Research in Community and Public Health Nursing (지역사회간호학회지)

Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing (한국지역사회간호학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Factors Influencing Happiness among Pregnant Women in the Ecological Systems Theory

임부의 행복에 영향을 미치는 요인: 생태체계 이론 적용

  • Lee, Gyuree (College of Nursing, Kyungpook National University) ;
  • Choi, Hyunkyung (College of Nursing.Research Institute of Nursing Science, Kyungpook National University)
  • 이규리 (경북대학교 간호대학 대학원) ;
  • 최현경 (경북대학교 간호대학.간호과학연구소)
  • Received : 2018.06.15
  • Accepted : 2018.09.28
  • Published : 2019.03.31
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study tries to systematically understand factors that explain levels of happiness among pregnant women in the Ecological systems theory. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with 169 pregnant women in Korea. Collected data from self-report questionnaires were analyzed by hierarchical regression analysis using the SPSS statistics 23 program. Results: A total of 5 models were examined according to individual, microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem in the Ecological systems theory. In the first model including individual factors, extraversion, neuroticism, and physical and psychological change constitute significant factors explaining happiness. In the second model with microsystem factors and in the third one with mesosystem factors, marital intimacy appears to be a significant factor. In the fourth model including exosystem factors, community service is a significant factor. In the final model with social atmosphere, personality (${\beta}=.15$ for extraversion; ${\beta}=-.30$ for neuroticism), physical and psychological change (${\beta}=-.15$), marital intimacy (${\beta}=.35$), and community service (${\beta}=.18$) turn out to be significant. These factors explain 59% of the variance of happiness in the pregnant women in Korea. Conclusion: Considering the fact that pregnant women's happiness is explained by microsystem and exosystem factors as well as individual factors, developing intervention programs that can promote influencing factors such as marital intimacy and community service is necessary to improve levels of happiness among pregnant women in Korea.

Keywords

References

  1. Diener E. The science of well-being: The collected works of Ed Diener. 1st ed. New York: Springer Science & Business Media; 2009. 274 p.
  2. Suh EK, Koo JS. A Concise Measure of Subjective Well-Being (COMOSWB): Scale development and validation. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology. 2011;25(1):95-113. https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.1.006
  3. Seyed Ahmadi Nejad FS, Seyed Ahmadi Nejad F, Golmakani N, Khajehpoor M, Azizi Mayvan F. The relationship between happiness and fear of childbirth in nulliparous women. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2017;5(4):1082-1089. https://doi.org/10.22038/JMRH.2017.8324
  4. Cheng CY, Pickler RH. Maternal psychological well-being and salivary cortisol in late pregnancy and early post-partum. Stress and Health. 2010;26(3):215-224. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.1285
  5. Kiehl EM, White MA. Maternal adaptation during childbearing in Norway, Sweden and the United States. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. 2003;17(2):96-103. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-6712.2003.00116.x
  6. Kang SK, Choi JH, Chung MR. The relationships among pregnant women and their spouses' communications with their parents, marital communications, stress-coping style, and subjective well-being. Journal of Children's Literature and Education. 2015;16(3):529-551.
  7. Noh NI, Yeom HA. Development of the Korean Paternal-Fetal Attachment Scale(K-PAFAS). Asian Nursing Research. 2017;11(2):98-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2017.05.001
  8. Kim BS, Choi SJ, Choi EM. Happiness and government's role: A study on the mediating effect of quality of life between public services and happiness. Korean Public Administration Review. 2015;49(4):97-122. https://doi.org/10.18333/KPAR.49.4.97
  9. Jayasvasti K, Kanchanatawan B. Happiness and related factors in pregnant women. Journal of the Medical Association of Thailand=Chotmaihet Thangphaset. 2005;88:S220-225.
  10. Heo SY. An analysis of ecological variables affecting adolescent happiness [dissertation]. [Seoul]: Sookmyung Women's University; 2009. 145 p.
  11. Shin YJ, Lee HJ, Yoon HS, Nam GC, Kim PS. Research on low fertility and population aging: A study on utilization of community resources for childbirth and child care. Cooperative Research. Seoul: Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs; 2007 December. Report No.: 978-89-8187-433-9.
  12. Bronfenbrenner U. The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. USA: Harvard University Press; 1981. 352 p.
  13. Koo JS, Suh EK. Happiness in Korea: Who is happy and when?. Korean Journal of Social and Personality Psychology. 2011;25(2):143-166. https://doi.org/10.21193/kjspp.2011.25.2.008
  14. Calou CGP, Pinheiro AKB, Castro RCMB, de Oliveira MF, de Souza Aquino P, Antezana FJ. Health related quality of life of pregnant women and associated factors: An integrative review. Health. 2014;6(18):2375-2387. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2014.618273
  15. Jeon YK. The association between body image and depression, spouse support, and pre-pregnancy body mass index in pregnant women [master's thesis]. [Seoul]: Yonsei University; 2016. 67 p.
  16. Yang KM, Kim SL. Effects of a Taegyo program on parent-fetal attachment and parenthood in first pregnancy couples. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 2010;40(4):571-579. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2010.40.4.571
  17. Im HS, Hwang HS. Analysis of causes affecting the subjective well-being of the degree of satisfaction of the service of longterm care facilities. Journal of Welfare for the Aged Institute. 2011;54:237-261.
  18. Glazier RH, Elgar FJ, Goel V, Holzapfel S. Stress, social support, and emotional distress in a community sample of pregnant women. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2004;25(3-4):247-255. https://doi.org/10.1080/01674820400024406
  19. Costa PT, McCrae RR. Normal personality assessment in clinical practice: The NEO Personality Inventory. Psychological Assessment. 1992;4(1):5-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.5
  20. Ahn CK, Chae JH. Standardization of the Korean version of the revised NEO personality inventory. Korean Journal of Counseling and Psychotherapy. 1997;9(1):443-472.
  21. Kim SW. Differential effects of humor advertising by expression type: The moderating effects of NEO-FFI Personality Type [master's thesis]. [Gyeongsan]: Yeungnam University; 2008. 111 p.
  22. Kim Y, Chung CW. Development of the Korean Pregnancy Stress Scale. Japan Journal of Nursing Science. 2018;15(2):113-124. https://doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12175
  23. Brown A, Rance J, Warren L. Body image concerns during pregnancy are associated with a shorter breast feeding duration. Midwifery. 2015;31(1):80-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.midw.2014.06.003
  24. Kim HW, Hong KJ. Development of a maternal identity scale for pregnant women. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 1996;26(3):531-543. https://doi.org/10.4040/jnas.1996.26.3.531
  25. Waring EM, Reddon JR. The measurement of intimacy in marriage: The waring intimacy questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 1983;39(1):53-57. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4679(198301)39:1<53::AID-JCLP2270390110>3.0.CO;2-0
  26. Kim SN. A structural model for quality of life in women having hysterectomies. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing. 1999; 29(1):161-173. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.1999.29.1.161
  27. Zimet GD, Dahlem NW, Zimet SG, Farley GK. The multidimensional scale of perceived social support. Journal of Personality Assessment. 1988;52(1):30-41. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa5201_2
  28. Shin JS, Lee YB. The effects of social supports on psychosocial well-being of the unemployed. Korean Journal of Social Welfare. 1999;37:241-269.
  29. Kim JI, Kim YK, Jo YM. A study on the factors affecting happiness in nursing students. Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society. 2016;18(2):1137-1149.
  30. Kim BS, Kim HY, Lee SJ. The effect of forest experiences on happiness and positive psychology of Korean middle-aged women in Seoul and the surrounding metropolitan cities. The Journal of Korean institute of Forest Recreation. 2013;17(3):65-73. https://doi.org/10.34272/forest.2013.17.3.008

Cited by

  1. Effects of Positive Psychology-Based Program for the Depressed Pregnant Women vol.25, pp.2, 2019, https://doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2021.25.2.109