Journal of Nutrition and Health

The Korean Nutrition Society (한국영양학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by perceived anxiety and depressive condition: data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013~ 2015

한국 노인의 주관적 불안·우울 상태에 따른 식품 및 영양소 섭취 실태 : 2013~ 2015년 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

  • Kim, Da-Mee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University) ;
  • Kim, Kyung-Hee (Department of Food and Nutrition, Duksung Women's University)
  • 김다미 (덕성여자대학교 식품영양학과) ;
  • 김경희 (덕성여자대학교 식품영양학과)
  • Received : 2018.12.18
  • Accepted : 2019.01.11
  • Published : 2019.02.28
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Purpose: This study examined the food and nutrient intake of Korean elderly according to the anxiety and depressive condition using the data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) from 2013 to 2015. Methods: The participants were 3,504 elderly people over 65 years of age (1,523 in men and, 1,981 in women). The dietary information was analyzed using the 24-hour recall data. The anxiety and depressive state was assessed using the self-reported scale EQ-5D in the quality of life dimension. The subjects were divided into the anxiety depression group (AD) and non-anxiety depression group (NAD) according to their anxiety and depressive conditions. Results: In the male elderly, the AD group had a significantly lower education and economic level and higher proportion in living alone than the NAD group. The percentage of eating lunch and dinner alone in the male AD group was higher than that of the NAD group. The female AD group showed less a lower frequency of dinner than the NAD group. The male AD group had a lower consumption of total foods, fish and shellfishes, seaweeds, mushrooms, oils and fats, and seasonings than the NAD group. With regard to the nutrient intake, the male elderly NAD group had more sufficient nutrient intakes than the AD group. In particular, the daily intakes of dietary fiber, riboflavin, niacin, potassium and iron were significantly lower in the AD group. To compare with the nutrient density of the two groups, the vitamin C and niacin intakes were lower in the AD group than in the NAD group. Overall, the nutritional status of the male AD group was significantly lower than that of the NAD group. Meanwhile, the female elderly had showed a smaller difference in nutrient intake according to their anxiety and depressive condition. Conclusion: These results of this study show that more nutritional education and emotional support are needed to improve the nutritional status and health of the male elderly with anxiety or depression.

본 연구는 국민건강영양조사 제 6기 (2013 ~ 2015년) 자료를 이용하여 우리나라 65세 이상 노인의 주관적 불안 우울 상태에 따른 식품 및 영양소 섭취 실태를 분석한 것으로 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 남자 노인의 불안 우울군이 비불안 우울군에 비하여 저체중군 비율이 높고 과체중군의 비율이 낮았다. 불안 우울군의 교육 수준과 경제 수준이 더 낮았으며 독거가구의 비율은 더 높아서 혼자 사는 노인이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 남녀 노인 모두 불안 우울군의 주관적 건강상태가 더 나쁜 것으로 나타나 스스로 건강하지 않다고 생각하는 비율이 높았다. 남자 노인의 불안 우울군이 점심식사와 저녁 식사 시 혼자 식사하는 비율이 높았고 여자 노인의 경우, 불안 우울군의 저녁식사 빈도가 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 남자 노인의 불안 우울군에서 총 식품섭취량, 버섯류, 어패류, 해조류, 유지류, 조미료류의 섭취가 비불안 우울군에 비하여 낮았다. 반면 여자 노인의 경우 총 식품섭취량과 그 외의 모든 식품군 섭취량에서 주관적 불안 우울에 따른 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 남자 노인의 불안 우울군의 경우 식이섬유, 비타민 C, 리보플라빈, 니아신, 칼륨, 철의 섭취량이 유의적으로 낮게 나타나, 여자 노인에 비하여 남자 노인이 주관적 불안 우울에 따른 영양소 섭취 상태가 불량한 것을 알 수 있었다. 남녀 노인 모두 탄수화물, 단백질, 지방의 열량 기여율은 불안 우울에 따른 유의적 차이는 없었으나, 한국인 영양섭취기준의 에너지 적정비율 (AMDR)인 탄수화물 (55 ~ 65%), 단백질 (7 ~ 20%), 지방 (15 ~ 30%)의 범위와 비교했을 때 두 군 모두 기준보다 탄수화물은 많이 섭취하고, 지방은 부족하게 섭취하고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 남자 노인의 경우는 불안 우울군의 비타민 C와 니아신의 적정섭취비가 유의적으로 낮았다. 전반적인 영양소 섭취 상태를 평가한 평균영양소 적정섭취비도 비불안 우울군에 비해 불안 우울군이 유의적으로 낮았다. 여자 노인의 경우 불안 우울군의 단백질 적정섭취비가 유의적으로 낮았으며 그 외 다른 영양소의 적정섭취비는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해보면 남자 노인은 여자 노인에 비해 불안 우울에 따른 영양소 섭취상태가 더욱 불량한 것으로 나타나서 남자노인을 위한 심리적 지원 프로그램과 함께 적절한 식사 섭취를 위한 프로그램이 필요하다고 생각된다.

Keywords

References

  1. Statistics Korea. Statistics of elderly in Korea 2018 [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 30]. Available from: http://kostat.go.kr.
  2. Statistics Korea. Statistics of elderly in Korea 2017 [Internet]. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2018 [cited 2018 Nov 30]. Available from: http://kostat.go.kr.
  3. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Report No.11-1352000-001426-12. 2014 living profiles of older people survey: a national report on the living status and welfare needs of older adults. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2015.
  4. Kim GD, Kim KH. Comparison of depression, anxiety, and stress between Korea elders and New Zealand elders. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc 2015; 16(9): 6190-6200. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.9.6190
  5. Lee JW, Kim SA. A comparative study on eating habits and eating attitude of depressed and normal adults: based on 2008 Korean National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Community Nutr 2011; 16(5): 548-558. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2011.16.5.548
  6. Ministry of Health and Welfare, Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs. Report No.11-1352000-000672-12. 2017 living profiles of older people survey: a national report on the living status and welfare needs of older adults. Seoul: Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2018.
  7. Park YH, Suh EE. The risk of malnutrition, depression, and the perceived health status of older adults. J Korean Acad Nurs 2007; 37(6): 941-948. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2007.37.6.941
  8. Han GS, Yang EJ. Evaluation of dietary habit and nutritional intake of Korean elderly: data from Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013 - 2015. J East Asian Soc Diet Life 2018; 28(4): 258-271. https://doi.org/10.17495/easdl.2018.8.28.4.258
  9. Kwon JS, Lee SH, Lee KM, Lee Y. Study on energy and nutrient intake and food preference of the elderly in care facilities. Korean J Community Nutr 2016; 21(2): 200-217. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2016.21.2.200
  10. Rao TS, Asha MR, Ramesh BN, Rao KS. Understanding nutrition, depression and mental illnesses. Indian J Psychiatry 2008; 50(2): 77-82. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.42391
  11. Torres SJ, McCabe M, Nowson CA. Depression, nutritional risk and eating behaviour in older caregivers. J Nutr Health Aging 2010; 14(6): 442-448. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-010-0041-x
  12. Son SM, Park JK, Lee HS. Depression and dietary factors related to hyperlipidemia in urban living elderly female from low income group. Korean J Community Nutr 2003; 8(6): 938-950.
  13. Lee S, Kim Y, Seo S, Cho MS. A study on dietary habits and food intakes in adults aged 50 or older according to depression status. J Nutr Health 2014; 47(1): 67-76. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.1.67
  14. Kim HY, Lee JS, Youn JC, Chang MJ. Food and nutrient intake status of Korean elderly by degree of cognitive function. J Nutr Health 2016; 49(5): 313-322. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2016.49.5.313
  15. Poorrezaeian M, Siassi F, Qorbani M, Karimi J, Koohdani F, Asayesh H, et al. Association of dietary diversity score with anxiety in women. Psychiatry Res 2015; 230(2): 622-627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2015.10.016
  16. Park S. Appetite and related factors among community elders in Korea. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2014; 43(9): 1431-1438. https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2014.43.9.1431
  17. Lee H, Chung W, Lim S, Han E. Association of a combination between actual body mass index status and perceived body image with anxiety and depressive condition in Korean men and women: The Fifth and sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010 - 2014). Health Policy Manag 2018; 28(1): 3-14. https://doi.org/10.4332/KJHPA.2018.28.1.3
  18. Bae YJ. Nutrient and food intakes of Korean female adults depending on perceived stress: based on the 2014 - 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Korean J Food Nutr 2017; 30(4): 759-770. https://doi.org/10.9799/KSFAN.2017.30.4.759
  19. Oh JY, Sung YA. A study on the factors influencing health care expenditure of elderly households: focused on the elderly single and elderly couple households. J Korean Home Manage Assoc 2010; 28(1): 159-174.
  20. Lee KE, Yom YH, Han JH. Effects of perceived health status, leisure satisfaction and loneliness on life satisfaction for elderly people. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs 2012; 19(4): 483-492. https://doi.org/10.7739/jkafn.2012.19.4.483
  21. Lee MS. Quality of nutrient adequacy and health-related quality of life of the rural elderly. Korean J Community Nutr 2015; 20(6): 423-432. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2015.20.6.423
  22. Freeman A, Tyrovolas S, Koyanagi A, Chatterji S, Leonardi M, Ayuso-Mateos JL, et al. The role of socio-economic status in depression: results from the COURAGE (aging survey in Europe). BMC Public Health 2016; 16(1): 1098. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3638-0
  23. Hoebel J, Maske UE, Zeeb H, Lampert T. Social inequalities and depressive symptoms in adults: the role of objective and subjective socioeconomic status. PLoS One 2017; 12(1): e0169764. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169764
  24. Kim YJ. Comparison of health habits, perceived stress, depression, and suicidal thinking by gender between elders living alone and those living with others. J Korean Acad Fundam Nurs 2009; 16(3): 333-344.
  25. Ferraro KF, Kelley-Moore JA. Self-rated health and mortality among black and white adults: examining the dynamic evaluation thesis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2001; 56(4): S195-S205. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/56.4.S195
  26. Nunley BL, Hall LA, Rowles GD. Effects of the quality of dyadic relationships on the psychological well-being of elderly care-recipients. J Gerontol Nurs 2000; 26(12): 23-31. https://doi.org/10.3928/0098-9134-20001201-07
  27. Kim KS, Yu CN. A longitudinal study on life satisfaction and income trajectory in old age. J Welf Aged 2012; 58: 163-188.
  28. Park YJ. The analysis on the causal model of stress, leisure satisfaction and psychological well-being for the rural elderly people living alone. J Rural Soc 2010; 20(2): 233-263.
  29. Kim ES, Lee SK, Yoon HJ, Nam HM, Kim KH, Kwon GH. Subjective health status and relative factors of old-old elderly of more than 75-year-old: based on 2011 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc 2014; 15(7): 4279-4289. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2014.15.7.4279
  30. Kim JY. Health-related quality of life according to breakfast in elderly. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc 2015; 16(7): 4668-4678. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2015.16.7.4668
  31. Park HE, Bae Y. Eating habits in accordance with the mental health status: the 5th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2010-2012. J Korea Acad Ind Coop Soc 2016; 17(10): 168-181. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2016.17.10.168
  32. Jacka FN, Mykletun A, Berk M, Bjelland I, Tell GS. The association between habitual diet quality and the common mental disorders in community-dwelling adults: the Hordaland Health study. Psychosom Med 2011; 73(6): 483-490. https://doi.org/10.1097/PSY.0b013e318222831a
  33. Kim HJ, Kim H, Kim KN, Kim G, Son JI, Kim SY, et al. Relationship among plasma homocysteine, folate, vitamin B12 and nutrient intake and neurocognitive function in the elderly. Korean J Nutr 2011; 44(6): 498-506. https://doi.org/10.4163/kjn.2011.44.6.498
  34. Jeong YJ, Han AL, Shin SR, Lee SY, Kim JH. Relationship between diet and prevalence of depression among Korean adults: Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. J Agric Med Community Health 2016; 41(2): 75-84. https://doi.org/10.5393/JAMCH.2016.41.2.075
  35. Lee HS. The factors influencing health-related quality of life in the elderly: focused on the general characteristics, health habits, mental health, chronic diseases, and nutrient intake status: data from the Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES V), 2010 - 2012. Korean J Community Nutr 2014; 19(5): 479-489. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2014.19.5.479
  36. Phillips RM. Nutrition and depression in the community-based oldest-old. Home Healthc Nurse 2012; 30(8): 462-471. https://doi.org/10.1097/NHH.0b013e31826517ad
  37. Park SJ, Choi JH, Lee JY, Lee C, Lee HJ. Association between nutrient intakes and prevalence of depressive disorder in Korean adults: 2014 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health 2018; 51(5): 414-422. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2018.51.5.414
  38. Park MS, Suh YS, Chung YJ. Comparison of chronic disease risk by dietary carbohydrate energy ratio in Korean elderly: using the 2007-2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Nutr Health 2014; 47(4): 247-257. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2014.47.4.247
  39. Lee YJ, Kwon MK, Baek HJ, Lee SS. Comparative analysis of food intake according to the family type of elderly women in Seoul area. J Nutr Health 2015; 48(3): 277-288. https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2015.48.3.277

Cited by

  1. 가정배달급식 수혜 노인의 영양위험도와 영양위험도에 미치는 요인 vol.24, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2019.24.3.197
  2. 노인 영양지수 (NQ-E)를 이용한 서울 일부지역 노인의 식생활 및 영양 상태 평가 vol.53, pp.1, 2019, https://doi.org/10.4163/jnh.2020.53.1.68
  3. Comparison of Nutrient Intake and Diet Assessment according to the Subjective Health Perception and Disease Existence : The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data(2013~2017) Analy vol.32, pp.3, 2019, https://doi.org/10.7856/kjcls.2021.32.3.395