Journal of Sensor Science and Technology (센서학회지)

The Korean Sensors Society (한국센서학회)
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A 2.4 GHz Low-Noise Coupled Ring Oscillator with Quadrature Output for Sensor Networks

센서 네트워크를 위한 2.4 GHz 저잡음 커플드 링 발진기

  • Shim, Jae Hoon (School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National Unversity)
  • Received : 2019.03.23
  • Accepted : 2019.03.27
  • Published : 2019.03.31
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Abstract

The voltage-controlled oscillator is one of the fundamental building blocks that determine the signal quality and power consumption in RF transceivers for wireless sensor networks. Ring oscillators are attractive owing to their small form factor and multi-phase capability despite the relatively poor phase noise performance in comparison with LC oscillators. The phase noise of a ring oscillator can be improved by using a coupled structure that works at a lower frequency. This paper introduces a 2.4 GHz low-noise ring oscillator that consists of two 3-stage coupled ring oscillators. Each sub-oscillator operates at 800 MHz, and the multi-phase signals are combined to generate a 2.4 GHz quadrature output. The voltage-controlled ring oscillator designed in a 65-nm standard CMOS technology has a tuning range of 800 MHz and exhibits the phase noise of -104 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset. The power consumption is 13.3 mW from a 1.2 V supply voltage.

Keywords

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Fig. 1. Ring oscillator using negative skewed scheme: (a) conceptual diagram, (b) schematic diagram [3].

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Fig. 2. Frequency multiplication by combining 0˚, 120˚, 240˚ signals.

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Fig. 3. Coupled ring oscillators [7,8].

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Fig. 4. Overall architecture of the proposed oscillator.

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Fig. 5. Delay cell.

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Fig. 6. Coupled 3-stage ring oscillators.

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Fig. 7. Simulated waveform of multiphase signals.

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Fig. 8. Frequency multiplier.

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Fig. 9. Simulated waveform of frequency multipliers.

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Fig. 10. The 3-stage ring oscillator with dual delay path(C3 structure).

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Fig. 11. Simulated frequency range of the proposed VCO.

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Fig. 12. Simulated phase noise.

Table 1. List of designed ring oscillators.

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Table 3. Performance summary and comparison of VCOs

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Table 2. Performance comparison of various ring oscillator structures.

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