전통적인 발효 방법으로 제조된 참외식초의 기능적 특성

Functional Properties of Muskmelon Vinegars Manufactured with Traditional Fermentation Methods

Abstract

본 연구에서는 다양한 방법으로 제조한 참외식초의 이화학적 특성과 항산화 작용, 알코올 대사 효소 활성 및 RAW 264.7 세포에서의 항염증 활성에 미치는 영향을 알아보았다. 각기 다른 방법으로 제조한 참외식초의 총 산도는 MV-1은 4.00%, MV-2는 4.32%, MV-3은 4.35%로 나타났다. 유기산 측정결과 MV-1은 malic acid (58.37 mg/ml), MV-2 (46.95 mg/ml)와 MV-3 (66.70 mg/ml)는 acetic acid가 가장 높게 나타났다. 참외식초의 총 페놀 함량은 MV-3에서 $129.74{\mu}g$ TAE/ml로 가장 높게 나타났다(p<0.05). 참외식초의 DPPH radical 소거능은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), MV-3 40% 농도에서 89.28%로 가장 높게 나타났다. SOD 활성은 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며(p<0.05), 60% 농도에서의 MV-1와 MV-2 및 MV-3는 각각 40.84%, 52.17%, 72.55%로 나타났다(p<0.05). 참외식초의 ADH 및 ALDH 활성은 농도의존적으로 증가하였으며, 60% 농도에서의 ADH 활성은 MV-1에서 136.58%로 가장 높게 나타났고, ALDH 활성은 MV-2에서 100.25%로 나타났다. 아질산염 소거능 분석에서는 pH 1.2에서 MV-1, MV-2, MV-3 각각 81.58%와 94.72% 및 87.75%로 나타났다. 참외식초의 항염증 활성 측정을 위하여 LPS로 유도된 RAW 264.7 cell의 NO 합성을 측정한 결과, 1%에서 농도에서 MV-1, MV-2, MV-3의 NO 합성은 각각 25.93%와 10.01% 및 79.75% 감소하였다(p<0.05). 이상의 결과와 같이 참외 꼭지를 포함하여 0.5 cm두께로 슬라이스한 참외와 찹쌀고두밥 및 누룩을 이용하여 전통적인 방법으로 제조한 MV-3는 항산화 및 항염증 활성이 높은것으로 나타났기에 기능성 건강음료로서의 가능성이 높은 것으로 판단된다.

This study investigated the physiochemical properties, the anti-oxidant and alcohol metabolism enzyme activities, and the anti-inflammatory effects of three muskmelon vinegars prepared under different fermentation conditions, namely MV-1, MV-2, and MV-3. The total acidity of each vinegar was 4.00%, 4.32%, and 4.35%, respectively. Organic acid analysis showed that malic acid (58.37 mg/ml) was the most prevalent in MV-1 and that acetic acid was most prevalent in both MV-2 (46.95 mg/ml) and MV-3 (66.70 mg/ml). The total phenolic content of the muskmelon vinegars was highest at $129.74{\mu}g$ tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/ml in MV-3. The DPPH radical scavenging activity of the vinegars increased in a dose-dependent manner (p<0.05) and was 89.28% at MV-3 40% concentration. Similarly, SOD activitity increased in a concentration-dependent manner (p<0.05) so that levels for MV-1, MV-2, and MV-3 at 60% concentrations were 40.84%, 52.17% and 72.55%, respectively (p<0.05). Moreover, the ADH and ALDH activities of muskmelon vinegar were seen to increase in a concentration-dependent manner; ADH activity at 60% concentration was highest at 136.58% in MV-1 and ALDH activity at 60% concentration was highest at 100.25% in MV-2. The nitrite scavenging activities of MV-1, MV-2, and MV-3 at pH 1.2 were found to be 81.58%, 94.72%, and 87.75%, respectively. Anti-inflammatory effects were also examined, using LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells, and nitric oxide production was reduced to 25.93%, 10.01%, and 79.75% by addition of MV-1, MV-2, and MV-3 at 1% concentration, respectively (p<0.05). These results suggest that the MV-3 muskmelon vinegar has great potential as an ingredient for high quality functional health beverages.

Fig. 1. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods.

Fig. 2. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods.

Fig. 3. Effects of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods on the alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH).

Fig. 4. Effects of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods on the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH).

Fig. 5. Nitrite scavenging effect of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods under different pH conditions.

Fig. 6. Effects of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods on NO synthesis (A) and cell viability (B) in bacterial LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. RAW264.7 cells were cultured for 24 hr with various concentration of PBE in the presence of LPS (10 μg/ml). Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. NO release was measured using the method of Griess (nitrite).

Table 1. Total acidity of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods

Table 2. Organic acid of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods

Table 3. Total polyphenol contents of muskmelon vinegars manufactured with different methods