DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Drift Ratio-based Fragility Functions for Diagonally Reinforced Concrete Coupling Beams

대각보강된 철근콘크리트 연결보의 변위비 기반 취약도 함수 개발

  • Lee, Chang Seok (Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Han, Sang Whan (Department of Architectural Engineering, Hanyang University) ;
  • Koh, Hyeyoung (Department of Civil Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison)
  • 이창석 (한양대학교 건축공학과) ;
  • 한상환 (한양대학교 건축공학과) ;
  • 고혜영 (미국 위스콘신 주립대 (매디슨) 토목공학과 대학원)
  • Received : 2018.10.04
  • Accepted : 2019.02.07
  • Published : 2019.03.01

Abstract

Diagonally reinforced concrete coupling beams (DRCBs) have been widely adopted in reinforced concrete (RC) bearing wall systems. DRCBs are known to act as a fuse element dissipating most of seismic energies imparted to the bearing wall systems during earthquakes. Despite such importance of DRCBs, the damage estimation of such components and the corresponding consequences within the knowledge of performance based seismic design framework is not well understood. In this paper, drift-based fragility functions are developed for in-plane loaded DRCBs. Fragility functions are developed to predict the damage and to decide the repair method required for DRCBs subjected to earthquake loading. Thirty-seven experimental results are collected from seventeen published literatures for this effort. Drift-based fragility functions are developed for four damage states of DRCBs subjected to cyclic and monotonic loading associated with minor cracking, severe cracking, onset of strength loss, and significant strength loss. Damage states are defined in a consistent manner. Cumulative distribution functions are fit to the empirical data and evaluated using standard statistical methods.

Keywords

References

  1. Moehle JP, Ghodsi T, Hooper JD, Fields DC, Gedhada, R. Seismic Design of Cast-in-Place Concrete Special Structural Walls and Coupling Beams: A Guide for Practicing Engineers. NEHRP Seismic Design Technical Brief No. 6, National Institute of Standards and Technology. Gaithersburg, MD.; c2011.
  2. Berg GV, Stratta JL. Anchorage and the Alaska Earthquake of March 27. American Iron and Steel Institute. Washington, D.C.; c1964.
  3. Paulay T, and Binney JR, Diagonally reinforced coupling beams of shear walls. ACI special publication SP-42. 1974;579-598.
  4. Tassios TP, Moretti M, Bezas A. On the behavior and ductility of reinforced concrete coupling beams of shear walls. ACI Structural Journal. 1996;93(6):711-720.
  5. Galano L, Vignoli A. Seismic behavior of short coupling beams with different reinforcement layouts. ACI Structural Journal. 2000;97(6):876-885.
  6. Fortney PJ, Rassati GA, Shahrooz BM. Investigation on effect of transverse reinforcement on performance of diagonally reinforced coupling beams. ACI Structural Journal. 2008 105(6):781-788.
  7. Naish D, Fry A, Klemencic R, Wallace JW. Reinforced concrete coupling beams Part1: Testing. ACI Structural Journal. 2013;110(6):1057-1066.
  8. Han SW, Lee CS, Shin M, Lee K. Cyclic performance of precast coupling beams with bundled diagonal reinforcement. Engineering Structures. 2015;93:142-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.03.034
  9. Han SW, Yu KH, Kang DH, Lee KH, Shin MS. Cyclic Behavior of Precast Slender Coupling Beams with Bundled Diagonally Reinforcement and High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composite(HPFRCC). Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea. 2015;19(2):55-62. https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2015.19.2.055
  10. Han SW, Han CH. Cyclic Behavior of Slender Diagonally Reinforced Coupling Beams according to Transverse Reinforcement Spacing. Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction. 2016;32(3):31-38. https://doi.org/10.5659/JAIK_SC.2016.32.3.31
  11. Han SW, Kang JW, Han CH. Shear Strength Equation for Slender Diagonally Reinforced Coupling Beam. Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea. 2016;20(6):361-368. https://doi.org/10.5000/EESK.2016.20.6.361
  12. Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. Seismic Performance evaluation & improvement revision of existing structures Korea Infrastructures Safety and Technology Corporation.; c2013.
  13. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Existing Buildings, ASCE/SEI 41-17, Reston, VA.; c2017
  14. American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). Minimum Design Loads and Associated Criteria for Buildings and Other Structures. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers; c2017.
  15. AIK. Korean Building Code (KBC 2016). Architectural Institute of Korea; c2016.
  16. Porter KA, Kiremidjian AS, LeGrue JS. Assembly-Based Vulnerability of Buildings and Its Use in Performance Evaluation. Earthquake Spectra. 2001;17(2):291-312. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.1586176
  17. Porter K, Kennedy R, Bachman R. Creating Fragility Functions for Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering, Earthquake Spectra. 2007;23(2):471-489. https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2720892
  18. Baker JW. Efficient analytical fragility function fitting using dynamic structural analysis. Earthquake Spectra. 2015;31:579-599. https://doi.org/10.1193/021113EQS025M
  19. Aslani H, Miranda E. Fragility assessment of slab-column connections in existing non-ductile reinforced concrete buildings. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 2005;9:777-804. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460509350566
  20. Gogus A, Wallace JW. Fragility assessment of slab-column connections. Earthquake Spectra. 2015;31(1):159-177. https://doi.org/10.1193/061812EQS220M
  21. Lignos DG, Karamanci E. Drift-based and dual-parameter fragility curves for concentrically braced frames in seismic regions. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 2013;90:209-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcsr.2013.07.034
  22. Lignos DG, Kolios D, Miranda E. Fragility assessment of reduced beam section moment connections. Journal of Structural Engineering. 2010;136(9):1140-1150. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000214
  23. Naish D, Fry A, Klemencic R, Wallace J. Reinforced Concret e Coupling Beams-Part II: Modeling. ACI Structural Journal. 2013;110(6):1067-1075.
  24. Korea Concrete Institute. Concrete design code of Korea (KCI 2012). Seoul, Korea; c2012.
  25. American Concrete Institute. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-14) and Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318R-14), Farmington Hills, MI.; c2014
  26. Canbolat BA, Parra-Montesinos GJ, Wight JK. Experimental study on seismic behavior of high-performance fiber-reinforced cement composite coupling beams. ACI Structural Journal. 2005;102(1):159-166.
  27. Harries KA, Fortney PJ, Shahrooz BM, Brienen PJ. Practical design of diagonally reinforced concrete coupling beams - Critical review of ACI 318 requirements. ACI Structural Journal. 2005;102(6):876-882.
  28. American Concrete Institute. Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318-08) and Commentary on Building Code Requirements for Structural Concrete (ACI 318R-08), Farmington Hills, MI.; c2008
  29. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Seismic Performance Assessment of Buildings, Volume 1 - Methodology, FEMA P-58-1, Washington, D.C.; c2012.
  30. Federal Emergency Management Agency. The Effects of Strength and Stiffness Degradation on Seismic Response, Technical Report FEMA P-440A, Washington, D.C.; c2009.
  31. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Seismic Retrofit Guidelines for Detached, Single-Family, Wood-Frame Dwellings, Technical Report FEMA P50-1, Washington, D.C.; c2012.
  32. Lim E, Hwang SJ, Wang TW, Chang YH. An investigation on the seismic behavior of deep reinforced concrete coupling beams. ACI Structural Journal. 2016;113(2):217-226.
  33. Lim E, Hwang SJ, Cheng CH, Lin PY. Cyclic tests of reinforced concrete coupling beam with intermediate span-depth ratio. ACI Structural Journal. 2016;113(3):515-524.
  34. Park YJ, Ang AHS. Mechanistic Seismic Damage Model for Reinforced-Concrete. Journal of Structural Engineering. 1985;111(4):722-739. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1985)111:4(722)
  35. Kanakubo T, Fujisawa M, Sako N, Sonobe Y. Ductility of short span RC beams. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Acapulco, Mexico; c1996.
  36. Ishikawa Y, Kimura H. Experimental study on seismic behavior of R/C diagonally reinforced short beams. 11th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Acapulco, Mexico; c1996.
  37. Gonzalez E. Seismic response of diagonally reinforced slender coupling beams, M.S. Thesis, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; c2001.
  38. Kwan AKH, Zhao ZZ. Cyclic behaviour of deep reinforced concrete coupling beams. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Structures and Buildings. 2002;152(3):283-293. https://doi.org/10.1680/stbu.2002.152.3.283
  39. Dugas DG. Seismic response of diagonally reinforced coupling beams with headed bars, M.S. Thesis, Mcgill University, Montreal, Canada; c2003.
  40. Shimazaki, K. De-bonded diagonally reinforced beam for good repairability, 13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vancouver, Canada. c2004.
  41. Korea Land and Housing Corporation, Improvement of reinforcement details in coupling beams of coupled special shear walls, Report No. 2012-54, Republic of Korea; c2012.
  42. Naish D, Fry A, Klemencic R, Wallace J. Reinforced Concret e Coupling Beams-Part I: Testing. ACI Structural Journal. 2013;110(6):1057-1066.
  43. Shin M, Gwon SW, Lee K, Han SW, Jo YW. Effectiveness of high performance fiber-reinforced cement composites in slender coupling beams. Construction and Building Materials. 2014;68:476-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.06.089
  44. Han SW, Kang JW, Lee CS. Seismic Behavior of Slender HPFRCC Coupling Beams with Limited Transverse Bars. Earthquake Spectra. 2018;34(1):77-98. https://doi.org/10.1193/021116EQS030M