DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Development of a Novel Spawn (Block Spawn) of an Edible Mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, in Liquid Culture and its Cultivation Evaluation

  • Received : 2018.09.25
  • Accepted : 2018.11.19
  • Published : 2019.03.01

Abstract

Mushroom cultivation has gained increased attention in recent years. Currently, only four types of spawn, including sawdust spawn, grain spawn, liquid spawn, and stick spawn, are commonly available for mushroom cultivation. This limited spawn diversity has led to difficulty in selecting suitable inoculum materials in some cultivation. In this study, three small blocks of lignocellulosic agro-wastes and one block of a synthetic matrix were prepared as support for growing Pleurotus ostreatus in liquid medium. Mycelium-adsorbed blocks were then evaluated for their potential as block spawn for fructification. Our results indicated that the edible fungus was adsorbed and abundantly grew internally and externally on loofah sponge and synthetic polyurethane foam (PUF) supports and also has the ability to attach and grow on the surface of sugarcane bagasse and corncob supports. The mycelia of P. ostreatus adhered on corncob exhibited the highest metabolic activity, while those on the PUF showed the least activity. Mycelial extension rates of block spawns made of agro-waste materials were comparable to that of sawdust spawn, but the block spawn of PUF showed a significantly lower rate. No significant differences in cropping time and yield were observed among cultivations between experimental block spawns and sawdust spawns. Moreover, the corncob block spawn maintained its fruiting potential during an examined period of 6-month storage. The developed block spawn could be practically applied in mushroom cultivation.

Keywords

References

  1. Ali MA, Mehmood MI, Nawaz R, et al. Influence of substrate pasteurization methods on the yield of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus species). Pak J Agri Sci. 2007;44:300-303.
  2. Sadler M. Nutritional properties of edible fungi. Nutr Bull. 2003;28:305-338. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1467-3010.2003.00354.x
  3. Wasser SP. Medicinal mushrooms as a source of antitumor and immunomodulating polysaccharides. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2002;60:258-274. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-1076-7
  4. Sanchez C. Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus and other edible mushrooms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2010;85:1321-1337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-2343-7
  5. Girmay Z, Gorems W, Birhanu G, et al. Growth and yield performance of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq. Fr.) Kumm (oyster mushroom) on different substrates. AMB Express. 2016;6:87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13568-016-0265-1
  6. Rigas F, Papadopoulou K, Philippoussis A, et al. Bioremediation of lindane contaminated soil by Pleurotus ostreatus in non- sterile conditions multilevel factorial design. Water Air Soil Pollut. 2009;197:121-129. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9795-8
  7. Asgher M, Shah SAH, Ali M, et al. Decolorization of some reactive textile dyes by white rot fungi isolated in Pakistan. World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006;22:89-93. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-005-5743-6
  8. Flores C, Casasanero R, Trejo-Hernandez MR, et al. Production of laccases by Pleurotus ostreatus in submerged fermentation in co-culture with Trichoderma viride. J Appl Microbiol. 2010;108: 810-817. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04493.x
  9. Sher H, Al-Yemeni M, Bahkali AHA, et al. Effect of environmental factors on the yield of selected mushroom species growing in two different agro ecological zones of Pakistan. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2010; 17:321-326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2010.06.004
  10. Xu F, Li ZM, Liu Y, et al. Evaluation of edible mushroom Oudemansiella canarii cultivation on different lignocellulosic substrates. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2016;23:607-613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2015.07.001
  11. Sainos E, Diaz-Godinez G, Loera O, et al. Growth of Pleurotus ostreatus on wheat straw and wheatgrain- based media: biochemical aspects and preparation of mushroom inoculum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2006;72:812-815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0363-0
  12. Mamiro DP, Royse DJ. The influence of spawn type and strain on yield, size, and mushroom solids content of Agaricus bisporus produced on noncomposted and spent mushroom compost. Bioresour Technol. 2008;99:3205-3212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.05.073
  13. Frieal MT, McLoughlin AJ. Production of a liquid inoculums/spawn of Agaricus bisporus. Biotechnol Lett. 2000;22:351-354. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005616516646
  14. Obodai M, Cleland-Okine J, Vowotor KA. Comparative study on the growth and yield of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom on different lignocellulosic by-products. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2003;30:146-149. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-002-0021-1
  15. Jo WS, Rew YH, Choi SG, et al. Effect of various sawdusts and logs media on the fruiting body formation of Phellinus gilvus. Mycobiology. 2007;35: 6-10. https://doi.org/10.4489/MYCO.2007.35.1.006
  16. Zhang RY, Hu DD, Ma XT, et al. Adapting stick spawn reduced the spawn running time and improved mushroom yield and biological efficiency of Pleurotus eryngii. Sci Hortic. 2014;175:156-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2014.05.028
  17. Wang LQ, Li YF, Liu DH, et al. Immobilization of mycelial pellets from liquid spawn of oyster mushroom based on carrier adsorption. HortTechnology. 2011;21:82-86. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTTECH.21.1.82
  18. Rosado FR, Kemmelmeier C, Da Costa SM. Alternative method of inoculums and spawn production for the cultivation of the edible Brazilian mushroom Pleurotus ostreatoroseus SING. J Basic Microbiol. 2002;42:37-44. https://doi.org/10.1002/1521-4028(200203)42:1<37::AID-JOBM37>3.0.CO;2-S
  19. Kawai G, Kobayashi H, Fukushima Y, et al. Effect of liquid mycelial culture used as a spawn on sawdust cultivation of shiitake (Lentinula edodes). Mycoscience. 1996;37:201-207. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02461345
  20. Ma L, Lin YQ, Yang C, et al. Production of liquid spawn of an edible mushroom, Sparassis latifolia by submerged fermentation and mycelial growth on pine wood. Sci Hortic. 2016;209:22-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2016.06.001
  21. Liu SR, Zhang WR, Kuang YB. Production of stalk spawn of an edible mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) in liquid culture as a suitable substitute for stick spawn in mushroom cultivation. Sci Hortic. 2018; 240:572-577. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2018.06.068
  22. Tang YJ, Zhong JJ. Fed-batch fermentation of Ganoderma lucidum for hyperproduction of polysaccharide and ganoderic acid. Enzyme Microb Technol. 2002;31:20-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0229(02)00066-2
  23. Zervakis G, Philippoussis A, Ioannidou S, et al. Mycelium growth kinetics and optimal temperature conditions for the cultivation of edible mushroom species on lignocellulosic substrates. Folia Microbiol (Praha). 2001;46:231-234. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02818539
  24. Yang WJ, Guo FL, Wan ZJ. Yield and size of oyster mushroom grown on rice/wheat straw basal substrate supplemented with cotton seed hull. Saudi J Biol Sci. 2013;20:333-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.02.006
  25. Rodriguez Estrada AE, Jimenez-Gasco M, Royse DJ. Improvement of yield of Pleurotus eryngii var. eryngii by substrate supplementation and use of a casing overlay. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100: 5270-5276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.073
  26. Levitz SM, Diamond RD. A rapid colorimetric assay of fungal viability with the tetrazolium salt MTT. J Infect Dis. 1985;152:938-945. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/152.5.938
  27. Feng J, Feng N, Zhang JS, et al. A new temperature control shifting strategy for enhanced triperpene production by Ganoderma lucidum G0119 based on submerged liquid fermentation. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. 2016;180:740-752. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-016-2129-1
  28. Liu YK, Seki M, Tanaka H, et al. Characteristics of loofa (Luffa cylindrica) sponge as a carrier for plant cell immobilization. J Biosci Bioeng. 1998;85: 416-421.
  29. Iqbal M, Zafar SI. Bioactivity of immobilized microalgal cells: application potential of vegetable sponge in microbial biotechnology. Lett Appl Microbiol. 1993;17:289-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1993.tb01469.x
  30. Iqbal M, Zafar SI. Vegetable sponge as a matrix to immobilize micro-organisms: a trial study for hyphal fungi, yeast and bacteria. Lett Appl Microbiol. 1994;18:214-217. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1472-765X.1994.tb00850.x
  31. Santos DT, Sarrouh BF, Rivaldi JD, et al. Use of sugarcane bagasse as biomaterial for cell immobilization for xylitol production. J Food Eng. 2008;86:542-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2007.11.004
  32. Zhu HJ, Wang WH, Liu JH, et al. Immobilization of Streptomyces thermotolerans 11432 on polyurethane foam to improve production of acetylisovaleryltylosin. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol. 2015;42:105-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10295-014-1545-x
  33. Wan-Mohtar WAAQI, Abd Malek R, Harvey LM, et al. Exopolysaccharide production by Ganoderma lucidum immobilised on polyurethane foam in a repeated-batch fermentation. Biocatal Agric Biotechnol. 2016;8:24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcab.2016.08.002
  34. Prasad KK, Mohan SV, Bhaskar YV, et al. Laccase production using Pleurotus ostreatus 1804 immobilized on PUF cubes in batch and packed bed reactors: influence of culture conditions. J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2005;43:301-307.
  35. Haapala A, Linko S. Production of Phanerochaete chrysosporium lignin peroxidase under various culture conditions. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 1993;40:494-498. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00175737
  36. Samir AM, Mahmoud AK. Biosynthesis of gibberellic acid from milk permeate in repeated batch operation by a mutant Fusarium moniliforme cells immobilized on loofah sponge. Bioresour Technol. 2009;100:374-379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2008.06.024
  37. Mohammadi A, Enayatzadeh M, Nasernejad B. Enzymatic degradation of anthracene by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium immobilized on sugarcane bagasse. J Hazard Mater. 2009;161:534-537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.132
  38. Zhang A, Wang G, Gong G, et al. Immobilization of white rot fungi to carbohydrate-rich corn cob as a basis for tertiary treatment of secondarily treated pulp and paper mill wastewater. Ind Crop Prod. 2017;109:538-541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2017.09.006
  39. Silverio SC, Moreira S, Milagres AM, et al. Laccase production by free and immobilized mycelia of Peniophora cinerea and Trametes versicolor: a comparative study. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng. 2013;36:365-373. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-012-0793-2
  40. Mukhopadhyay R, Chatterjee S, Chatterjee BP, et al. Production of gluconic acid from whey by free and immobilized Aspergillus niger. Int Dairy J. 2005;15:299-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2004.07.010
  41. Mazmanci MA, Unyayar A. Decolourisation of reactive black 5 by Funalia trogii immobilised on Luffa cylindrical sponge. Process Biochem. 2005;40:337-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2004.01.007
  42. Gaitan-Hernandez R, Salmones D. Obtaining and characterizing Pleurotus ostreatus strains for commercial cultivation under warm environmental conditions. Sci Hortic. 2008;118:106-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.05.029
  43. Wang SX, Xu F, Li ZM, et al. The spent mushroom substrate of Hypsizigus marmoreus can be an effective component for growing the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus. Sci Hortic. 2015;186:217-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2015.02.028

Cited by

  1. A novel acid polysaccharide from fermented broth of Pleurotus citrinopileatus: Hypoglycemic activity in vitro and chemical structure vol.1220, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128717
  2. Successful Rescue of Wild Trametes versicolor Strains Using Sawdust and Rice Husk-based Substrate vol.24, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.3923/pjbs.2021.374.382
  3. Cultivation and Nutritional Value of Prominent Pleurotus spp.: An Overview vol.49, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1080/12298093.2020.1835142