DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

방풍망 차광시설 및 미세살수 처리가 '홍로' 및 '후지' 사과나무의 생육환경 및 과실 품질에 미치는 영향

Effects of Wind Net Shading and Sprinkling on Growing Conditions and Fruit Quality in 'Hongro' and 'Fuji' Apple Fruits

  • 강경진 (충남농업기술원 원예연구과) ;
  • 서정학 (충남농업기술원 원예연구과) ;
  • 윤홍기 (충남농업기술원 원예연구과) ;
  • 서정석 (충남농업기술원 원예연구과) ;
  • 최택용 (충남농업기술원 원예연구과) ;
  • 천종필 (충남대학교 원예학과)
  • 투고 : 2019.03.18
  • 심사 : 2019.04.08
  • 발행 : 2019.04.30

초록

사과 표면의 온도 측정 결과, '후지' 품종에서 무처리구가 $44^{\circ}C$로 가장 높게 나왔으며, 미세살수 처리구가 $35^{\circ}C$로 가장 낮아 사과의 표면온도를 직접적으로 낮추는데 가장 효과적이었고, '홍로' 품종에서는 방풍망 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 약 $9^{\circ}C$의 온도하강 효과를 나타내었다. 조도 및 광량은 방풍망 처리구가 $53.26^3lx$로 무처리구의 $90.28^3lx$에 비하여 유의하게 낮은 결과를 보였다. 그리고 오후 시간의 햇볕은 파장이 긴 적색광으로 과실의 품온이 증가하고 광합성량이 증가되는 반면 과실의 호흡량이 증가하여 색소 발현 및 저장양분의 축적에 저해요인으로 작용하는 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 방풍망을 이용한 차광으로 빛의 강도와 온도를 인위적으로 낮추어 광포화점이 발생하지 않는 정도에서 충분한 채광시간과 효율적인 광합성작용을 유도 하는 것이 과실품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법으로 판단되었다. '후지'와 '홍로'의 최대양자수율 Fv/Fm 값이 다른 처리들보다 무처리구에서 0.74로 가장 낮은 것으로 조사되었는데 이는 미세살수, 방풍망 처리구가 무처리구에 비해 높은 광합성 효율을 나타내고 있음을 시사하였다. '후지'의 일소피해 조사결과 미세살수 처리구는 5%, 방풍망 처리구는 7%로 무처리구에 비하여 일소발생이 약 15% 경감되었고 '홍로'의 경우는 미세살수 처리구는 22%, 방풍망 처리구는 25%로 무처리구에 비하여 일소발생이 약 7% 감소하였다. '홍로'의 일소피해 발생이 '후지'에 비해서 높았던 이유는 '홍로'가 '후지'보다 비대 속도가 빠르며 광을 받는 과실 표면의 면적이 상대적으로 컸기 때문으로 판단되었다. 착색지수 중 적색도($a^*$)의 경우 '후지' 품종에서 무처리구에 비하여 미세살수와 방풍망 처리구가 각각 26% 및 34%로 착색향상을 개선할 수 있었다. 이상의 결과를 종합하면, 사과 주요 품종에 대한 미세살수 및 방풍망 처리는 추후 기후변화로 인인 사과생육기 고온증상으로 발생할 수 있는 과실일소 및 착색불량 등 과실품질저해요인을 저감할 수 있는 현장적용이 가능한 기술로 판단되었고, 또한 이로 인한 상품성 증가로 농가 소득증대에 기여할 것으로 판단되었다.

In recent years, the deterioration of fruit quality caused by poor coloration and sunburn disorder has become serious problems in apple market, which is a result of the increase of surface temperature due to the abnormal temperature increase during summer season. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of wind net shading and fine water spray using sprinkler on fruit coloration, sunburn damage and overall fruit quality of 'Fuji' and 'Hongro' apples. Fifteen sprinklers (7L/hr) were installed at the orchard of the Chungcheongnam-do Agricultural Research and Extension Services, located in Sinam-myeon Chungcheongnam-do Korea, at a height of 3m above the apple tree of $1.5m{\times}3.5m$ north-south direction. Fine water spraying treatment was divided into day time spray (10:00 am to 6:00 pm) and all day spray (10:00 am to 10:00 pm) from early July to 10 days before harvest in 2017 and 2018 season, respectively. Temperature of the surface of apple fruit, characteristic of fruit, and degree of sunburn damage were investigated. In 'Fuji', the fruit surface temperature checked at 2 pm on August 10 was decreased considerably in the day time spray ($35.6^{\circ}C$) and wind net ($39.0^{\circ}C$) when compared with the untreated control ($44.4^{\circ}C$). Similarly, the fruit surface temperature also decreased considerably in the all day spray ($35.1^{\circ}C$) and wind net ($36.9^{\circ}C$) treatments when compared with the untreated control ($46.5^{\circ}C$) in 'Hongro' apples. The incidence of sunburn disorder was significantly decreased with day time spray (5.0%), all day spray (5.8%) and wind net (7.0%) when compared with untreated control (23.4%) in 'Fuji' apples. As a results, the treatment of fine water spray and wind net consequently showed 26% and 34% increase of redness ($a^*$) value in the skin color difference, respectively, in 'Fuji' apples.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Arakawa, O., Y. Hori, and R. Ogata. 1986. Characteristics of development and relationship between anthocyanin synthesis and pheylalanine ammonia-lyase activity in 'Starking Delicious', 'Fuji' and 'Mutsu' apple fruits. J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci. 54:424-430. https://doi.org/10.2503/jjshs.54.424
  2. Bae, R.N. and S.K. Lee. 1994. Effects of some postharvest treatment on anthocyanin synthesis and quality and 'Fuji' apples. J. Kor. Soc. Hort. Sci. 35:599-609.
  3. Cho, D.H., J.S. Kim, J.Y. Yoon, S.Y. Choi, and B.S. Choi. 1995. Effect of rain shelter and reflecting film mulching on fruit quality and disease infection in peach. RDA. J. Agri. Sci. 37:456-460.
  4. Fulek, T. and F.J. Francis. 1968. Quantitative methods for anthocyanin. 1. Extraction and determination of total anthocyanin in cranberries. J. Food. Sci. 33:72-77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1968.tb00887.x
  5. Gindaba, J. and S. J. E. Wand. 2005. Comparative effects of evaporative cooling, kaolin particl film, and shade net on sunburn and fruit quality in apples. HortScience 40:592-596. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.40.3.592
  6. Glenn, D. M. and G. Puterka. 2004. Particle film technology: An overview of history, concepts and impact in horticulture. Acta Hortic. 636:509-511. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2004.636.63
  7. Glenn, D. M., E. Prado, A. Erez, J. McFerson, and G. J. Puterka. 2002. A reflective, processed-kaolin particle film affects fruit temperature, radiation reflection and solar injury in apple. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 127:188-193. https://doi.org/10.21273/JASHS.127.2.188
  8. Iglesias, I., J. Salvia, L. Torguet, and C. Cabus. 2001. Orchard cooling with overtree microsprinkler irrigation to improve fruit colour and quality of 'Topred Delicious' appls. Estacio Experimental de Lleida, Institut de Recerca I Tecnologies Agroalimentaries(IRTA), Avda, Rovira Roure, 177:25198- Lleida, Spain.
  9. Iglesias, I., J. Salvia, L. Torguet, and R. Montserrat. 2005. The evaporative cooling effects of overtree microsprinkler irrigation on 'Mondial Gala' apples. Sci. Hortic. 103:267-287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2004.06.010
  10. Kotze, W.A.G., J.A. Carreira, O. Beukes, and A.U. Redelinghuys. 1988. Effect of evaporative cooling on the growth, yield and fruit quality of apples. Deciduous Fruit Grower 38:20-24.
  11. Palmer, J.W., J.P. Prive, and D.S. Tustin. 2003. Temperature. Apples; botany, production and uses, D. C. Ferree and I. J. Warrington (Eds.), CABI Publishing, Cambridge, MA, USA, 217-236.
  12. Parchomchuk, P. and M. Meheriuk. 1996. Orchard cooling with pulsed overtree irrigation to prevent solar injury and improve fruit quality of ‘Jonagold’ apples. HortScience 31:802-804. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI.31.5.802
  13. Park, J.G., S.K. Kim, J.Y. Lee, S.H. Kim, and Y.U. Shin. 2004. Seasonal and daily patterns of xylem sap transportation in 'Fuji'/M.9 apple trees. Kor. J. Hort. Sci. Technol. 22:310-314.
  14. Piskolczi, M., C. Varga, and J. Racsko. 2004. A review of the meteorological causes of sunburn injury on the surface of apple fruit (Malus domestica BORKH). J. Fruit and Ornam. Plant. Res. 12:245-252.
  15. Racsko, J. and L. E. Schrader, 2012. Sunburn of Apple Fruit: Historical background, recent advances and future perspectives. Critic. Rev. Plant Sci. 31:455-504. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2012.696453
  16. Schrader, L., J. Sun, J. Zhang, D. Felicetti, and J. Tian. 2008. Heat and light-induced apple skin disorders: Causes and prevention. Acta Hortic. 772:51-58. https://doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2008.772.5
  17. Song, Y.Y., M.Y. Park, S.J. Yang, and D.H. Sagong. 2009: Influence of air temperature during midsummer on fruit sunburn occurrence in 'Fuji'/M9 apple tree. Kor. J. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 11:127-134. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2009.11.4.127
  18. Song, Y.Y., M.Y. Park, S.J. Yang, J.C. Nam, and D.H. Sagong. 2010. Research Articles : Effects of Microspraying of Water and Coating by White Materials on Fruit Sunburn Occurrence for "Fuji"/M.9 Apple Tree. Kor. J. Agric. Forest Meteorol. 12:76-82. https://doi.org/10.5532/KJAFM.2010.12.2.076
  19. Schupp, J., E. Fallahi, and I.J. Chun. 2002. Effect of particle film on fruit sunburn, maturity and quality of ‘Fuji’ and ‘Honeyscrisp’ apples. Hort Technol. 12:87-90. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.12.1.87