Fig. 1. Forces acting on active wedge in Mononobe-Okabe
Fig. 2. Model of quay wall
Fig. 3. Input motion of scaled 0.3g: (a) Motion 1: Loma Prieta (b) Motion 2: Ofunato (c) Motion 3: Northridge (d) Motion 4: Kobe (e) Motion 5: Coyote Lake (f) Motion 6: Hachinohe (g) Motion 7: Gyeongju (h) Response spectrum
Fig. 4. Hysteretic curve and backbone curve
Fig. 5. Total displacement contours using 0.5g scaled motions
Fig. 6. Shear stress-shear strain curves from nodes at backfill (node location reference: Fig. 2)
Fig. 7. Shear stress and strain curve from node F (Fig. 2) in Motion 1 (Loma Prieta 0.5g)
Fig. 8. Comparison of the ratio of the acceleration response spectra of the backfill to input motion
Fig. 9. Comparison of permanent displacement (void symbols=0.3g, solid symbols=0.5g)
Fig. 10. Effect of the hydrostatic pressure on calculated permanent displacement (a) 0.3g scaled motions (b) 0.5g scaled motions
Table 1. Recorded motions
Table 2. Material properties based on SPT-N at specific site
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