한국조경학회지 (Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture)

  • 제47권1호
  • /
  • Pages.49-56
  • /
  • 2019
  • /
  • 1225-1755(pISSN)
  • /
  • 2288-9566(eISSN)
한국조경학회 (The Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

도시녹지와 옥외범죄율 간의 상관관계 연구 - 텍사스 오스틴 지역을 중심으로 -

Correlation between Urban Green Areas and Outdoor Crime Rates - A Case Study of Austin, Texas -

  • 김영재 (영남대학교 산림자원및조경학과)
  • Kim, Young-Jae (Dept. of Forest Resources and Landscape Architecture, Yeungnam University)
  • 투고 : 2018.08.29
  • 심사 : 2019.02.08
  • 발행 : 2019.02.28
PDF 다운로드
⟨ 이전 논문 다음 논문 ⟩

초록

도시녹지는 환경적, 정서적, 신체 활동적 측면에서 인간의 삶에 긍정적인 역할을 하고 있다. 기존의 알려진 긍정적인 역할 이외에 미시적인 환경을 대상으로 한 몇몇의 선행연구는 도시녹지가 안전성을 제고할 수 있는 연구결과를 보여주고 있다. 하지만, 광역적인 측면에서의 도시녹지와 안전성에 대한 연구는 부족하다. 따라서 본 연구는 미국 텍사스 오스틴 시를 대상으로 도시녹지요소를 독립변수로 설정하고, 도시안전성과 관련이 있는 실제 옥외범죄율을 종속변수로 하여 이들 간의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 미국의 인구조사 통계청에서 제공하는 블록그룹을 분석 단위로 하여 오스틴 시의 사회 인구학적 특성을 파악하고, GIS 및 ENVI 프로그램을 활용하여 도시녹지 변수와 옥외범죄율 변수를 구축하였다. 통계분석방법으로는 도시수목비율에 따른 옥외범죄율의 비교를 위해 일원분산분석이 사용되었고, 사회 인구학적 특성을 통제시키며, 도시녹지변수와 옥외범죄율의 상관관계분석을 위해 최소자승법 회귀분석이 사용되었다. 일원분산분석결과, 도시수목비율이 0%~25%에 해당하는 지역의 acre당 연간 옥외범죄율은 1.20%로서 수목비율이 높은 25%~50%의 지역 및 50% 이상의 지역보다 acre당 연간 옥외범죄율이 각각 0.59%, 1.17% 높은 것으로 나타났다. 회귀분석결과, 소수인종비율과 학교중퇴자비율은 연간 옥외범죄율과 양의 상관관계를 보이고, 연간 개인소득수준과 도시녹지요소인 정규식생지수(NDVI) 및 공원 면적 비율은 연간 옥외범죄율과 음의 상관관계를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 도시의 안정성 제고를 위해 도시녹지의 공급이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

Urban green spaces have been contributing to the improvement of environmental, mental, and physical health for humans. In addition, recent studies showed the potential role of vegetation in reducing the amount of crime in inner-city neighborhoods at the micro-scale level. However, little is known about the positive role of urban green areas in improving urban safety at the regional level. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between urban green areas and actual outdoor crime rates, while also considering socio-demographic factors. The study area is the city of Austin, Texas, USA, which consists of 506 block groups. This study utilized socio-demographic factors based on U.S. Census data and vegetation-related factors utilizing GIS and ENVI software. For analyses, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and an ordinary least square (OLS) regression were utilized. The results from ANOVA showed that yearly crime rates per acre for areas having 0%~25% trees in their neighborhoods were 0.46% and 1.05% higher than those of having 25%~50% and >50% trees in the neighborhoods, respectively. The results from the OLS regression represented that income, NDVI and park rates in neighborhoods were negatively associated with the crime rate per acre, whereas the percentage of minorities and the percentage of teenage school dropouts were positively associated with the crime rate per acre. This study implies that urban green areas may help to improve the safety of urban areas.

키워드

참고문헌

  1. Berrigan, D., L. W. Pickle and J. Dill(2010) Associations between street connectivity and active transportation. International Journal of Health Geographics 9(1): 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/1476-072X-9-20
  2. Feyisa, G. L., K. Dons and H. Meilby(2014) Efficiency of parks in mitigating urban heat island effect: An example from Addis Ababa. Landscape and Urban Planning 123: 87-95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2013.12.008
  3. Forbes. Available online: http://www.forbes.com/pictures/emeg45iikm/1-austin-texas/ (accessed on March 28 2018).
  4. Giles-Corti, B., M. H. Broomhall, M. Knuiman, C. Collins, K. Douglas, K. Ng, A. Lange and R. J. Donovan(2005) Increasing walking: How important is distance to, attractiveness, and size of public open space? American Journal of Preventive Medicine 28: 169-176.
  5. Hartig, T. and G. W. Evans(1993) Psychological foundations of nature experience. Advances in Psychology 96: 427-427. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0166-4115(08)60053-9
  6. Kaplan, R. and S. Kaplan(1989) The Experience of Nature: A Psychological Perspective; CUP Archive: Cambridge, UK.
  7. Kazmierczak, A.(2013) The contribution of local parks to neighbourhood social ties. Landscape and Urban Planning 109(1): 31-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.05.007
  8. Kim, Y. J. and A. Woo(2016) What's the score? Walkable environments and subsidized households. Sustainability 8(4): 396. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8040396
  9. Kim, Y. J., C. Lee and J.-H. Kim(2018) Sidewalk landscape structure and thermal conditions for child and adult pedestrians. Int J Environ Res Public Health 15(1): 158. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010158
  10. Kuo, F. E. and W. C. Sullivan(2001a) Aggression and violence in the inner city effects of environment via mental fatigue. Environment and Behavior 33(4): 543-571. https://doi.org/10.1177/00139160121973124
  11. Kuo, F. E. and W. C. Sullivan(2001b) Environment and crime in the inner city does vegetation reduce crime? Environment and Behavior 33(3): 343-367. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013916501333002
  12. Kweon, B. S., W. C. Sullivan and A. R. Wiley(1998). Green common spaces and the social integration of inner-city older adults. Environment and Behavior 30(6): 832-858. https://doi.org/10.1177/001391659803000605
  13. Lee, Y.-M.(2008) The study on the correlation analysis between the experienced crime victimization rate and the evaluation indicator for residents' safety of outdoor spaces from crime in multi-family housing. Journal of the Korean Housing Association 19(2): 73-82.
  14. Peters, K., B. Elands and A. Buijs(2010) Social interactions in urban parks: Stimulating social cohesion? Urban Foreresty and Urban Greening 9(2): 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ufug.2009.11.003
  15. Rodriguez, D. A., A. L. Brown and P. J. Troped(2005) Portable global positioning units to complement accelerometry-based physical activity monitors. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc 37: S572-S581. https://doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000185297.72328.ce
  16. Saelens, B. E., J. F. Sallis, J. B. Black and D. Chen(2003) Neighborhood-based differences in physical activity: An environment scale evaluation. American Journal of Public Health 93(9): 1552-1558. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1552
  17. Staats, H., A. Kieviet and T. Hartig(2003) Where to recover from attentional fatigue: An expectancy-value analysis of environmental preference. Journal of Environmental Psychology 23(2): 147-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00112-3
  18. Susca, T., S. R. Gaffin and G. R. Dell'Osso(2011) Positive effects of vegetation: Urban heat island and green roofs. Environmental Pollution 159(8): 2119-2126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2011.03.007
  19. U.S. Census Bureau. Available online: http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/48/4805000.html (accessed on March 15 2018).
  20. Woo, A. and Y. J. Kim(2016) Spatial location of place-based subsidized households and uneven geography of opportunities: Case of Austin, Texas in the US. Community Development 47(1): 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1080/15575330.2015.1104369
  21. Yu, C. Y.(2014) Environmental supports for walking/biking and traffic safety: Income and Ethnic Disparities. Preventive Medicine 67: 12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.06.028