinical guideline development. Health Technol Assess 1998;2:i-iv, 1-88.
  4. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 2004;328:1490. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.328.7454.1490
  5. Manning AP, Thompson WG, Heaton KW, Morris AF. Towards positive diagnosis of the irritable bowel. Br Med J 1978;2:653-654. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6138.653
  6. Thompson WG. Gastrointestinal symptoms in the irritable bowel compared with peptic ulcer and inflammatory bowel disease. Gut 1984;25:1089-1092. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.25.10.1089
  7. Lacy BE, Mearin F, Chang L, et al. Bowel disorders. Gastroenterology 2016;150:1393-1407. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.031
  8. Pimentel M, Talley NJ, Quigley EM, Hani A, Sharara A, Mahachai V. Report from the multinational irritable bowel syndrome initiative 2012. Gastroenterology 2013;144:e1-e5.
  9. Bai T, Xia J, Jiang Y, et al. Comparison of the Rome IV and Rome III criteria for IBS diagnosis: a cross-sectional survey. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;32:1018-1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13642
  10. Kanazawa M, Miwa H, Nakagawa A, Kosako M, Akiho H, Fukudo S. Abdominal bloating is the most bothersome symptom in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a large population-based internet survey in Japan. Biopsychosoc Med 2016;10:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13030-016-0070-8
  11. Rahman MM, Mahadeva S, Ghoshal UC. Epidemiological and clinical perspectives on irritable bowel syndrome in India, Bangladesh and Malaysia: a review. World J Gastroenterol 2017;23:6788-6801. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v23.i37.6788
  12. Ghoshal UC, Abraham P, Bhatia SJ, e al. Comparison of manning, Rome I, II, and III, and Asian diagnostic criteria: report of the multicentric indian irritable bowel syndrome (MIIBS) study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2013;32:369-375. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-013-0365-7
  13. Pop LL, Muresan IA, Dumitrascu DL. How much bloating in the irritable bowel syndrome? Rom J Intern Med 2018;56:221-226.
  14. Heaton KW, Radvan J, Cripps H, Mountford RA, Braddon FE, Hughes AO. Defecation frequency and timing, and stool form in the general population: a prospective study. Gut 1992;33:818-824. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.33.6.818
  15. Fang X, Lu S, Pan G. [An epidemiologic study of bowel habit in adult non-patient population in Beijing area]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2001;81:1287-1290.[Chinese]
  16. Adibi P, Behzad E, Pirzadeh S, Mohseni M. Bowel habit reference values and abnormalities in young Iranian healthy adults. Dig Dis Sci 2007;52:1810-1813. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-006-9509-2
  17. Ghoshal UC, Abraham P, Bhatt C, et al. Epidemiological and clinical profile of irritable bowel syndrome in India: report of the Indian society of gastroenterology task fForce. Indian J Gastroenterol 2008;27:22-28.
  18. Degen LP, Phillips SF. How well does stool form reflect colonic transit? Gut 1996;39:109-113. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.39.1.109
  19. Lewis SJ, Heaton KW. Stool form scale as a useful guide to intestinal transit time. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997;32:920-924. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365529709011203
  20. Heaton KW, O'Donnell LJ. An office guide to whole-gut transit time. Patients' recollection of their stool form. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994;19:28-30. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-199407000-00008
  21. Saad RJ, Rao SS, Koch KL, et al. Do stool form and frequency correlate with whole-gut and colonic transit? Results from a multicenter study in constipated individuals and healthy controls. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:403-411. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.612
  22. Amarenco G. [Bristol stool chart: prospective and monocentric study of "stools introspection" in healthy subjects]. Prog Urol 2014; 24:708-13. [French] https://doi.org/10.1016/j.purol.2014.06.008
  23. Kellow JE, Phillips SF, Miller LJ, Zinsmeister AR. Dysmotility of the small intestine in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 1988;29:1236-1243. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.29.9.1236
  24. Sullivan MA, Cohen S, Snape WJ Jr. Colonic myoelectrical activity in irritable-bowel syndrome. Effect of eating and anticholinergics. N Engl J Med 1978;298:878-883. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM197804202981604
  25. Evans PR, Bennett EJ, Bak YT, Tennant CC, Kellow JE. Jejunal sensorimotor dysfunction in irritable bowel syndrome: clinical and psychosocial features. Gastroenterology 1996;110:393-404. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.1996.v110.pm8566585
  26. Chang L, Lee OY, Naliboff B, Schmulson M, Mayer EA. Sensation of bloating and visible abdominal distension in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:3341-3347. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.05336.x
  27. Ragnarsson G, Bodemar G. Pain is temporally related to eating but not to defaecation in the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Patients' description of diarrhea, constipation and symptom variation during a prospective 6-week study. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 1998;10:415-421. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042737-199805000-00011
  28. Gwee KA, Lu CL, Ghoshal UC. Epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome in Asia: something old, something new, something borrowed. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2009;24:1601-1607. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2009.05984.x
  29. Siah KTH, Gong X, Yang XJ, et al. Rome foundation-asian working team report: asian functional gastrointestinal disorder symptom clusters. Gut 2018;67:1071-1077. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312852
  30. Lu CL, Lang HC, Chang FY, et al. Prevalence and health/social impacts of functional dyspepsia in Taiwan: a study based on the Rome criteria questionnaire survey assisted by endoscopic exclusion among a physical check-up population. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005;40:402-411.
  31. Lu CL, Chen CY, Lang HC, et al. Current patterns of irritable bowel syndrome in Taiwan: the Rome II questionnaire on a Chinese population. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2003;18:1159-1169. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01711.x
  32. Arsie E, Coletta M, Cesana BM, Basilisco G. Symptom-association probability between meal ingestion and abdominal pain in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Does somatization play a role? Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;27:416-422. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12510
  33. Lovell RM, Ford AC. Effect of gender on prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in the community: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:991-1000. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2012.131
  34. Sperber AD, Dumitrascu D, Fukudo S, et al. The global prevalence of IBS in adults remains elusive due to the heterogeneity of studies: a Rome foundation working team literature review. Gut 2017;66:1075-1082. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311240
  35. Quigley EM, Bytzer P, Jones R, Mearin F. Irritable bowel syndrome: the burden and unmet needs in Europe. Dig Liver Dis 2006;38:717-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2006.05.009
  36. Makharia GK, Verma AK, Amarchand R, et al. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome: a community based study from northern India. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:82-87. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2011.17.1.82
  37. Lee YY, Waid A, Tan HJ, Chua AS, Whitehead WE. Rome III survey of irritable bowel syndrome among ethnic Malays. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:6475-6480; discussion 6479. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v18.i44.6475
  38. Satake R, Sugawara N, Sato K, et al. Prevalence and predictive factors of irritable bowel syndrome in a community-dwelling population in Japan. Intern Med 2015;54:3105-3112. https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.54.5378
  39. Masud MA, Hasan M, Khan AK. Irritable bowel syndrome in a rural community in Bangladesh: prevalence, symptoms pattern, and health care seeking behavior. Am J Gastroenterol 2001;96:1547-1552. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2001.03760.x
  40. Naeem SS, Siddiqui EU, Kazi AN, Memon AA, Khan ST, Ahmed B. Prevalence and factors associated with irritable bowel syndrome among medical students of Karachi, Pakistan: a cross-sectional study. BMC Res Notes 2012;5:255. https://doi.org/10.1186/1756-0500-5-255
  41. Shah SS, Bhatia SJ, Mistry FP. Epidemiology of dyspepsia in the general population in Mumbai. Indian J Gastroenterol 2001;20:103-106.
  42. Si JM, Wang LJ, Chen SJ, Sun LM, Dai N. Irritable bowel syndrome consulters in Zhejiang province: the symptoms pattern, predominant bowel habit subgroups and quality of life. World J Gastroenterol 2004;10:1059-1064. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v10.i7.1059
  43. Wang A, Liao X, Xiong L, et al. The clinical overlap between functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome based on Rome III criteria. BMC Gastroenterol 2008;8:43. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-8-43
  44. Lee SY, Lee KJ, Kim SJ, Cho SW. Prevalence and risk factors for overlaps between gastroesophageal reflux disease, dyspepsia, and irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based study. Digestion 2009;79:196-201. https://doi.org/10.1159/000211715
  45. Kang JY, Tay HH, Guan R. Chronic upper abdominal pain: site and radiation in various structural and functional disorders and the effect of various foods. Gut 1992;33:743-748. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.33.6.743
  46. Gwee KA, Wee S, Wong ML, Png DJ. The prevalence, symptom characteristics, and impact of irritable bowel syndrome in an asian urban community. Am J Gastroenterol 2004;99:924-931. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2004.04161.x
  47. Ghoshal UC, Singh R. Frequency and risk factors of functional gastrointestinal disorders in a rural Indian population. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;32:378-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13465
  48. Perveen I, Rahman MM, Saha M, Rahman MM, Hasan MQ. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia, overlapping symptoms, and associated factors in a general population of Bangladesh. Indian J Gastroenterol 2014;33:265-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-014-0447-1
  49. Whitehead WE, Crowell MD, Robinson JC, Heller BR, Schuster MM. Effects of stressful life events on bowel symptoms: subjects with irritable bowel syndrome compared with subjects without bowel dysfunction. Gut 1992;33:825-830. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.33.6.825
  50. Fukudo S, Suzuki J. Colonic motility, autonomic function, and gastrointestinal hormones under psychological stress on irritable bowel syndrome. Tohoku J Exp Med 1987;151:373-385. https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.151.373
  51. Tillisch K, Mayer EA, Labus JS. Quantitative meta-analysis identifies brain regions activated during rectal distension in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2011;140:91-100. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.07.053
  52. Aizawa E, Sato Y, Kochiyama T, et al. Altered cognitive function of prefrontal cortex during error feedback in patients with irritable bowel syndrome, based on FMRI and dynamic causal modeling. Gastroenterology 2012;143:1188-1198. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2012.07.104
  53. Enck P, Aziz Q, Barbara G, et al. Irritable bowel syndrome. Nat Rev Dis Primers 2016;2:16014. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2016.14
  54. Qin HY, Cheng CW, Tang XD, Bian ZX. Impact of psychological stress on irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:14126-14131. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i39.14126
  55. Moloney RD, Johnson AC, O'Mahony SM, et al. Stress and the microbiota-gut-brain zxis in visceral pain: relevance to irritable bowel syndrome. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016;22:102-117. https://doi.org/10.1111/cns.12490
  56. Spiller R, Garsed K. Postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2009;136:1979-1988. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2009.02.074
  57. Spiller R, Aziz Q, Creed F, et al. Guidelines on the irritable bowel syndrome: mechanisms and practical management. Gut 2007;56:1770-1798. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2007.119446
  58. Koloski NA, Jones M, Kalantar J, Weltman M, Zaguirre J, Talley NJ. The brain--gut pathway in functional gastrointestinal disorders is bidirectional: a 12-year prospective population-based study. Gut 2012;61:1284-1290. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2011-300474
  59. Koloski NA, Jones M, Talley NJ. Evidence that independent gut-tobrain and brain-to-gut pathways operate in the irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia: a 1-year population-based prospective study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;44:592-600. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13738
  60. Barbara G, Feinle-Bisset C, Ghoshal UC, et al. The intestinal microenvironment and functional gastrointestinal disorders. Gastroenterology 2016;150:1305-1318, e8. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.028
  61. Shukla R, Ghoshal U, Dhole TN, Ghoshal UC. Fecal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome compared with healthy controls using real-time polymerase chain reaction: an evidence of dysbiosis. Dig Dis Sci 2015;60:2953-2962. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-015-3607-y
  62. Zhuang X, Xiong L, Li L, Li M, Chen M. Alterations of gut microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;32:28-38. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13471
  63. Chung CS, Chang PF, Liao CH, et al. Differences of microbiota in small bowel and faeces between irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy subjects. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016;51:410-419. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2015.1116107
  64. Ghoshal UC, Srivastava D, Ghoshal U, Misra A. Breath tests in the diagnosis of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome in comparison with quantitative upper gut aspirate culture. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;26:753-760. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000000122
  65. Pimentel M, Lembo A, Chey WD, et al. Rifaximin therapy for patients with irritable bowel syndrome without constipation. N Engl J Med 2011;364:22-32. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1004409
  66. Ghoshal UC, Srivastava D, Misra A, Ghoshal U. A proof-of-concept study showing antibiotics to be more effective in irritable bowel syndrome with than without small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;28:281-289. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000000557
  67. Ghoshal UC, Srivastava D. Irritable bowel syndrome and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: meaningful association or unnecessary hype. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:2482-2491. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i10.2482
  68. Ghoshal UC, Srivastava D, Misra A. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial showing rifaximin to improve constipation by reducing methane production and accelerating colon transit: a pilot study. Indian J Gastroenterol 2018;37:416-423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-018-0901-6
  69. Shah A, Morrison M, Holtmann G. A novel treatment for patients with constipation: dawn of a new age for translational microbiome research? Indian J Gastroenterol 2018:37:388-391. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-018-0912-3
  70. Gwee KA, Collins SM, Read NW, et al. Increased rectal mucosal expression of interleukin 1beta in recently acquired post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2003;52:523-526. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.4.523
  71. Spiller RC, Jenkins D, Thornley JP, et al, Increased rectal mucosal enteroendocrine cells, T lymphocytes, and increased gut permeability following acute Campylobacter enteritis and in post-dysenteric irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2000;47:804-811. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.47.6.804
  72. Dunlop SP, Hebden J, Campbell E, et al. Abnormal intestinal permeability in subgroups of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndromes. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1288-1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00672.x
  73. Chadwick VS, Chen W, Shu D, et al. Activation of the mucosal immune system in irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2002;122:1778-1783. https://doi.org/10.1053/gast.2002.33579
  74. Ohman L, Simren M. Pathogenesis of IBS: role of inflammation, immunity and neuroimmune interactions. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;7:163-173. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2010.4
  75. Wang LH, Fang XC, Pan GZ. Bacillary dysentery as a causative factor of irritable bowel syndrome and its pathogenesis. Gut 2004;53:1096-1101. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2003.021154
  76. Srivastava D, Ghoshal U, Mittal RD, Ghoshal UC. Associations between IL-1RA polymorphisms and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth among patients with irritable bowel syndrome from India. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;26:1408-1416. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12399
  77. Shukla R, Ghoshal U, Ranjan P, Ghoshal UC. Expression of toll-like receptors, pro-, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in relation to gut microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: the evidence for its micro-organic basis. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;24:628-642. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm18130
  78. Chu H, Fox M, Zheng X, et al. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: clinical characteristics, psychological factors, and peripheral cytokines. Gastroenterol Res Pract 2016;2016:3230859.
  79. Xu XJ, Zhang YL, Liu L, Pan L, Yao SK. Increased expression of nerve growth factor correlates with visceral hypersensitivity and impaired gut barrier function in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a preliminary explorative study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017;45:100-114. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13848
  80. Chaudhary NA, Truelove SC. The irritable colon syndrome. A study of the clinical features, predisposing causes, and prognosis in 130 cases. Q J Med 1962;31:307-322.
  81. Gwee KA, Graham JC, McKendrick MW, et al. Psychometric scores and persistence of irritable bowel after infectious diarrhoea. Lancet 1996;347:150-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(96)90341-4
  82. Ji S, Park H, Lee D, Song YK, Choi JP, Lee SI. Post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome in patients with Shigella infection. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;20:381-386. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2005.03574.x
  83. Kim HS, Kim MS, Ji SW, Park H. [The development of irritable bowel syndrome after Shigella infection: 3 year follow-up study]. Korean J Gastroenterol 2006;47:300-305.[Korean]
  84. Rahman MM, Ghoshal UC, Sultana S, et al.. Long-term gastrointestinal consequences are frequent following sporadic acute infectious diarrhea in a tropical country: a prospective cohort study. Am J Gastroenterol 2018;113:1363-1375. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41395-018-0208-3
  85. Ghoshal UC, Gwee KA. Post-infectious IBS, tropical sprue and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: the missing link. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;14:435-441. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2017.37
  86. Barbara G, Grover M, Bercik P, et al. Rome foundation working team report on post-infection irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2019;156:46-58, e7. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.07.011
  87. Mertz H, Naliboff B, Munakata J, Niazi N, Mayer EA. Altered rectal perception is a biological marker of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 1995;109:40-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)90267-8
  88. Gupta D, Ghoshal UC, Misra A, Misra A, Choudhuri G, Singh K. Lactose intolerance in patients with irritable bowel syndrome from northern India: a case-control study. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:2261-2265. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04986.x
  89. Trimble KC, Farouk R, Pryde A, Douglas S, Heading RC. Heightened visceral sensation in functional gastrointestinal disease is not site-specific. Evidence for a generalized disorder of gut sensitivity. Dig Dis Sci 1995;40:1607-1613. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02212678
  90. Zhu Y, Zheng X, Cong Y, et al. Bloating and distention in irritable bowel syndrome: the role of gas production and visceral sensation after lactose ingestion in a population with lactase deficiency. Am J Gastroenterol 2013;108:1516-1525. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2013.198
  91. Zuo XL, Li YQ, Shi L, et al. Visceral hypersensitivity following cold water intake in subjects with irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol 2006;41:311-317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-005-1766-x
  92. Kang JY, Gwee KA, Yap I. The colonic air insufflation test indicates a colonic cause of abdominal pain. An aid in the management of irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 1994;18:19-22. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004836-199401000-00006
  93. Cremon C, Carini G, Wang B, et al. Intestinal serotonin release, sensory neuron activation, and abdominal pain in irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2011;106:1290-1298. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.86
  94. Zhang ZF, Duan ZJ, Wang LX, Yang D, Zhao G, Zhang L. The serotonin transporter gene polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of 25 studies. BMC Gastroenterol 2014;14:23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-14-23
  95. Dunlop SP, Coleman NS, Blackshaw E, et al. Abnormalities of 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2005;3:349-357. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1542-3565(04)00726-8
  96. Gonlachanvit S, Fongkam P, Wittayalertpanya S, Kullavanijaya P. Red chili induces rectal hypersensitivity in healthy humans: possible role of 5HT-3 receptors on capsaicin-sensitive visceral nociceptive pathways. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007;26:617-625. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03396.x
  97. El-Salhy M, Patcharatrakul T, Hatlebakk JG, Hausken T, Gilja OH, Gonlachanvit S. Chromogranin A cell density in the large intestine of Asian and European patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 2017;52:691-697. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365521.2017.1305123
  98. Jeong JB, Yang YM, Jeon WJ, et al. Postprandial colonic motor activity in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Kor J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2000;6:20-30.
  99. Shah SK, Abraham P, Mistry FP. Effect of cold pressor test and a highchilli diet on rectosigmoid motility in irritable bowel syndrome. Indian J Gastroenterol 2000;19:161-164.
  100. Gonlachanvit S, Mahayosnond A, Kullavanijaya P. Effects of chili on postprandial gastrointestinal symptoms in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: evidence for capsaicin-sensitive visceral nociception hypersensitivity. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009;21:23-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01167.x
  101. Sagami Y, Shimada Y, Tayama J, et al. Effect of a corticotropin releasing hormone receptor antagonist on colonic sensory and motor function in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2004;53:958-964. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2003.018911
  102. Fukudo S. Role of corticotropin-releasing hormone in irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal inflammation. J Gastroenterol 2007;42(suppl 17):48-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00535-006-1942-7
  103. Shin A, Camilleri M, Vijayvargiya P, et al. Bowel functions, fecal unconjugated primary and secondary bile acids, and colonic transit in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;11:1270-1275, e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2013.04.020
  104. Camilleri M, McKinzie S, Busciglio I, et al. Prospective study of motor, sensory, psychologic, and autonomic functions in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2008;6:772-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2008.02.060
  105. Tandon RK, Prasad N, Gupta MC, Tandon BN. Stool weights and transit time in North Indians. J Assoc Physicians India 1976;24:807-810.
  106. Chan YK, Kwan AC, Yuen H, et al. Normal colon transit time in healthy Chinese adults in Hong Kong. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2004;19:1270-1275. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2004.03492.x
  107. Hamaguchi T, Kano M, Rikimaru H, et al. Brain activity during distention of the descending colon in humans. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2004;16:299-309. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2004.00498.x
  108. Yuan YZ, Tao RJ, Xu B, et al. Functional brain imaging in irritable bowel syndrome with rectal balloon-distention by using fMRI. World J Gastroenterol 2003;9:1356-1360. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v9.i6.1356
  109. Song GH, Venkatraman V, Ho KY, Chee MW, Yeoh KG, Wilder-Smith CH. Cortical effects of anticipation and endogenous modulation of visceral pain assessed by functional brain MRI in irritable bowel syndrome patients and healthy controls. Pain 2006;126:79-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2006.06.017
  110. Guleria A, Karyampudi A, Singh R, et al. Mapping of brain activations to rectal balloon distension stimuli in male patients with irritable bowel syndrome using functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:415-427. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm16148
  111. Van Oudenhove L, Vandenberghe J, Demyttenaere K, Tack J. Psychosocial factors, psychiatric illness and functional gastrointestinal disorders: a historical perspective. Digestion 2010;82:201-210. https://doi.org/10.1159/000269822
  112. Cho KR, Lee OY, Yoon DH, et al. The influence of depression on gastrointestinal symptoms in women. Kor J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2007;13:146-151.
  113. Shinozaki M, Fukudo S, Hongo M, et al. High prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome in medical outpatients in Japan. J Clin Gastroenterol 2008;42:1010-1016. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e318150d006
  114. Hu WH, Wong WM, Lam CL, et al. Anxiety but not depression determines health care-seeking behaviour in Chinese patients with dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome: a population-based study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2002;16:2081-2088. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01377.x
  115. Husain N, Chaudhry IB, Jafri F, Niaz SK, Tomenson B, Creed F. A population-based study of irritable bowel syndrome in a non-Western population. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2008;20:1022-1029. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2008.01143.x
  116. Kanazawa M, Endo Y, Whitehead WE, Kano M, Hongo M, Fukudo S. Patients and nonconsulters with irritable bowel syndrome reporting a parental history of bowel problems have more impaired psychological distress. Dig Dis Sci 2004;49:1046-1053. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:DDAS.0000034570.52305.10
  117. Jun DW, Lee OY, Jo GL, et al. The comparison of irritable bowel syndrome between consulters and non-consulters. Kor J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018;11:50-57.
  118. Ghoshal UC, Singh R. Pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome: is it really in the gene? J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:284-286. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm14071
  119. Ghoshal UC. Pros and cons while looking through an asian window on the rome IV criteria for irritable bowel syndrome: pros. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:334-340. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm17020
  120. Jaruvongvanich V, Patcharatrakul T, Gonlachanvit S. Prediction of delayed colonic transit using bristol stool form and stool frequency in eastern constipated patients: a difference from the west. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017;23:561-568. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm17022
  121. Blake MR, Raker JM, Whelan K. Validity and reliability of the bristol stool form scale in healthy adults and patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2016;44:693-703. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13746
  122. Shim L, Talley NJ, Boyce P, Tennant C, Jones M, Kellow JE. Stool characteristics and colonic transit in irritable bowel syndrome: evaluation at two time points. Scand J Gastroenterol 2013;48:295-301. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365521.2012.758767
  123. Ford AC, Bercik P, Morgan DG, Bolino C, Pintos-Sanchez MI, Moayyedi P. Validation of the Rome III criteria for the diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in secondary care. Gastroenterology 2013;145:1262-1270, e1. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.048
  124. Patel P, Bercik P, Morgan DG, et al. Prevalence of organic disease at colonoscopy in patients with symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome: cross-sectional survey. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015;50:816-823.
  125. Chey WD, Nojkov B, Rubenstein JH, Dobhan RR, Greenson JK, Cash BD. The yield of colonoscopy in patients with non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome: results from a prospective, controlled US trial. Am J Gastroenterol 2010;105:859-865. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2010.55
  126. Emmanuel A, Landis D, Peucker M, Hungin AP. Faecal biomarker patterns in patients with symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Frontline Gastroenterol 2016;7:275-282. https://doi.org/10.1136/flgastro-2015-100651
  127. Rao VL, Micic D, Kim KE. Primary care evaluation and management of gastroenterologic issues in women. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am 2016;43:347-366. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2016.01.006
  128. Rey Diaz-Rubio E, Mascort Roca JJ, Pena Forcada E, Canones Garzon P, Tenias Burillo JM, Judez Gutierrez FJ. Management of the clinical issue of constipation with abdominal complaints in adults. A national survey of Primary Care physicians and gastroenterologists. Rev Esp Enferm Dig 2016;108:323-331.
  129. Corsetti M, Whorwell PJ. Managing irritable bowel syndrome in primary care. Practitioner 2015;259:21-24, 2-3.
  130. Menees SB, Powell C, Kurlander J, Goel A, Chey WD. A meta-analysis of the utility of C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, fecal calprotectin, and fecal lactoferrin to exclude inflammatory bowel disease in adults with IBS. Am J Gastroenterol 2015;110:444-454. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2015.6
  131. Vasquez-Rios G, Machicado JD, Terashima A, Marcos LA. Irritable bowel syndrome and intestinal parasites: a view from South America. Rev Gastroenterol Peru 2016;36:153-158.
  132. Sung JJ, Ng SC, Chan FK, et al. An updated asia pacific consensus recommendations on colorectal cancer screening. Gut 2015;64:121-132. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306503
  133. Sharma H, Verma AK, Das P, Dattagupta S, Ahuja V, Makharia GK. Prevalence of celiac disease in Indian patients with irritable bowel syndrome and uninvestigated dyspepsia. J Dig Dis 2015;16:443-448. https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.12260
  134. Chowdhury MK, Chakraborty R, Gope S, et al. Celiac disease in patients fulfilling the Rome III criteria for irritable bowel syndrome attending gastroenterology department of a tertiary care hospital in bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2016;25:102-108.
  135. Wang H, Zhou G, Luo L, et al. Serological screening for celiac disease in adult Chinese patients with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore) 2015;94:e1779. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000001779
  136. Ghoshal UC, Verma A, Misra A. Frequency, spectrum, and factors associated with fecal evacuation disorders among patients with chronic constipation referred to a tertiary care center in northern India. Indian J Gastroenterol 2016;35:83-90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-016-0631-6
  137. Patcharatrakul T, Gonlachanvit S. Outcome of biofeedback therapy in dyssynergic defecation patients with and without irritable bowel syndrome. J Clin Gastroenterol 2011;45:593-598. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCG.0b013e31820c6001
  138. Ghoshal UC. Chronic constipation in Rome IV era: the Indian perspective. Indian J Gastroenterol 2017;36:163-173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-017-0757-1
  139. Lu W, Gwee KA, Siah KT, Kang JY, Lee R, Ngan CC. Prevalence of anti-deamidated gliadin peptide antibodies in asian patients with irritable bowel syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;20:236-241. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2014.20.2.236
  140. Shahbazkhani B, Sadeghi A, Malekzadeh R, et al. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity has narrowed the spectrum of irritable bowel syndrome: a doubleblind randomized placebo-controlled trial. Nutrients 2015;7:4542-4554. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7064542
  141. Makharia A, Catassi C, Makharia GK. The overlap between irritable bowel syndrome and non-celiac gluten sensitivity: a clinical dilemma. Nutrients 2015;7:10417-10426. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7125541
  142. Choi MG, Jung HK. Health related quality of life in functional gastrointestinal disorders in Asia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:245-251. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2011.17.3.245
  143. Wang YT, Lim HY, Tai D, et al. The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on health-related quality of life: a Singapore perspective. BMC Gastroenterol 2012;12:104. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-230X-12-104
  144. Park JM, Choi MG, Kim YS, et al. Quality of life of patients with irritable bowel syndrome in Korea. Qual Life Res 2009;18:435-446. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11136-009-9461-7
  145. Gwee KA, Ghoshal UC, Chen M. Irritable bowel syndrome in asia: pathogenesis, natural history, epidemiology, and management. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;33:99-110. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13987
  146. Ong DK, Mitchell SB, Barrett JS, et al. Manipulation of dietary short chain carbohydrates alters the pattern of gas production and genesis of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;25:1366-1373. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2010.06370.x
  147. Halmos EP, Power VA, Shepherd SJ, Gibson PR, Muir JG. A diet low in FODMAPs reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2014;146:67-75, e5. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.09.046
  148. Iacovou M, Tan V, Muir JG, Gibson PR. The low FODMAP diet and its application in east and southeast asia. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015;21:459-470. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm15111
  149. Hewawasam SP, Iacovou M, Muir JG, Gibson PR. Dietary practices and FODMAPs in south asia: applicability of the low FODMAP diet to patients with irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;33:365-374. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13885
  150. Yang J, Deng Y, Chu H, et al. Prevalence and presentation of lactose intolerance and effects on dairy product intake in healthy subjects and patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;11:262-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2012.11.034
  151. Ghoshal UC, Kumar S, Misra A, Mittal B. Lactose malabsorption diagnosed by 50-g dose is inferior to assess clinical intolerance and to predict response to milk withdrawal than 25-g dose in an endemic area. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2013;28:1462-1468. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.12273
  152. Ford AC, Talley NJ, Spiegel BM, et al. Effect of fibre, antispasmodics, and peppermint oil in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2008;337:a2313. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.a2313
  153. Ruepert L, Quartero AO, de Wit NJ, van der Heijden GJ, Rubin G, Muris JW. Bulking agents, antispasmodics and antidepressants for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011:CD003460.
  154. Zheng L, Lai Y, Lu W, et al. Pinaverium reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome in a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015;13:1285-1292, e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2015.01.015
  155. Lu CL, Chen CY, Chang FY, et al. Effect of a calcium channel blocker and antispasmodic in diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000;15:925-930. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1746.2000.02230.x
  156. Chang FY, Lu CL, Luo JC, Chen TS, Chen MJ, Chang HJ. The evaluation of otilonium bromide treatment in asian patients with irritable bowel syndrome. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;17:402-410. https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm.2011.17.4.402
  157. Liu JH, Chen GH, Yeh HZ, Huang CK, Poon SK. Enteric-coated peppermint-oil capsules in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome: a prospective, randomized trial. J Gastroenterol 1997;32:765-768. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02936952
  158. Cann PA, Read NW, Holdsworth CD, Barends D. Role of loperamide and placebo in management of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Dig Dis Sci 1984;29:239-247. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01296258
  159. Lavo B, Stenstam M, Nielsen AL. Loperamide in treatment of irritable bowel syndrome--a double-blind placebo controlled study. Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1987;130:77-80.
  160. Efskind PS, Bernklev T, Vatn MH. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial with loperamide in irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 1996;31:463-468. https://doi.org/10.3109/00365529609006766
  161. Chang FY, Lu CL, Chen CY, Luo JC. Efficacy of dioctahedral smectite in treating patients of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:2266-2272. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2007.04895.x
  162. Ducrotte P, Dapoigny M, Bonaz B, Siproudhis L. Symptomatic efficacy of beidellitic montmorillonite in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, controlled trial. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005;21:435-444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02330.x
  163. Gershon MD. Review article: serotonin receptors and transporters -- roles in normal and abnormal gastrointestinal motility. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2004;20(suppl 7):3-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2004.02180.x
  164. Goldberg PA, Kamm MA, Setti-Carraro P, van der Sijp JR, Roth C. Modification of visceral sensitivity and pain in irritable bowel syndrome by 5-HT3 antagonism (ondansetron). Digestion 1996;57:478-483. https://doi.org/10.1159/000201377
  165. Houghton LA, Foster JM, Whorwell PJ. Alosetron, a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, delays colonic transit in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and healthy volunteers. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2000;14:775-782. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2000.00762.x
  166. Matsueda K, Harasawa S, Hongo M, Hiwatashi N, Sasaki D. A phase II trial of the novel serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist ramosetron in Japanese male and female patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Digestion 2008;77:225-235. https://doi.org/10.1159/000150632
  167. Matsueda K, Harasawa S, Hongo M, Hiwatashi N, Sasaki D. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of the effectiveness of the novel serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist ramosetron in both male and female Japanese patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Scand J Gastroenterol 2008;43:1202-1211. https://doi.org/10.1080/00365520802240255
  168. Fukudo S, Kinoshita Y, Okumura T, et al. Ramosetron reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea and improves quality of life in women. Gastroenterology 2016;150:358-366. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2015.10.047
  169. Ford AC, Moayyedi P, Lacy BE, et al. American college of gastroenterology monograph on the management of irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109(suppl 1):S2-S26.
  170. Garsed K, Chernova J, Hastings M, Lam C, Marciani L, Singh G, Henry A, Hall I, Whorwell P, Spiller R. A randomised trial of ondansetron for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhoea. Gut 2014; 63:1617-1625. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-305989
  171. Kellow J, Lee OY, Chang FY, et al. An asia-pacific, double blind, placebo controlled, randomised study to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of tegaserod in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2003;52:671-676. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.52.5.671
  172. Fried M, Johanson JF, Gwee KA, Wagner A, Pecher E, Rueegg P. Efficacy of tegaserod in chronic constipation in men. Am J Gastroenterol 2007;102:362-370. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00988.x
  173. Harish K, Hazeena K, Thomas V, Kumar S, Jose T, Narayanan P. Effect of tegaserod on colonic transit time in male patients with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;22:1183-1189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04543.x
  174. Tack J, Camilleri M, Chang L, et al. Systematic review: cardiovascular safety profile of 5-HT4 agonists developed for gastrointestinal disorders. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35:745-767. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2012.05011.x
  175. Jadav AM, McMullin CM, Smith J, Chapple K, Brown SR. The association between prucalopride efficacy and constipation type. Tech Coloproctol 2013;17:555-559. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-013-1017-8
  176. Tack J, Stanghellini V, Dubois D, Joseph A, Vandeplassche L, Kerstens R. Effect of prucalopride on symptoms of chronic constipation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;26:21-27. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12217
  177. Leelakusolvong S, Ke M, Zou D, et al. Factors predictive of treatment-emergent adverse events of prucalopride: an integrated analysis of four randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Gut Liver 2015;9:208-213. https://doi.org/10.5009/gnl14290
  178. Yiannakou Y, Piessevaux H, Bouchoucha M, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of prucalopride in men with chronic constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2015;110:741-748. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2015.115
  179. Ke M, Zou D, Yuan Y, et al. Prucalopride in the treatment of chronic constipation in patients from the asia-pacific region: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012;24:999-e541. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2012.01983.x
  180. Ford AC, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, et al. Efficacy of prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics in irritable bowel syndrome and chronic idiopathic constipation: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:1547-1561. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2014.202
  181. Horvath A, Dziechciarz P, Szajewska H. Meta-analysis: Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders in childhood. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2011;33:1302-1310. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04665.x
  182. Pedersen N, Andersen NN, Vegh Z,. Ehealth: low FODMAP diet vs Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in irritable bowel syndrome. World J Gastroenterol 2014;20:16215-16226. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v20.i43.16215
  183. O'Mahony L, McCarthy J, Kelly P, et al. Lactobacillus and bifidobacterium in irritable bowel syndrome: symptom responses and relationship to cytokine profiles. Gastroenterology 2005;128:541-551. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2004.11.050
  184. Whorwell PJ, Altringer L, Morel J, et al. Efficacy of an encapsulated probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis 35624 in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Am J Gastroenterol 2006;101:1581-1590. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1572-0241.2006.00734.x
  185. Gwee KA, Lee WW, Ling KL, et al. Consensus and contentious statements on the use of probiotics in clinical practice: a south east asian gastro-neuro motility association working team report. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;33:1707-1716. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14268
  186. Ford AC, Quigley EM, Lacy BE, et al. Effect of antidepressants and psychological therapies, including hypnotherapy, in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2014;109:1350-1365. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2014.148
  187. Vahedi H, Merat S, Momtahen S, et al. Clinical trial: the effect of amitriptyline in patients with diarrhoea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:678-684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03633.x
  188. Ghadir MR, Habibinejad H, Heidari A, Vahedi H. Doxepin is more effective than nortriptyline and placebo for the treatment of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized triple-blind placebocontrolled trial. Tehran Univ Med J 2011;69:352-358.
  189. Nigam P, Kapoor KK, Rastog CK, Kumar A, Gupta AK. Different therapeutic regimens in irritable bowel syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India 1984;32:1041-1044.
  190. Ladabaum U, Sharabidze A, Levin TR, et al. Citalopram provides little or no benefit in nondepressed patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010;8:42-48, e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2009.09.008
  191. Talley NJ, Kellow JE, Boyce P, Tennant C, Huskic S, Jones M. Antidepressant therapy (imipramine and citalopram) for irritable bowel syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Dig Dis Sci 2008;53:108-115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-007-9830-4
  192. Andresen V, Camilleri M, Busciglio IA, et al. Effect of 5 days linaclotide on transit and bowel function in females with constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2007;133:761-768. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2007.06.067
  193. Johnston JM, Kurtz CB, Macdougall JE, et al. Linaclotide improves abdominal pain and bowel habits in a phase IIb study of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Gastroenterology 2010;139:1877-1886, e2. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2010.08.041
  194. Castro J, Harrington AM, Hughes PA, et al. Linaclotide inhibits colonic nociceptors and relieves abdominal pain via guanylate cyclase-C and extracellular cyclic guanosine 3',5'-monophosphate. Gastroenterology 2013;145:1334-1346. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2013.08.017
  195. Yang Y, Fang J, Guo X, et al. Linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a phase 3 randomized trial in China and other regions. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;33:980-989. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.14086
  196. Rao S, Lembo AJ, Shiff SJ, et al. A 12-week, randomized, controlled trial with a 4-week randomized withdrawal period to evaluate the efficacy and safety of linaclotide in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1714-1724. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2012.255
  197. Chey WD, Lembo AJ, Lavins BJ, et al. Linaclotide for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation: a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and safety. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:1702-1712. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2012.254
  198. Quigley EM, Tack J, Chey WD, et al. Randomised clinical trials: linaclotide phase 3 studies in IBS-C - a prespecified further analysis based on european medicines agency-specified endpoints. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2013;37:49-61. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12123
  199. Shah ED, Kim HM, Schoenfeld P. Efficacy and tolerability of guanylate cyclase-C agonists for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation and chronic idiopathic constipation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2018;113:329-338. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2017.495
  200. Crowell MD, Harris LA, DiBaise JK, Olden KW. Activation of type-2 chloride channels: a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of chronic constipation. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2007;8:66-70.
  201. Fukudo S, Hongo M, Kaneko H, Ueno R. Efficacy and safety of oral lubiprostone in constipated patients with or without irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized, placebo-controlled and dose-finding study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011;23:544-e205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01668.x
  202. Johanson JF, Drossman DA, Panas R, Wahle A, Ueno R. Clinical trial: phase 2 study of lubiprostone for irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;27:685-696. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03629.x
  203. Rivkin A, Chagan L. Lubiprostone: chloride channel activator for chronic constipation. Clin Ther 2006;28:2008-2021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinthera.2006.12.013
  204. Chey WD, Drossman DA, Johanson JF, Scott C, Panas RM, Ueno R. Safety and patient outcomes with lubiprostone for up to 52 weeks in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2012;35:587-599. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.2011.04983.x
  205. Li F, Fu T, Tong WD, et al. Lubiprostone is effective in the treatment of chronic idiopathic constipation and irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mayo Clin Proc 2016;91:456-468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.01.015
  206. Menees SB, Maneerattannaporn M, Kim HM, Chey WD. The efficacy and safety of rifaximin for the irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Gastroenterol 2012;107:28-35. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2011.355
  207. Schoenfeld P, Pimentel M, Chang L, et al. Safety and tolerability of rifaximin for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome without constipation: a pooled analysis of randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014;39:1161-1168. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12735
  208. Lembo A, Pimentel M, Rao SS, et al. Repeat treatment with rifaximin is safe and effective in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 2016;151:1113-1121. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2016.08.003
  209. Pimentel M, Cash BD, Lembo A, Wolf RA, Israel RJ, Schoenfeld P. Repeat rifaximin for irritable bowel syndrome: no clinically significant changes in stool microbial antibiotic sensitivity. Dig Dis Sci 2017;62:2455-2463. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-017-4598-7
  210. Zhao J, Zheng X, Chu H, et al. A study of the methodological and clinical validity of the combined lactulose hydrogen breath test with scintigraphic oro-cecal transit test for diagnosing small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in IBS patients. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014;26:794-802. https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.12331
  211. Tan VP, Liu KS, Lam FY, Hung IF, Yuen MF, Leung WK. Randomised clinical trial: rifaximin versus placebo for the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2017;45:767-776. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13945
  212. Suzuki H, Inadomi JM, Hibi T. Japanese herbal medicine in functional gastrointestinal disorders. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2009;21:688-696. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2982.2009.01290.x
  213. Lembo AJ, Conboy L, Kelley JM, et al. A treatment trial of acupuncture in IBS patients. Am J Gastroenterol 2009;104:1489-1497. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2009.156
  214. Schneider A, Enck P, Streitberger K, et al. Acupuncture treatment in irritable bowel syndrome. Gut 2006;55:649-654. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2005.074518
  215. Zhu JJ, Liu S, Su XL, et al. Efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016;2016:4071260.
  216. Xiao Y, Liu Y, Huang S, et al. The efficacy of Shugan Jianpi Zhixie therapy for diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. PLoS One 2015;10:e0122397. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0122397
  217. Dai YK, Li DY, Zhang YZ, et al. Efficacy and safety of modified Tongxie Yaofang in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome management: a meta-analysis of randomized, positive medicine-controlled trials. PLoS One 2018;13:e0192319. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0192319
  218. Fan H, Zheng L, Lai Y, et al. Tongxie formula reduces symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017;15:1724-1732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.026
  219. Laird KT, Tanner-Smith EE, Russell AC, Hollon SD, Walker LS. Short-term and long-term efficacy of psychological therapies for irritable bowel syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2016;14:937-947, e4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2015.11.020
  220. Jang AL, Hwang SK, Kim DU. The effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in female nursing students with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized trial. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2014;26:918-926. https://doi.org/10.1097/MEG.0000000000000140
  221. Shinozaki M, Kanazawa M, Kano M, et al. Effect of autogenic training on general improvement in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: a randomized controlled trial. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback 2010;35:189-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-009-9125-y
  222. Ford AC, Talley NJ, Schoenfeld PS, Quigley EM, Moayyedi P. Efficacy of antidepressants and psychological therapies in irritable bowel syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Gut 2009;58:367-378. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2008.163162
  223. Zijdenbos IL, de Wit NJ, van der Heijden GJ, Rubin G, Quartero AO. Psychological treatments for the management of irritable bowel syndrome. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2009:CD006442.
  224. Siah KTH, Gong X, Yang XJ, et al. Rome foundation-asian working team report: asian functional gastrointestinal disorder symptom clusters. Gut 2018;67:1071-1077. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-312852
  225. Holtmann GJ, Talley NJ. Inconsistent symptom clusters for functional gastrointestinal disorders in asia: is Rome burning? Gut 2018;67:1911-1915. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2017-314775
  226. Clevers E, Whitehead WE, Palsson OS, et al. Factor analysis defines distinct upper and lower gastrointestinal symptom groups compatible with Rome IV criteria in a population-based study. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018;16:1252-1259, e5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.02.042

Cited by

  1. Effect of Rice, Wheat, and Mung Bean Ingestion on Intestinal Gas Production and Postprandial Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Non-Constipation Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients vol.11, pp.9, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11092061
  2. Effect of Structural Individual Low-FODMAP Dietary Advice vs. Brief Advice on a Commonly Recommended Diet on IBS Symptoms and Intestinal Gas Production vol.11, pp.12, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11122856
  3. The Effect of Phloroglucinol in Patients With Diarrhea-predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial vol.26, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5056/jnm19160
  4. Marshall and Warren Lecture 2019: A paradigm shift in pathophysiological basis of irritable bowel syndrome and its implication on treatment vol.35, pp.5, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15032
  5. Characteristics of fecal metabolic profiles in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea investigated using 1H‐NMR coupled with multivariate statistical analysi vol.32, pp.6, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/nmo.13830
  6. Using Polyethylene Glycol 3350 Plus Electrolytes in Constipated Hemodialysis Patients: A Case Series vol.60, pp.3, 2021, https://doi.org/10.2169/internalmedicine.5231-20
  7. Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Prescribing Patterns of Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Taiwan vol.12, 2021, https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.788795
  8. The epidemiology and quality of life of functional gastrointestinal disorders according to Rome III vs Rome IV criteria: A cross‐sectional study in primary care vol.22, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/1751-2980.12975
  9. Prevalence, overlap, and risk factors for Rome IV functional gastrointestinal disorders among college students in northern India vol.40, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12664-020-01106-y
  10. Differences in dietary habits of people with vs without irritable bowel syndrome and their association with symptom and psychological status: A pilot study vol.9, pp.11, 2019, https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v9.i11.2487
  11. Low fermentable oligosaccharide, disaccharide, monosaccharide, and polyol diet in patients with diarrhea‐predominant irritable bowel syndrome: A prospective, randomized trial vol.36, pp.8, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15410
  12. Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on irritable bowel syndrome vol.36, pp.8, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.15466
  13. Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and metabolic syndrome among young adults in an annual health check‐up setting vol.5, pp.10, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12639
  14. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and management of irritable bowel syndrome in Vietnam: A scoping review vol.5, pp.11, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12616
  15. The challenges of implementing evidence‐based therapy for irritable bowel syndrome in Asia vol.5, pp.11, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/jgh3.12665
  16. Overlap between irritable bowel syndrome and hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: An unexplored clinical phenotype? vol.187, pp.4, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31938